International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS)

8-12

Authors: ড. মাম্পি বৈদ্য

The people are being rootless, homeless, and placeless due to division of the country. In consequence their children got affected in every angel of the life, they can’t touch the top of the hill, and they can’t cross the sea. The big problem of the young refugee child is their forefather generation; they didn’t teach how to live in a proper manner in a society and the worst of them is not having an example of ideal man to run the life in his footsteps. Therefore the young mind runs their life without any direction, and even some do suicide. The most important need of the life is to stay with time, with direction and aim, with love and gentle and also fearless at the moment of catastrophe. Then only the person will reach to the sky as the limit of success.

16-21

Authors: R. S. Negi and Deepak Singh Manhas

Migration is influenced by the pushes and pulls factors which are directly linked with internal and external migration. By and large the migrants seldom contact and visit their native places and discard all rituals and traditions of the society he leaves behind. Contrary to this is the behavior of hill rural out-migrants' kinship with their native places. This paper examines and elaborates the behavior of Hill rural out-migrant’s kinship with their native place. In this paper researcher will analysis the out-migrant’s last one year demeanor with its native place. This research is a humble attempt to study the Hill Rural Out-Migrant’s behavior of home visit, communication & remittances to native place and the reasons for home visit & period of stay at native place. The study area is District Garhwal of Uttarakhand (India). The research utilizes judgmental and multi stage random sampling and use interview schedule to collect primary data. This study reveals that closeness of relation of the kinship with native place and how the distance of destination creates hurdle in intensity of home visit. It also suggests that private and self-employed Out-migrant’s period of stay is less in compare to government employed out-migrants. Study also verified that Most of the hill rural out-migrant visited at a gap of six month in a year with a reason to meet family members and to spend holiday at native place. Remittances flow took place at monthly basis to native place whereas communication span varies in accordance with relation to family members who lived at native place. Key Word: kinship, Hill rural out-migrants, Remittances, communication span, visit.

35-40

Authors: Sankhang Basumatary

The consumption expenditure pattern in an important indicator of economic status and living standards of households. The various food and non-food consumption options depend on the availability of income, market, time, information, social barriers, and on household’s decision as well as on the availability of goods and services. This paper analysis the consumption expenditure pattern on food, education, health, fuel and lighting, intoxicants and cell phone expenditures of the Bodo tribe living under the Jalah Development Block. The study found that consumption expenditure in the tribal area basically depends on the amount of income they can derive by selling their labour in agricultural sector and many households’ expenditures were more than their income. Key Words: Consumption expenditure, food and non-food, Bodo tribe.

47-52

Authors: Dr. Manika Biswas (Mukherji)

Physico-chemical analysis and zooplankton survey of Rabindra Sarobar was carried out on a monthly basis for the period of one year. pH denoted alkaline nature of the lake, ranging from 7.38 to 7.82. DO was recorded in the range of 6.35 to 7.38 mg/l , while other parameters recorded were total alkalinity (132 to 188.73 g/l), total hardness (68.40 to 89.40 mg/l), total dissolved solids (304-371 mg/l), BOD (1.91 -4.40 mg/l) and COD (74.50 -80.80 mg/l). The study revealed the presence of 31species of zooplankton comprising of 4 groups viz. Rotifera (17 spp.), Cladocera (10spp.) Copepoda (3spp.) and Ostracoda (1sp.). The highest number of zooplankton were recorded in the monsoon months and lowest in the winter season. Copepods were most dominant and their population ranged from 217-902/l. Rotifera, and Ostracoda showed low density. High water temperature alongwith high level of total hardness, DO, BOD, COD, phosphate and sulphate may have a positive relationship with the abundance of Cladocera, Copepoda and total zooplankton population. Rotifera exhibited high species richness and diversity. Key Words: physico-chemical properties, zooplankton, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera.

71-76

Authors: Russell Al Farabi

Culture, as conceived in this study, is the power that shapes the identity of the person and his society. Its components are arts, letters, manners, behaviour, beliefs, knowledge, values and shared tradition which make a society different from other societies and color the action and thought of its members. Different cultures, accordingly, have different attitudes, traditions and upbringing, and what might be perceived in one culture as an adequate personal space might be seen in another culture as another person’s space. Cultural barriers, in this respect, affect the learning experience and the whole atmosphere of the class. An urgent question that comes to the scene of introducing a foreign language to the learners of a different culture is how to avoid or overcome the cultural barrier. During the process of language learning some crucial cultural factors may be notified, seriously hindering the effective learning process, and commonly known as cultural barriers. Effective language learning among different cultures is especially challenging, due to the different ways of thinking, seeing, hearing, and interpreting the world provided by cultures. Cultural barriers are considered as those traditions which become hurdles in path of understanding or teaching/learning different languages, among which body language, religious beliefs, etiquette and social habits are noteworthy. The present study is mainly focused on the positive and negative impacts of cultural barriers on English language teaching/learning process.