European Journal of Technology and Design

10-15

Authors: Nikita S. Kurdyukov

The article explores ontological models. A special type of models is considered. related to information retrieval. The ontological model of information retrieval is a specific model. The information design model is the closest model to an ontological model from a number of information models. The ontological model of information retrieval is generalized and allows for information uncertainty. The connection between the semantic model and the ontological model is shown. The semantic model of information retrieval complements the ontological model. Semantic proximity is a mandatory component of the ontological model. The article describes three methods for forming ontological models in information retrieval: indicator method, probabilistic method, fuzzy method. It is shown that logical weight is only an indicator and a qualitative characteristic, while probabilistic weight is a quantitative indicator. The article introduces several types of weighting coefficients for ontological models in information retrieval. The article introduces the definition of an ontological model of information retrieval. Three key indicators of the ontological model are described. It is shown that the user's information needs in many cases are unclear, uncertain and depend on the individual characteristics of the user. The article introduces the concept of ontological proximity. The article shows the difference between contextual metadata and contextual metamodels. The article introduces the concept of direct and contextual information resource in information retrieval. The difference between these resources is shown. The contextual information resource is associated with the ontological model. The types of relationships for direct and contextual search results are shown. The principles of forming a semantic proximity graph, which is used in ontological models, are described.

23-29

Authors: Dmitry I. Tkachenko

The article explores information structural modeling. Information structural modeling includes two types. The first type of structural modeling is used when studying the surrounding world. The second type of structural modeling is used when constructing new structures and modifying known structures. Information structural modeling is based on the features of data used in computer science. Structural modeling is figurative modeling. It has two features. The first feature of the modeling is that all types of data are treated as areal data. The second feature of structural modeling is that models have a dual formal and graphic or visual form. Structural modeling uses a set-theoretic and systems approach. Structural modeling is applied to data, technologies and systems. These types of structures are different and require different modeling techniques. Many objects have a hierarchical structure. This is due to the hierarchy of the surrounding world and the nesting of objects. Information structural modeling is a complex type of modeling. It is much more complex than formal modeling or symbolic modeling. Information structural modeling has two forms: figurative and formal. When constructing a figurative or visual form, it is necessary to solve the problem of the information content of the image. There is always complete information correspondence between the formal structural model and the modeling object. Between the figurative structural model and the modeling object there is either a complete information correspondence or a partial information correspondence. The article shows an example of reducing a complex set to a hierarchical structure. This example shows that structural modeling reduces the complexity of systems and configurations.

36-41

Authors: Viktor Ya. Tsvetkov

The article explores the field of complex systems. The shortcomings of the existing theory of complex systems are noted. The article explores a special type of complex systems: large complex systems. Two concepts are introduced: a complex multicategory system and a local complex system. Large complex systems are divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous. Large heterogeneous complex systems include categorically different integral local complex systems as subsystems. A subsystem of an ordinary complex system does not have integrity, but is dependent on the main system. A local complex system has integrity. It can be used stand-alone or in combination with other systems. The content of complex systems is revealed based on comparison with simple systems. The article gives a formal description of a number of simple systems. A formal description of complex systems is given on the basis of the development of a description of simple systems. Four types of simple and complex systems are considered. The article identifies three types of emergence of complex systems and three types of structure of the system components. It is shown that emergence is a characteristic of complexity. The presence of a class of large complex systems is noted. This class includes a subclass of heterogeneous or hybrid systems. For this subclass, the concept of multicategory complex systems is introduced. the introduction of the term “multi-categorical complex systems” is justified. a number of properties and dependencies in complex systems are studied. The features of many categorical complex systems are described. The article gives a formal description of a complex multi-category system based on a systems approach. It is shown that the structure of a complex multicategory system is described by a multigraph. A feature of complex multi-category systems is the possibility of using corporate management technologies for local complex systems with the additional condition of their complementary behavior. The introduced models expand the application of the theory of complex systems in practical activities.

9-14

Authors: Nikita S. Kurdukov

The article explores information retrieval technologies. The difference between information retrieval and information retrieval is shown. The search for information includes: information retrieval, semantic retrieval, and ontological retrieval. The problems of existing information retrieval technologies are described. Nine reasons for the inadequacy of information retrieval are described. A brief systematics of information retrieval methods is given. Current trends in the development of information retrieval are described. The article proves that the existing technologies of information retrieval are morphological. Work in the field of semantic search has led to the search for semantic information, but has not led to the creation of semantic search technology. The concept of complete information retrieval, which includes the search for morphology, content and ontology, has been introduced. The problems of the development of semantic search are described. The paradigms of informational, semantic and ontological search are given. It is shown that information retrieval is one-level and morphological. Semantic search is two-level. Ontological search is multi-layered. The key parameters of sematic and ontological search are highlighted: terminological relations, meaning of meaning, concept, knowledge. A search alternative is marked: the alternative is either a short time and a high volume of results, or a long time and a smaller volume of search results.

21-26

Authors: Asya I. Todorova

The article examines the elements of the information field. The main features of the information field as an integral information model are described. The tasks of the information field are described. The information field contains patterns and relationships of the real world. The information field contains tacit knowledge. The main tasks of the information field are to obtain new knowledge and form a picture of the world. It is shown that the information field can be considered as a system. The system has elements. The elements of the information field are information units. Information units are used as elements of models regardless of the information field. This justifies their use as elements of the information field. The variety of application of information units is shown. Information units are used in linguistics, programming, education, decision-making, and system analysis. Information units serve as the basis for information modeling. Four groups of information units that exist in linguistics and in the information field are described. A set-theoretic approach for describing information units of different groups is shown. The article describes the features of information construction. Information units as elements of the information field contribute to cognition and the formation of a picture of the world.

33-36

Authors: Viktor Ya. Tsvetkov

The article examines the technology of logical construction as a new direction in the construction of logical justifications and algorithms. An analysis of the logical construction introduced by B. Russell and the evolution of this concept is given. The emergence of the concept of "logic in natural language" is noted. The emergence of an evolutionary chain is highlighted: formal logic; natural language logic; logic of ontologies; logic of thought. The connecting factor in this chain is the theory of "correspondence of meaning." Consideration of the logical construct as an agent-oriented model leads to the concepts of an evolutionary and self-developing algorithm. It is noted that the concept of logic is related to logical construction and information construction. Floridi's "conceptual logic." The article proposes a new model of logical construction applied to the information field. A new term "logical information construction" has been introduced for it. The area of existence of the new model is only the information field. The logical construct is considered as a derivative model of the information construct model. The concept of "logical construction" is defined. In the development of the concept of logical information construction, the term and model "logical informational" construction have been introduced. The content of this technology is revealed. The basis of logical information construction is the "correspondence of meaning". This correspondence includes other types: informational correspondence, semantic correspondence, ontological correspondence, topological correspondence, and others. The introduced models expand the range of tasks of analysis and logical analysis.

9-15

Authors: Maria Musa Mukaddas, Hassan Umar Mohammed, Ismaila Isah Suleiman

The menace of the unethical practice in which a contractor discloses the bid price of one contractor or subcontractor to another, in order to obtain a lower bid price, otherwise known as bid shopping has been a major bane of the construction industry. This blight is responsible for a myriad of problems for the industry. This study examines these practices and their effects on the public sector of the construction industry. Thirty-six (36) questionnaires were administered to experts in the area of construction to understand their perspectives on the anomaly and its effect on project delivery in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria. Findings of the study showed that some that 25.0 % of the respondents were Architects, 36.1 % quantity surveyors, 22.2 % were builders, 11.1 % project managers and 5.6 % were structural engineers. The highest educational qualification of respondents in the quantity surveying profession observed were, 41.7% of the respondents had earned B.sc, 27.8 % had HND, and 8.3 % had PGD, while 22.2 %, had MSc. In terms of experience 47.2 % had 5-10 years of experience, 30.6 % had less than 5 years of experience, 19.4 % have 11-15 years of experience and 2.8 % have 16-20 years of experience. 36.1 % of the respondents were consultants, 38.9 % were contractors while 25.0% were clients. Findings further some of the techniques used for bid shopping include post-award bid shopping technique ranked first, pre-award bid shopping technique was ranked second and bidding via an electronic reverse auction technique was ranked third. Effect of bid shopping on project delivery shows that “Promotes lower work quality was ranked first, Delays project completion was ranked second, creates an adverse work environment was ranked third, Increased life costs on a project was ranked third and General inefficient prosecution of work was ranked fifth”. Possible implications of bid shopping indicates that vulnerability to frequent maintenance work was ranked first, High maintenance cost was ranked second, poor workmanship was ranked third, poor value for money was ranked forth, poor aesthetics value was ranked fifth and Collapse of buildings was ranked sixth. Penalties that should be taken against contractors who practice bid shopping, the respondents observed that imposing liquidated damages or fines was ranked first, disqualifying winning bidders who are immediately found guilty of bid shopping was ranked second, no any action was ranked third, suspension of licenses or permit was ranked fourth and eventual punishment by lack of competitive bidding was ranked fifth.

22-29

Authors: Viktor Ya. Tsvetkov

The article explores information morphism. Information morphism is considered as a generalization of information transformations with information sets. The article introduces the concepts of direct and inverse morphism. The article introduces the concepts of symmetric and asymmetric morphism. The article introduces the concepts of compositional and non-compositional morphism. The concepts introduced are illustrated by examples from photogrammetry and geoinformatics. Implication and morphism have the same arrow notation. The substantive difference between implication and morphism is shown. Information morphism is considered as categorical modeling. The content of categorical modeling is described. A morphological morphism is described. The semantic and morphological morphism is described. It is shown that the compositional morphism requires the fulfillment of the complementarity condition for the input sets. A symmetric morphism preserves information correspondence. Non-symmetric morphism provides only commensurability. To assess compliance, it is necessary to select a criterion or parameter of informational compliance. A comparative description of information compliance and proportionality is given. Information correspondence is a strict condition between sets. Proportionality is a mild condition between sets. Morphism is not only a generalization of the patterns of the information field, but a method of identifying patterns. Compositional morphism is an example of such a morphism. The use of morphism for metamodeling is noted. Information morphism generalizes information processes and allows their comparative analysis. Information morphism reveals latent factors and extracts implicit knowledge from them.

8-16

Authors: Ildar I. Kalimullin, Sergey S. Makarov

The purpose of this article is to analyze a pipeline system for maintaining reservoir pressure (RPM) in the implementation of polymer flooding technology. The successful use of polymer flooding is a problem of modern industrial oil production and the efficiency of the oil field as a whole depends on the correct solution. In the course of writing this article, a brief study of the reservoir pressure maintenance system and some polymer flooding technologies was carried out, as well as an analysis of the reservoir pressure maintenance system. The importance of the waterflooding system as a method of enhanced oil recovery is indicated; the technological essence of polymer flooding has been determined; shows practically applied polymer flooding schemes; a brief description of the following technologies is given: typical polymer flooding technology; polymer flooding technology carried out at the oil fields of OJSC TNK-Nizhnevartovsk, LLC NPO Neftegaztechnologiya and CJSC Concord; Bright Water polymer flooding technology. The analysis of the reservoir pressure maintenance pipeline system performed in the article is illustrated by practical examples.

10-19

Authors: Maria Musa Mukaddas, Umar Hassan, Fatima M. Abubakar, Ziyaulhaq Haladu

An appraisal of planning and control as management tool for optimum productivity on construction sites was assessed with the view of finding the various ways to establish the best alternative planning and control techniques for some particular kinds of projects. Questionnaires were distributed to professionals. Not all construction firms have a separate planning department, this means that they integrate the planning job into other department, and out of the 43 respondents, none had PhD, while majority had M.Sc. A minimum level of planning tools and procedure use is important but what kind of tools is of no importance. However, the most used planning technique for building projects is the Bar chart/Gantt chart and it was discovered that its choice was due to the reasons being that they are simple and easy to handle and manipulate, flexible and it graphically presents the activities with their start time and dates along with links and overlaps. It is suitable for all kinds of project irrespective of its size and nature. Planning tools like progress curve, line of balance, project evaluation and review techniques (PERT) are almost non-existence. The major challenge encountered on site when implementing the plan is delay in completion of the works and dispute does arise between the construction team. Most planners nowadays use computer Aided software to prepare and design their plan, and the major software used is Microsoft project among others. Furthermore, it encourages project managers to believe that although planning does not guarantee project success, lack of planning will probably guarantee failure. Finally, it was revealed from this research that planning is never an easy undertaking but it requires attention since it helps to achieve success. Similarly, Planning is considered a central element of modern project management, the assumption behind the position is that planning reduces uncertainty and increases the likelihood of project success.

26-32

Authors: Vo Quang Nha, Huynh Thi Thuy Linh, Nikolai I. Gorbachuk, Ngo Xuan Cuong

Recently, metal-oxide-semiconductor structures using silicon dioxide is the most common microelectronic structures. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is used to isolate pole gate dielectric, and it is also the main material used to make stable, high-performance devices of integrated circuits. Electrical parameters at the Si-SiO2 interface created by gamma irradiation depends on the type and penetration of the implanted ions. The paper provides a method of determining the equivalent circuit of a metal-oxide-semiconductor structure to determine its electrical parameters. The structure Al/SiO2/n-Si irradiated by helium ions with energy 5 MeV at fluence 1012 cm-2 are studied to find its equivalent circuit. Result, the structure’s equivalent circuit composing of a resistor and parallel RC circuit in series does not describe the frequency dependence of the electric loss in an alternating current at the frequency range 20 – 3•106 Hz. In the inversion region with voltage U = -40 V, equivalent circuits are developed and implemented in a wide frequency range. These circuits allow us to easily calculate electrical parameters through the frequency dependence of impedance characteristics.