European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

8-15

Authors: Joe Denny, Mohamed Elyas, Shannon Angel D’costa and Royson Donate D’Souza

This journal presents the timeline of humanoid robots divided into 3 aspects such as its past, its present and its possible future .This paper showcases the need for the creation of the first few humanoid robots to the present ones to the ones that are yet to be created. The need for the robots to have aspects of a human is put forward in this paper along with the specific application of the robots. The journal has three parts as mentioned above. The first section consists of the present scenario about humanoid robots under this section the complexity of the motion of a human hand and the biomechanics required in duplicating the motion is showcased alongside the mimicking of human functions such as walking and swimming. The first part even comprises about the sensing method for a humanoid robot. Advancement of humanoid robots in the field of cerebral palsy and autism has also been briefed through in this journal. The second phase of the journal comprises the past life of the humanoid robots; the beginning thoughts that lead to the idea of humanoid robots to the first ever created working humanoid robots is shown in the second section along with the advancement in bipedal locomotion and in environmental perception . The third section consists of the upcoming future development in the field of humanoid robots .The difficulties in the existing means of motion of humanoid robot and the further possible future motion of humanoid robots is depicted in the third phase. Human to humanoid control is briefed in the final chapter of the journal along with other technology such as grasping force .It also shows the trend towards the research in robotics towards development of humanoid robots using cogitative system utilizing artificial intelligence .At the end of the journal the list of humanoid robot developments as to understand the depth of development in the field of humanoid robots and the importance of humanoid robots in the existing and the coming era.

23-28

Authors: Laeeq Ahmed Khan Aqil and Md. Abdul Raheem Junaidi

A rocket motor is designed based on the burning rate of 10mm/sec with the burning index of 0.4, which shall be useful to fire at sea level to perform its objective at the maximum altitude of 2 km. Thickness of the shell will be calculated based on the maximum operating pressure of the rocket motor and its throat area, based on the mass flow rate, chamber pressure, and characteristic velocity of propulsion. Propellant composition shall provide its characteristic velocity. Based on the burning rate, chamber pressure shall be evaluated and also operational range will be helpful in evaluating its maximum thrust generated at the time of its operation. A suitable material shall be selected to withstand internal pressure of the rocket motor generated during operation.

36-39

Authors: Ashraf Balabel

Recently, an increased attention is turned to the problem of the natural convection heat transfer from a heated vertical plate due to its increasing importance in many industrial and technological applications. In the present paper, the numerical simulation of natural-convective heat transfer of a heated vertical plate subjected to periodic boundary conditions is carried out. The numerical approach applied here is based on solving the set of the governing equations using the control volume technique over a non-staggered grid system. In our algorithm, the implicit fractional step-non iterative method is applied to obtain the velocity and the temperature fields. The exact solutions for the classical Stoke’s problem and the similarity solution are used to verify the numerical results obtained. The comparison of the numerical results obtained showed that the present numerical method applied can be used in such applications with confidence.

46-55

Authors: Ravindra Janga and Sushama Malaji

With the rapid development of Microprocessors/Microcontrollers digital controllers are becoming viable one as compared to conventional controllers. To overcome the drawbacks in single loop simple Voltage Mode Controllers and improve the performance of the converter, two loop current mode Controllers need to be designed. This paper presents the step by step design procedure to design a Digital Current Mode Controller for Active Clamp Forward Converter. Small Signal Discrete-time Model of the converter is first designed. Control dynamics of the converter are explained in detailed to design a current mode controller for Active Clamp Forward Converter. A continuous –time current mode controller is first designed and with the help of digital redesign method a digital current mode controller is designed. Finally, the behavior of the Active clamp Forward Converter with designed controllers and achievement of desired compensation is verified by applying disturbances at both ends of the converter.

66-69

Authors: Akhil Nigam

This paper deals with the discrimination analysis between conventional and modified perturb and observe algorithm for solar PV cell. Basically perturb and observe algorithm is the most widely used algorithm because it contains less maintenance and less complexity. But due to sudden change in weather conditions this algorithm cannot work properly and efficiency reduces. So there is an algorithm which reduces the drawbacks of conventional perturb and observe algorithm is called modified perturb and observe algorithm.