INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-16

Authors: Hefri Yodiansyah *1, Nanik Yuzalmi 2 , Irsyadi Zain

Management of leasing vehicles contributes significantly to amount of transportation driving the supply of fiduciaries fiduciary progress on the streets in Pekanbaru cities, Indonesian state. This development was caused by poor public transport supplies, urban leasing vehicles with fiduciary patterns and poor roads. The use of fiduciary vehicles for public transport in the city of Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia is associated with a high level of accidents both on the side of drivers, drivers and passenger’s fiduciary vehicles. This study investigates the social-economic impact of Pekanbaru city's most likely drivers in the Regional Government areas Indonesian state. Questionnaires were given to samples randomly selected 200 users’ area. Of the 200 questionnaires given, 183 questionnaires were received for analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings show that the majority of commercial fiduciary riders are adults between the ages of 31 and 40 years. Most (72.9%) are married and have sufficient educations. Selected male sexes, 78.6% of the 66 respondents Company guarantees full-time fiduciary vehicles and has operated for more than four years with a general policy pattern. The majority of riders are involved in business because of the urgent need to survive and defend their families. In addition, most motorists do not take the necessary precautions, they are earning consumers and family management even during working hours and this reason has been identified as the main cause of their carelessness.

29-33

Authors: Dr. Vaishnavi Narahari Saka 1 , Dr. Vivek S. Chandurkar

Modern culture and advanced technology have made life comfortable, but it’s given invitation to many diseases. In fast life style of people are leading irregular eating habits, eating outside has become fashion which increased risk of contaminated food and water. All these etiological factors lead to risk of related disorders. Bahupitta kamla is one of important disease. Jaundice is a condition in which yellowness of skin, sclera, mucus membrane, and excretions occurs due to hyperbilirubinemia and depositions of bile pigments. Jaundice is described as kamala vyadhi in Ayurveda. IN ayurvedic samhita description of kamala is given in detail. The description of hepatocellular jaundice is similar to ayurvedic description of kamala vyadhi. Here a case report of a 30 years male having Bahupitta Kamala (Jaundice) who was treated with ayurvedic medicine and some panchakarma which give effective results with ayurvedic management.

41-48

Authors: Dhanabaaghyam. R *1, Keerthini Raga. G. S 2 , Sanjana. S 3 , Suganya. G

Spinach [Amaranthus gangetics] leaves were dried in a tray drier at 55°C and ground to pass through 220µm mesh to obtain spinach powder. Micronutrient is rich in Amaranthus gangetics. The spinach has rich source of vitamin C, folate and minerals. The physico-chemical analysis and sensory evaluation was done to know the acceptability of cookies incorporated with red spinach powder. These were evaluated for sensory analysis that included color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability. The spinach cookies were analyzed for analytical and chemical analysis, which includes moisture content and total ash.

53-71

Authors: Kaskatayeva Bakhytkul

In this article, a model is developed for the formation of the research competence of undergraduate mathematicians at a pedagogical university. Purposeful formation of research competence in the conditions of digitalization, development of theoretical approaches to the use of ICT tools in order to: develop the trainee's personality by involving the trainee in experimental research, forming cognitive interest is one of the most important goals of higher pedagogical education. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for the formation of research competence of studentsmathematicians of a pedagogical university, including the forms, means and methods of its formation; The research uses research methods as a theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the research problem; observation, generalization; As a result, we determined the essence of research competence and developed a model for the formation of research competence (IC) of mathematics students of a pedagogical university, including the forms, means and methods of its formation; To effectively implement the model for the formation of the research competence of the future mathematics teacher, pedagogical conditions have been created that are of great importance for the formation of the research competence of the mathematics teacher. Formation of the IC was conducted through psychological, informativecognitive, practical training.

79-92

Authors: HEALTH LITERACY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE MEDICAL SECRETARIAL TRAINING IN TURKEY

Background: Health literacy has a measure of capacity to access, understand, assess, and apply health information in individuals’ decision-making processes to maintain and improve life-quality quality of life. Research is a descriptive study aiming to determine the health literacy level of medical secretary’ students who are health professionals and the influencing factors of health literacy in the future. Method: The research was conducted between April 30 and June 1, 2018, and the study group consisted of 55 medical secretary students who study in Ankara University Vocational School of Health in Turkey. The participants were given the questionnaire which was composed of 3 sections (socio-demographic information, health status, and the Health Literacy Survey-European Union/HLS-EU scale) and 70 questions used for data collection purposes. Results: The average age of the group was 21.4±4.1. The average score of participants’ general health literacy index was calculated as 33.9±7.42 (n=55). Approximately 70% of participants (n=55) were found to have adequate health literacy. Conclusions: It is very important that the medical secretaries working as secretarial and patient orientation personnel in the health sector are health literate in terms of their own health and health service quality. Health literacy can't be considered independent of the general literacy level. Hence, in the lifelong learning process, individuals need to be supported in school and work life.

96-104

Authors: Tpl. Famakinwa Lawrecno Akin 1 , Tpl. Odogiyon Agunloye

This work appraised residents attitude to domestic solid waste management in selected quarters in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. It identified types of domestic solid waste generated and examined the residents’ perception of waste management at the three selected quarters in Owo which include Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Area, GRA and Iloro Quarters. Data were obtained directly from the targeted population using structured questionnaire and personal observations. The questions provided in the questionnaire were directed to the household population in the area. Meanwhile, photography was used for on-the-spot assessment of the conditions of some domestic solid waste spots in the study area. For the purpose of this research, systematic random sampling technique was adopted in the administration of questionnaire on residents of the three selected quarters in Owo, Ondo State. The univariate techniques of data analysis in form of tables, and photographs which describes the necessary features of the data set. Larger percentage of the respondents emptied their receptacles when it is filled. The research recommended that the federal government of Nigeria should partner with International Development Agencies to improve domestic solid waste management in the area.

116-122

Authors: Osagie, Godwin Nosakhare, Ph.D

Today’s organizations are confronted with the deepest downturn since the great depressions after The World War II. These distortions have necessitated the need for organizations to consider the issue of organizational change. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of strategic change and organizational transformation process in Nigerian organizations; using selected companies from the Telecommunications industry in Nigeria as a case of study. The data collection tool employed by the researcher was the questionnaire approach and the sampling technique employed by the researcher was the Taro Yemmane sampling technique while the hypothesis formulated was tested using the Z-test statistics. The results from the test of the hypothesis showed that strategic change in the Nigerian Telecommunications industry leads to successful organizational transformation. Based on this, the researcher concluded that organizational change can usher in a host of unwelcome and unavoidable side effects and result in the need for the organization to improve productivity, increase morale or re-define the culture of the organization. It was against this backdrop that the researcher recommended that employees need to be allowed to actively take part in meetings and workshops at the onset where the envisaged changes are discussed and management needs to solicit constant feedback from staff throughout the process and take their views into account when restructuring.

137-147

Authors: Osagie, Constance Iyore, Ph.D

The study examined stressors, effects and coping strategies among teachers in secondary schools in Esan Central Senatorial District, Edo State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The proportionate random sampling technique was used to select a total of three hundred and eight (308) teachers representing 50% of the teachers from the entire population of all the six hundred and sixteen (616) public senior secondary school teachers in Esan Central Senatorial Edo State. The research instrument used was a 30–item questionnaire developed by the researcher and titled Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) for teachers. The content validity of this instrument was ensured by experts in Measurement and Evaluation, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma. The test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Descriptive statistics such as mean (X) and standard deviation (S.D) was used to analyze the data collected. The result showed that stress is a cankerworm that emanates from work overload, crowded class conditions, poor working conditions, lack of social support and lack of teaching accessories among others. Based on findings, was concluded that stress lessens teachers’ quality of instructional delivery, lowers teachers’ morale, job satisfaction, job performance and increases attrition among teachers. Hence, it was recommended that teachers in Edo State should always endeavour to manage stress by getting emotional support from others such as more experience teachers who could give them directives on how to manage the current challenges they are facing at school.

156-177

Authors: Aliyu Alhaji Jibrilla

This study addresses the question of financial development and institutional quality influence on the environmental sustainability of some 13 countries from the sub-Saharan Africa. Relying upon pooled mean group (PMG) for panel data, we provide evidence which suggest that both financial development and institutional quality are statistically significant determinants of per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the region. More specifically, we found that without healthy institutions and sound financial system sub-Saharan African countries might not avoid environmental degradation experienced by advanced nations during their early stage of economic progress. Our results also support the EKC hypothesis in the region. In addition, the paper also shows that more openness to FDI inflows is good for the environment across the SSA. These findings suggest the need for institutional and financial service reform that supports robust environmental conservation.

196-205

Authors: Dr. K. Lenin *

This paper presents Harmony Search algorithm (HS) for solving the reactive power problem. Real power loss minimization is the major objective & also voltage profiles are should be kept within the limits. This paper introduces a new search model the harmony search (HS) algorithm is a relatively new population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. It emulates the music improvisation progression where musicians improvise their instruments’ pitch by searching for a perfect state of harmony. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on practical 191 test system & real power loss has been considerably reduced.

212-219

Authors: Dr. K. Lenin

This paper presents an advanced particle swarm optimization Algorithm for solving the reactive power problem in power system. Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) has recently emerged as a very powerful technique for real parameter optimization. In order to overcome the delay in optimization and to further enhance the performance of BFO, this paper proposed a new hybrid algorithm combining the features of BFOA and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) called advanced bacterial foraging-oriented particle swarm optimization (ABFPSO) algorithm for solving reactive power problem. The simulation results demonstrate good performance of the ABFPSO in solving an optimal reactive power problem. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 57 bus system and compared to other algorithms.

239-245

Authors: M. Sudhakar Reddy 1 , T. Byragi Reddy 2 , CH. Venkataramana

Presence of heavy metal concentration in the ground water may cause health problems during intake of through different ways. Present study focused on heavy metal concentration of ground water in the sub-urban areas of Visakhapatnam City, AP, India. Most of heavy metals i.e., Aluminum (Al), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) were analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Mean values of Zn (1.845) > Mn (1.203) > Fe (0.664) > Al (0.334) > Pb (0.245) > Ni (0.082) > Cr (0.066) > As (0.028) > Cd (0.012) > Hg (0.010) results respectively. Results shows that all heavy metal concentrations were exceeded the water quality permissible limit and this area were not suitable for domestic purpose and use before proper treatment.

259-273

Authors: Priyanka Saxena *1, Shefali

Content Based Image Retrieval system automatically retrieves the most relevant images to the query image by extracting the visual features instead of keywords from images. Over the years, several researches have been conducted in this field but the system still faces the challenge of semantic gap and subjectivity of human perception. This paper proposes the extraction of lowlevel visual features by employing color moment, Local Binary Pattern and Canny Edge Detection techniques for extracting color, texture and edge features respectively. The combination of these features is used in conjunction with Support Vector Machine to reduce the retrieval time and improve the overall precision. Also, the challenge of semantic gap between low and high level features is addressed by incorporating Relevance Feedback. Average precision value of 0.782 was obtained by combining the color, texture and edge features, 0.896 was obtained by using combined features with SVM, 0.882 was obtained by using combined features with Relevance Feedback to overcome the challenge of semantic gap. Experimental results exhibit improved performance than other state of the art techniques.

278-290

Authors: Silver J. Hokororo *1, Ernest Kitindi 2 , Francis Michael

Universities in Tanzania as many others in Africa and the globe are faced with the challenge of retaining their academic staff. This study examined the dimensionality and generalization of Job Embeddedness Theory, a promising perspective for understanding employee retention, in the context of academic staff in Tanzania’s universities. A survey of 314 members of academic staff from 2 Public Universities and 3 Private Universities was conducted, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Split Sample Cross Validation were used in determining the appropriate dimensionality and generalizability of Job Embeddedness Model in the context of study, respectively. Results indicated that that job embeddedness in the context of academic staff in Tanzania’s universities is a seven factors model. The results also indicate that seven variables out of 30 in the model were not stable, hence compromising generalizability of the model in the context of the study. It was recommended that, since Job Embeddedness Theory is a developing perspective, the volatile variables should be considered for revision or deletion in the future studies, before a seven-factor Job Embeddedness model is accepted for generalizability to larger population of academic members of staff in Tanzania’s Universities.

301-308

Authors: Sumit Gupta *1, Sumit Pahwa

Our primary goal is to finish layout of stair is to ensure that the shape is safe and most economical in opposition to all feasible loading situations and to fulfill the feature for which they've built. Safety necessities should be in order that the structure is able to serve it cause with the hold fee. Detailed planning of the shape normally comes from several studies made by using city planners, investors, users, architects and different engineers. All the demanding situations faced via structural engineers had been taken as opportunities to develop software program’s together with STAAD-PRO, ETABS & SAFE, SAP etc., with ease of use. Software consisting of STAAD-pro is main commercial software program global for structural evaluation. The design outcomes the usage of STAAD PRO of a Stair case, for each regular and abnormal plan configuration, are used. Reinforced Concrete (RC) building frames are most common sorts of constructions in city India.

321-325

Authors: Dr. Jain Ankita Pravin 1 , Dr. Vivek S. Chandurkar

A 49yrs male patient presenting with udarvriddhi (abdominal distention), dourbalya (gen. weakness), ubhaypadshoth (bilateral pedal edema) diagnosed as Udarvyadhi (ascites) was brought to SSNJ Ayurved Hospital, Solapur.Patient was treated with an integrated approach of ayurveda. According to ayurveda, treatment of is nityavirechana (purgative), agnideepan (increase appetite), balaprapti (stimulant for hepatic function), lepachikitsa, Proper diet (cow milk) and external application of arkapattabandhan (belt made by leaves of Calotropisprocera). Appreciable results were observed in the form of reduction in abdominal girth, decreased pedal edema, increased appetite, increased strength and significant changes in investigations

332-339

Authors: ओमपाल सिंह (शा ेध छात्र)१ , डा॰ हेम ेन्द्र सिंह

शिक्षा मानव जीवन का श्रं ृगार है । शिक्षा के माध्यम से ही व्यक्ति एक विशिष्ट व्यक्तित्व को प्राप्त करन े में सक्षम हो सकता है । अन ेक बार अशिक्षित व्यक्ति भी प्रभावशील होता है; परन्त ु, शिक्षा क े अभाव म ें वह मुख्य रूप से अपन े परिवेश से ही अधिकतम ज ुड़ा हुआ रहता है जिस क े कारण वह अपनी उन विशिष्टताओं का े व्यापक रूप प्रदान करन े में प्रायः अक्षम रहता है जिन से कि वह सम्पूर्ण भारतीय और विदेशी नागरिकों को लाभ पहुँचा सक े । वर्तमान वैश्विक परिदृश्य यह संकेत करता है कि वह देश वैश्विक धरातल पर टिका नहीं रह सकता जिस के नागरिक शिक्षा से वंचित हैं । भारतीय परिप्रेक्ष्य में बच्चों की शिक्षा से सम्बन्धित अन ेक समस्याएँ दृष्टिगोचर हो रही हैं, जिस के कारण भारतीय समाज का प्रत्येक वर्ग समान रूप से विकसित नहीं हो रहा है । अन ेक शासकीय योजनाओं क े पश्चात भी बच्चों की शिक्षा से सम्बन्धित समस्याएँ पूर्ववत ही हैं और भारतीय बौद्धिक सम्पदा में कमी हो रही है ।

351-355

Authors: Md. Shahjahan Ali 1 , S. M. Mizanur Rahman 1 , Abu Mohammad 1 , Shyamal Baran Saha 1 , S.A.M. Arif-Ul-Haque 1 , Ms. Nazma 2 , Ashfaque Ahmed 3

This study has been carried out to distinguish the changing pattern of land use and its geoenvironmental impacts on of Nachole Upazila of Chapai Nawabganj District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. This study investigated the changes in land-use and land cover of Nachole Upazila. Satellite images were analyzed to detect changes in land use and land-cover in the last 34 years in Barind tract of Nachole Upazila of Bangladesh. The Increase of vegetation cover and changes in land use pattern has been investigated using remote sensing satellite data. Digital analysis found the significant changes, particularly on the burned land that has been transformed mostly into vegetation (Rahman & Rahman, 2007). The study found that during the last 34 years (1983-2016) 26,484.9 hectares of the bare soil area has been converted into Garden and 5306.4 hectares to settlement. The main objectives of the study were to find out the landuse changing patterns and its Geo-environmental impacts due to these changes on Nachole Upazilla of Chapai Nawabgonj District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

364-372

Authors: Kouassi Kouadio Henri 1 , Kouassi Roland Hervé 2 , Amon Ano Denis-Esdras

The threat which is on the forests and wooded spaces of Africa and particularly those of Côte d'Ivoire is accentuated over the years. The quoted leading causes are the land pressure related to demography, the anarchistic exploitation of the forest woody plants and itinerant agriculture. In many cases, the afforestation is the recommended palliative measure. But with which woody plants does one retimber in Côte d'Ivoire? Which assessment are previous initiatives made? On several occasions the exotic woody plants with rapid growth were used without success. The main objective of this study is to identify local woody plants with rapid growths of which the use will contribute to a significant degree to fast regeneration of our forests, degraded spaces and the postfarming fallow. Floristic inventories and measurements were carried out on the stems of Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia in elementary plots of 400 m ² (20m X 20m). Two local arborescent Leguminous plants with rapid growth were identified for this purpose. They were: Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia. The experiments showed that these species reach the maximas of their growth in height and thickness as from nine (9) years. The sowing of the fallow and/or spaces degraded by these woody species supports the fast regeneration of these degraded spaces

385-394

Authors: Babajide P.A. *1 , Akinrinola T. B. 2 , Oyeyiola Y.B. 1 , Okoro-Robinson M.O. 3 , Salami T.B. 4 , Adesina Adedayo 5 , Akindeere A. A. 1

Under intensive cropping systems in the tropics, application of chemical fertilizers becomes an apparently indispensable means of replenishing the rapidly depleting soil nutrients. However, the reported side effects of continuous application of synthetic fertilizers on soil and man are now a major concern. Hence, determination of the potentials of some easily exploitable natural or organic-based fertilizer material(s), which can effectively compete with the commonly used synthetic fertilizers like NPK 15-15-15, is a worthwhile scientific approach, not towards improved performance of versatile arable crop like maize, but also for total eradication or alleviation of chemical inputs on tropical soils. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farms, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, in the year 2017, to comparatively determine the effects of NPK fertilizer and some selected organic-based fertilizer / ammendments on growth, yield and nutrient uptakes of maize (Zea mays). Six treatments were introduced, T0 (the control which received no fertilizer application), T1 (NPK fertilizer application), T2 (Tithonia compost application), T3 (Organomineral fertilizer application), T4 (Poultry manure application) and T5 (Cow dung application). All fertilizers were applied at recommended rates. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated thrice. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, and were subjected to analysis of variance. Means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. Application of different fertilizer materials significantly improved maize performance and nutrient uptakes, compared to the control. Organomineral fertilizer application produced the highest values of most of the growth and yield parameters measured. Although, the values obtained were mostly not significantly different from other fertilizer materials tested (except for cow dung, which was in some cases, significantly lower in values than other fertilizers tested, but significantly higher than the control (which steadily had the least values of all the parameters measured). Such significant increments may be due to the cherished attributes of organomineral fertilizer (some its nutritious fractions may be rapidly released while remaining fractions may be slowly released, over a long period of time). Hence, application of organomineral is therefore recommended. This will considerably reduce chemical loads on the soil in the study area. Meanwhile, in order to be purely organic in maize production, either composted tithonia or poultry manure is recommended for the study area. This will not only prevent total dependence on harmful and highly priced chemical fertilizers, but may promote improved soil nutrition and hygienic crop productivity.

407-420

Authors: Professor Dr. H. Muntholib SM, MS 1 , Professor Dr. Maisah M.Pd. I 1 , Dr. Maryani S.Ag, M.HI 1

Management of Islamic Boarding Schools in the Development of Islamic Education in Jambi Province. Dissertation, Management of Islamic Education / Postgraduate Program of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi Islamic University, 2018. The purpose of this study was to find out about Islamic boarding schools that have not been effective in the development of Islamic Education in Jambi Province due to interenal and external factors, want to know and find planning ), organizing, implementing actuating and controlling Islamic boarding schools in the development of Islamic Religious Education in Jambi Province, and wanting to know about the concept of Islamic boarding school development in Islamic Education in Jambi Province. The research approach used is a qualitative approach to the type of case study. It is hoped that the image will be raised about quality, social reality, the perception of the target researchers. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study have not been effective, because of internal and external factors that exist in Islamic boarding schools in the development of Islamic Religious Education. Planning the management of Islamic boarding schools has been based on clear objectives, but not optimal, there is no maximum human and financial resources. Organizing at the Islamic Boarding School is functional, the division of labor has been achieved, the work guidelines are not optimal, and leaders of Islamic boarding schools often delegate to Deputy leaders, because the Kyai are not daily at the pesantren. The management of Islamic boarding schools has cooperated with stakeholders, has not produced graduates above national standards, the committee is not optimal, guidance is not optimal and there are rewards and funmenmen. Supervision of Islamic Boarding School management for maximal absenteeism, optimal information, active computerized system, pesantren website is less active, six-month meetings are less optimal, once a year meeting are optimal, active in motivation and active in clarification and correction. The concept of development is the design of developing something that already exists in order to improve the quality of more advanced. Recommendations The results of this dissertation research, researchers recommend specifically to: Leaders and Managers of the Zulhijjah Muara Bulian Islamic Boarding School in Batanghari, Syekh Maulana Qori Merangin Leaders and Pesantren, Head of the Ministry of Religion Jambi Province and Leaders of Non-Formal Education Institutions, and Community Organizations

434-441

Authors: Doraswamy Naick B. R , Venkateswara Rao Bavisetti

This Article to express the role of Web based information services of Civil and Mechanical Engineering faculty of University College of Engineering Autonomous Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada the Researcher has used the survey method to collect data from the University College of Engineering Autonomous faculty especially Regular Library users. The faculty are processed technically and tabulated as to the variables of the concerned topic of online resources.

451-457

Authors: F. Sini , I. M Atadashi

Biodiesel was prepared through alkali-catalysed transesterification of neem seed oil using sodium hydroxide as catalyst and ethanol. This process of was carried out firstly throuch eserification and then via transesterification. The process was carried out by varying stirring speed (350, 450, 550, 650, 750 and 850 rpm.) and keeping other variables constant (temperature of 60oC, catalyst concentration of 1w/w% and 6:1 oil to ethanol molar ratio). In this research work, a yield of 93w/w% was achieved at the stirring speed of 850 rpm. It was observed that the viscosity (3.73mm2 /s at 400C) of neem oil methylester generated was within the limit (2-6mm2 /s) specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials Standards. The density of neem biodiesel at ambient temperature (250C) was found to be 0.85g/ml, which is exactly close to the density of diesel (0.83g/ml). The Flash Point of the neem oil biodiesel produced was 153.60C which above the ASTM D6751 minimum standards for biodiesel fuel of 130oC. Furthermore, Neem oil biodiesel has a pour point of -4 0C and a cloud point of 20C. These values clearly indicate that the use of neem oil methyl esters in colder regions is limited. However, this value is also indicative of the high potential of this fuel as biodiesel particularly in Northern Nigeria where temperature is always above 20oC, a temperature at which the oil is fluid.

478-486

Authors: Daniela Cipu , Dan Simion Cipu , Agneta Maria Pusztai , Anca Alexandra Matusz

Bronchopulmonary neoplasm is the first cause of cancer mortality in the world and a major public health problem, affecting 17% of men and 12% of women; in this context it is very important and necessary to establish the correct diagnosis in the early stages of the disease in order to initiate the required surgical therapy [1].

497-504

Authors: Alofoje Unuigboje

Steel Complex constitutes the substratum of industrialization, without which attempts at industrial development remain a pipe dream, bleeding resources of a nation and ensuring the transfer of resources to the declination of developmental efforts.

520-534

Authors: Awad O. Mohamed , Adam A. Mater , Ahmed M.A. Hammad , Abd Elaziz S.A. Ishag Ali M. Eldein , Elsadig M. Eltayeb , Asia A. Dahab , Ahmed Abdul Gader , Azhari O. Abdelbagi

A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Khartoum State to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of farmers towards pesticide residues on the vegetables grown in greenhouses. Fourteen farmers from seven localities of Khartoum State were selected and interviewed. The results revealed that majority of farmers (92.9%) between the age of 25 and 45 years old, while only one farmer (7.1%) was aging more than 45 years old. Regarding the educational level, the study showed that 20% were illiterates, whereas 40% had completed secondary high school, and 40% were university graduates. Almost 93 % of them obtained training on pesticide use, handling, wear personal protective equipment and follow the instructions of the labels when using each pesticide. But unfortunately, 57% of them didn’t know that the pesticide’s residues can remain on the vegetables. Results also demonstrated that 92.8% of farmers showed poor practices regarding the disposal of empty pesticides containers. The study indicated that 71.4% of farmers were collecting their vegetables three days after spraying, while 28.6% were collecting after two days. These poor practices may lead to high concentration of pesticides’ residues on the vegetables thus endangering the health of consumers.

1-15

Authors: Ruan Renzong , An Ru , Moussa Aliou Keita

This paper analyzes the impacts of urban sprawl on arable land loss in Bamako district from 1990 to 2018 by using remote sensing and geographic information science capabilities. The analysis was based on satellite images classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 1990, 2000, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 2010, Landsat 8 Operational Land Image and Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) image for 2018 to show land use and cover changes, in particular arable land loss. The results showed a significant evolution of land use and land cover and important arable land loss. From 1990 to 2018, the construction has increased by 73.06% while arable land decreased by 55.39%. The results also revealed that urban sprawl has exceeded the administrative boundaries of Bamako and is continuing in neighboring municipalities. This article recommends the adoption of legal measures, the development of urban development master plan, and close collaboration with different actors involve in land management for better management of arable land and urban sprawl. Finally, for a global understanding of the phenomenon in the urban area of Bamako, the study suggests a more in-depth study of a global approach to urban sprawl in the Bamako district, taking into account the surrounding rural communes, which affect today greatly the urban sprawl of Bamako.

25-32

Authors: Dr. Dhalpe Suchita Jayant , Dr. Vivek S. Chandurkar

Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous follicle characterized by noninflammatory (open and closed comedowns) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, and nodules). There are four major factors involved in the disease production viz. increased sebum production, cornification of pilosebaceous ducts, microbial involvement and inflammation. This condition is found commonly in puberty. In Ayurveda, it is termed as Mukhadushika In Ayurveda Mukhadushika is described under the heading of Kshudrarogas. The Shalmali thorn like eruption on the face due to vitiation of Kapha, Vata and Rakta which are found on the face of adolescent are called as Mukhadushika or YuvanPidika. Although vata, kapha and rakta are mentioned as dosha-duṣya involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, pittaja symptoms are also found in the disease like daha and paka. Patient was suffering from Acne over face (Pidika), Burning sensation over face (Daha), Itching over face (Kandu), and Discolouration of skin (Vaivarnya) since 6 months. Patient was treated with jalukavacharan and mahamanjishtadi kwath.

41-50

Authors: Dr. K. Lenin

In this paper, Adapted Flower Pollination (AFP) algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. Flower pollination algorithm has been improved by comprising of the elements of chaos theory, Shuffled frog leaping search and Levy Flight. In the AFP algorithm, the initial population is generated using the circle map, frog leaping local search is performed by each solution and when rand>p, modified Levy flight with integration of inertia weight in global pollination is performed on that particular solution. Proposed AFP algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.

57-68

Authors: Tamirneh Kifle

Water scarcity, erratic rainfall distribution and better management of water are the most sever constraint for the development of agriculture. To cope with scarce supplies, deficit irrigation is an important tool to achieve the goal of reducing irrigation water use and increase water use efficiency (WUE) under scarce water resources. This research was carried out at Southern Agricultural Research Institute of Areka Agricultural Research Center of Hubo Woreda in farmers’ fields during 2016/2017–2017/2018 to identify the level of deficit irrigation which allow achieving optimum Tomato yield. The experimental design was arranged in RCBD with four treatments with three replications. The irrigation treatments were 100 % ETc, 85 % ETc, 75 % ETc and 50 % ETc. The result showed that a maximum fruit yield of 43.4 ton/ha was obtained under full irrigation. A deficit irrigation strategy applied at 85%, 70% of crop water requirement gives relatively better fruit yield i.e. 34.2 ton/ha and 32.1 ton/ha. For Tomato in water scarce area applying 85% and 70% of crop water requirement is recommended with a minimum reduction of yield.

84-92

Authors: Abraham A Embi Bs

Biomagnetic research is the study of living entities (plants or animals) weak magnetic emissions. The purpose of this manuscript is to present a historical review and evolution of techniques introduced with the purpose of demonstrating bioelectromagnetic emissions of living tissue; as well as its potential uses in medical research. This will be accomplished by revisiting prior research papers. The hair follicle has been described as a miniorgan, having cellular divisions, thus metabolism. As previously described “metabolism entails electron transfers in both plants (photosynthesis and respiration) and animals (cellular respiration) involving movement of electrons from donor to acceptor along the electron transfer chain thus inducing a current within each cell and from cell to cell. According to Faraday’s Law and the Hall Effect, these currents induce electromagnetic fields (EMFs) perpendicular and horizontal, respectively, to the plane of the living tissues”. Originally the recordings entailed use of complex magnetic shielding and instrumentation. Recently, two tabletops microscopy techniques were introduced, the first using a Prussian Blue Technique mixed with fine iron particles (2000 nanometers in diameter), the second utilizes a three-tier methodology, where cross species magnetic profiles compatibilities are recorded. The utility and medical applications of the two tabletop techniques are discussed

105-113

Authors: Dr. K. Lenin

This paper proposes Improved Brain Storm Optimization (IBSO) algorithm is used for solving reactive power problem. predictably, optimization algorithm stimulated by human being inspired problem-solving procedure should be highly developed than the optimization algorithms enthused by collective deeds of ants, bee, etc. In this paper, a new Improved brain storm optimization algorithm defined, which was stimulated by the human brainstorming course of action. In the projected Improved Brain Storm Optimization (IBSO) algorithm, the vibrant clustering strategy is used to perk up the k-means clustering process & exchange of information wrap all ideas in the clusters to accomplish suitable searching capability. This new approach leads to wonderful results with little computational efforts. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed Improved Brain Storm Optimization (IBSO) algorithm, has been tested standard IEEE 30 bus test system and compared to other standard reported algorithms. Simulation results show that Improved Brain Storm Optimization (IBSO) algorithm is superior to other algorithms in reducing the real power loss.

130-135

Authors: Abraham A. Embi Bs

The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce a mechanism that could be applied to the “Iron Atherosclerosis Hypothesis”. Published data from eleven countries clearly indicate that the mortality from cardiovascular diseases is correlated with liver iron, thus the hypothesis. The bridging field of biomagnetism is herein presented as a tool for the scientific explanation for this illness. Atherosclerosis is a disease directly linked to high mortality and morbidity due to a several risks factors; and in spite of several behavioral modifications and drug therapy the prevalence of the disease continues. Amongst one of the factors influencing the disease progression is high iron levels in blood. Studies show post-menopausal women having a greater incidence of vascular disease that were correlated with higher levels of stored iron in this population. It has been stated that like any other theory in cardiovascular medicine, the iron-atherosclerosis hypothesis will undergo many trials and tribulations before it is proven or refuted. This manuscript re-introduces documentation of an intrinsic property of in vivo human tissue, which is attracting very fine iron particles. It must be noted that iron is a paramagnetic material, therefore attracted to a magnetic field.

146-158

Authors: D.C. Naskar , M.K. Rai

The state of Madhya Pradesh in Central India is known to bear ‘A’ grade coal seams within Gondwana basin. An alluvium-covered area to the north-east of Shahdol was considered to be prospective for the exploration of coal. A number of basic intrusive are encountered in the area and these appear to have played an important role for enhancement of the rank of coal seams. Delineation of the geometry and spatial distribution of these basic bodies has therefore become necessary for exploration of high rank coal seams. Magnetic and resistivity surveys were mainly carried out. Geologically, the alluvium covered area was known to be composed of rocks of different ages such as Precambrian, Gondwana Triassic, Cretaceous (trap) and older alluvium in succession. Gondwana basins are formed over basement depressions or in the downthrown side of the faulted Precambrian. Gondwana sediments lying over such basement sub-basins are prospective areas for the exploration of coal. The magnetic map was vitiated through the presence of high amplitude and small wavelength anomalies due to a thick blanket of basic bodies lying above the Gondwana sediments. Fluctuations in magnetic responses are observed at a few locations which may be due to the presence of basement faults? Low intensity but distinct anomaly patterns are observed in the south-western part of the area possibly indicating subsurface basic intrusive. 2D modeling of the magnetic data has effectively brought out the basement depth varying between 680 m to 1460 m an increasing trend from west to east. Selected resistivity soundings confirm that the overlying high resistivity layer (107-390 Ohm-m) and of thickness (0.7-386.3 m) may possibly indicate the geometry of basic bodies from the surface to depth of 547.5 m. The basement could not be picked up.

168-171

Authors: Dr. Nishi Arora , Dr. Praveen Kumar

The author first introduces emotion, later adding that the essence of the Ancient psychology and psychology of contemporary times are practically similar to a fault disregarding the discrepancies in languages and terms. The paper is condensed to the pathology behind emotional disruptions, the general principal of combating the same and prevention of emotional imbalance (deviation of emotional intelligence). EQ is said to be objectively more important than IQ in many ways according to the reasoning that emotional intelligence is tied to cognition and emotional imbalance can create difficulties in the social and individual lives of people, causing reduction in productivity. The root causes of emotional imbalances are the imbalance of the three elements of mind: Sattva (similar to Super ego), Rajas (similar to Ego) and Tamas (similar to Id). Charak Samhita has explained the origin of Emotional turmoil, and various techniques to prevent and treat them. Shrimad Bhagwad Gita is a universal philosophy that has touched almost every aspect of human psychology, especially emotions.

179-188

Authors: डॉ. शहाबुद्दीन

वेणुगोपाल हिन्दी कहवता मेंहवहिष्ट पिचान रखतेिैं। मोिभंग के वातावरण और सामाहिक यथास्थथहत का आपकी कहवता पर प्रभाव पड़ा। अकहवता की ओर उन्मुख हुए। परंतुिीघ्र िी आपको उसकी प्रहतगाहमता का बोध हुआ। पररणामस्वरूप प्रगहतिील धारा की ओर उन्मुख हुए। यथाथथकी िमीन नेभहवष्य के सुन्दर-सुखद स्वप्ोंको आकार हदया। आपकी कहवता साधारणिन की आिाओं, स्वप्ों, अनुभूहतयों, संवेदनाओंको रूपाकार देती िै। यि उपेहितों- श्रहमकों के प्रहत संवेदना रखतेहुए भी मध्यवगीय कमिोररयों को उिागर करती िैऔर सत्ता के हवरुद्ध मोचेबन्द कारथवािी की प्रस्तावक िै। यि उसके दमन-िोषण-हिंसा का प्रहतकार करतेहुए भी भहवष्य के सुनिरेस्वप् बााँटती िै। इसमेंसत्ता सेमोचेबन्द कारथवािी करतेयुवाओंिेतुरणनीहत और रणकौिल की सामग्री मौिूद िै। किीं-किींयि बहुत हवचारोत्तेिक िैऔर सामाहिक-रािनीहतक यथाथथको रोचक ढंग सेअहभव्यक्त करती िै। इसमेंििााँसंवाद-िैली मौिूद िैविीाँइसकी सांके हतकता बहुआयामी िै। यि कहवता व्यंग्यात्मक मुद्रा लेकर मीहिया की भूहमका को भी प्रश्ांहकत करती िै।

196-213

Authors: Umunna J Reuben , Koju Hiraki , Miyamoto Shohei

Over the last three decades and a half, there has been huge effort to develop high performance propellers suitable for flight in the rarefied Mars atmosphere. This paper describes work undertaken in validating vortex theory in the design of a 2-bladed heavily loaded propeller with a solidity of ≈0.25 and chord based Reynolds number of ≈60k (calculated at 75% radius) at design point. The design was based on minimum induced propeller losses and lifting line theory. 2Dairfoil experiment data of SD7037 collected at Reynolds number of 60k was used for the entire blade design. At design advance ratio, more than 50% of the entire blade radius operated between 40k – 60k Reynolds numbers. A design goal of the propeller was to minimize variation in Reynolds number from hub to tip radius. Wind tunnel tests carried out at Kyushu Institute of Technology were performed in two (2) ways: constant angular velocity and changing airflow velocity over the propeller, and constant airflow velocity and changing propeller angular velocity. The fabricated propeller showed good agreement in efficiency for both test cases. However, considerable discrepancy was observed between theory and experiment in thrust and power. Investigation showed that non-linearity associated with airfoil aerodynamic data not captured by linearization result in a less representative modeling of the airfoil force coefficient and consequently, discrepancy in propeller performance between theory and experiment.

218-225

Authors: Afsaneh Torkashvand , Dr. Mahmood Ghayyoum Zadeh Kharanaghi , Dr. Abbas Ali Heidari

Expediency is one of the titles which have important statuses in the Islamic jurisprudence and its association with religious decrees is clarified while determining its concept and it specifies the authorities of the prudent leader. Expedient (Maslahat) in the view of Islam is defined as to do anything for the sake of material and spiritual benefit of the individual and society. Islamic religions do believe that Expedient (Maslahat) plays an essential role in the interpretation of the law, but there is some disagreement over its scope. Most jurisprudents consider expediency to be effective in divine rules when it is based on the expedients, and its purpose is to achieve expedients that can changed as according to the requirements of time and place. Examining and implementing this in the affairs of society is one of the duties that the Islamic ruler should observe. Therefore, it is necessary that the ruler considers the expedient in community management and use it as a key to solving problems and removing the obstacles. The present research project tries to examine the role of expedient in implementing the provincial leadership and seeks to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between the community leadership and the welfare state? How can the Islamic ruler utilize this rule? Another purpose is to explain this relationship as a solution and a key to solve the problems of the society including the conflict of the rules, which mainly deals with the jurisprudential texts in a qualitative way with an analytical attitude. Various research on leadership and expediency has been done separately, but it seems that the link between these two has not been mentioned yet. So, it seems necessary to carry out a new research on this issue to answer the questions raised in relation to these two categories.

1-9

Authors: Dr.K. Lenin

In this paper, an Improved Tabu Search (ITS) algorithm has been proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. In this work Tabu Search- has been hybridized with Simulated Annealing algorithm to solve the optimal reactive power problem. Hybridization of these two algorithms improves the exploration & exploitation capabilities during the search. Proposed Improved Tabu Search (ITS) algorithm has been tested in Standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems & real power loss has been comparatively reduced with voltage profiles are within the limits.

16-22

Authors: Hadeel Mohamed 1 , Fatima Fadl 2 , Mohamed Osman Elamin 3 , A. Mobasher Faraj 4

The descriptive study was conducted in East Nile locality in the period of September to December 2017 to assess the water and environmental sanitation services of primary education instituations (Khalwa). Unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient hygiene practices account for an estimated 9.1 percent of the global burden of disease and 6.3 percent of all deaths. The study aimed to assess the healthy environment, the availability of water supply and water servicesin khalwas, the ways of collection and disposal of solid waste and health awareness among students towards personal hygiene. The students (384students) selected randomly from (5135students) and the data was collected by questionnaire and checklist from 4khalwas. The study results revealed that (96.4%) of students their education level is just khalwa, (32.8%) of students don’t know the important of personal hygiene, (50%) of khalwas the source of water is wells, (50%) of khalwas don’t have containers for solid waste and it’s burning solid waste and (75%) of khalwas have just two meals per day. The study was recommended that to increase the awareness of students towards personal hygiene, provision of containers and cars for solid waste in each khalwas, providing network for drinking water and for wastewater and increase the number of rooms according to the number of students.

28-44

Authors: Pradeep Raja K.P. *1 , Suresh Ramaswwamy Reddy 2

India as a tropical country, depends solely on south west Monsoon. Southwest monsoon spans between June and September. The present study is aimed to carry out the probable trend of rainfall and to evaluate its implications on the tanks in Hunsur taluk of Mysore district, Karnataka, India. These tanks were the livelihood sources of water for the farmers in the command area. The lakes considered under this case study have been completely dried up in the recent past. Inconsistency of rainfall is one of the factors which govern the degradation of Lakes. Trend analysis is carried on 40 years daily rainfall data (1975-2014) for monthly, seasonal and annual average values using Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimation. The analysis shows ‘no trend’ for the months of January, February, March and June. There is an ‘increasing trend’ for the months of August, October and December. However, there is a ‘decreasing trend’ for the months of April, May, July, September and November. The decadal variation indicates a very significant decrease of rainfall for the months of June and July; particularly in the recent decade (2005-2014) and hence a ‘negative trend’ in the South-West monsoon. This may be one of the reasons for the deterioration of tanks in the study area.

52-64

Authors: dr.sc Senada Nezirović *

The climate of the north-eastern Bosnia belongs to the moderate continental type, where there are certain specifics caused by relief, geographic position, proximity to the Pannonian basin, mountain central massif and the distance from the Adriatic Sea. The area of northeastern Bosnia has similar climate characteristics as well as the countries of Central Europe: warm summers, cold winters, chilly autumn and rainy spirng. The climate of northeastern Bosnia is influenced by a series of factors that determine all of its elements: air temperature, humidity, air pressure and sunshine duration. This paper analyzes the basic climatic elements of the Northeastern Bosnia region. During the field research, the emphasis was placed on climate tourism motives and their role in spatial organization and development of tourism. On the basis of a shorter analysis, we tried to distinguish tourist areas and facilities with the dominant function of tourism, in which tourism can become a dominant economic activity.

76-84

Authors: Amerjaphil Louie A. Vidal *1 , Anthony B. San Pedro 2 , Freyanne A. Redoble 3 , Mildred M. Bermudez 4

This paper determined the level of awareness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiaries on Climate Change and their level of participation in climate change adaptation and mitigation. The study is anchored on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The study utilized a descriptive survey method. The participants of the study are sixty-one (61) 4Ps Parent-Leaders from the twenty-two (22) barangays of Municipality of Llanera, Nueva Ecija. The results showed that 4Ps beneficiaries are aware of the effects of climate change but their participation to adapt and mitigate its effects are not always observed due to inadequate resources, technology and lack of support from the local government. The study showed the need to evaluate the 4Ps beneficiaries on the application of Family Development Session topics regarding Climate Change. The study may provide baseline data for the formulation of local policies and programs for participatory climate change adaptation and mitigation.

115-120

Authors: Vikash Saini

The evaluation of financial health is very useful for financial managers, investors and other users. In this study it is tried to know whether Z score model is able to evaluate financial health of Chambal Fertilizers and Chemicals ltd for past 10 years (2007-08 to 2016-17). Analysis of this paper shows that the model is useful to know the financial soundness of Chambal Fertilizers. In this paper overall results of Z score model indicating that the financial position of the corporation is on alert to exercise the caution. These result shows that Altman model can give good analysis for fertilizers sector in India. Hence it can be concluded that user of financial statements like financial managers, analysts, investors etc can predict business failure or financial soundness of companies through Altman Z score model.

132-141

Authors: Dr.K. Lenin

In this paper, Amplified Ant Colony (AAC) algorithm has been proposed for solving optimal reactive power problem. Mutation of Genetic algorithm (GA) is used in Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) and the output of the GA is given as an input to the ACA. The proposed Amplified Ant Colony (AAC) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the superior performance of the proposed Amplified Ant Colony (AAC) algorithm in reducing the real power loss & voltage profiles are within the limits.

151-158

Authors: Rosemary I. Eneji 1 , Attah Frank Mbeh

The worsening state of poverty among rural farmers in Nigeria’s Cross River State has attracted great concern from government and its agencies but farmers’ perception of poverty and welfare is little understood. In this study, it was determined whether and how the social variables of income, healthcare and education affect farmers’ perception of poverty and welfare in Boki Local government area. Primary data were derived from one hundred (100) respondents, randomly drawn from the study area using standard questionnaires and analysed using the chi-square technique. There was a significant direct relationship between income level, health care, education and nutrition on one hand and welfare of farmers on the other. Evidence from this field study strongly suggests that poverty alleviation programmes and infrastructural projects should be extended to rural areas for improved welfare and livelihood. However, farmers do not necessarily perceive poverty based only on the variables studied.

164-178

Authors: M.B. Suvarchala *1 , Prof.V. Narasimha Rao

The competition among the organizations in financial services sector is continuously increasing. Banking industry is a backbone of nation’s economy and it is one of the largest industries in India in terms of revenue and employment. The banking structure played a major role in the mobilisation of savings and promoting economic development. The intensity of customer-organisation relationship has changed dramatically over time. Customer experience is the product of an interaction between an organisation and a customer over the duration of their relationship. The key elements like strategy, culture, processes and systems etc. impact the CEM in banks. The antecedents like customer knowledge management, satisfaction, trust and loyalty influence the CEM in organizations. This paper is an attempt to trace out the elements of CEM and the various factors leading to the neglect of CEM in banking sector.

185-190

Authors: Dr. Aprana Pankaj Thapliyal 1 , Dr. Kalpana Denge

Indralupta (Alopecia Areata) is not life threatening disorder but it definitely affects the quality of life like impairing psychological well-being thus affecting mental and social status of person due to bald patch. It is characterized by smooth, circumscribed bald patch on the hair bearing area. The risk of allopathic treatment outweighs their benefits. Indralupta is considered under Kshudraroga by most of the authors of classical Ayurvedic texts. Safety and efficacy of Dravanti beeja lepa in regeneration of hair in Indralupta is assessed through present study. Prospective open randomized single-arm clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients showing classical symptoms of Indralupta. A Skin patch test has been done prior to apply the lepa for safety assessment. The Dravanti beeja lepa was given for local application twice a day over a period of 28 day. Indralupta was found to be more prevelant in males. Intake of Amla, Katu and lavana Rasa, non-vegetarian diet, stress factor and use of cosmetics could be considered as etiological factor of Indralupta. On regular use of Dravanti beeja lepa, regeneration of hair was also observed to significant level. Thus, Dravanti beeja lepa proved its safety and efficacy for topical application.

200-209

Authors: Tamrat Dina Teressa

The intention of educational authorities in different level is to implement active learning in Educational institutions including higher education institutions. Consequently, the need for this research was to examine the Practice and challenges of active learning: practical implications in Gambella University. The objective of researcher to undertake this research was to identify whether his on the right track in his teaching and to examine the practice and challenges of active learning practical implication. In order to achieve the objectives of the action research, the researcher has collected primary data directly from the class students to obtain tangible data from respondents. The researcher used questionnaire to collect quantitative data from 30 students which incorporates 50% of the class. The researcher was used both close-ended and open-ended questionnaire for this study. Since there is no previous research study conducted concerning the practices and challenges of active learning in the under consideration, the proportion of a target population was taken from 3rd year management department students. The finding depicts that most of students are not interested in active learning method, Students are in high satisfaction in their existing entrepreneurship learning, The respondents are very interesting in individual learning rather than group or cooperative learning, Most of students are interested in lecture method learning maximum number of students were agree that the existing lecture speed of presentation was fast, More than half of the respondents were agree that the existing way of teaching entrepreneurship was understandable. And Maximum number of students were agreed that the existing evaluation technique can measure students’ performance.

216-222

Authors: Dr. Bhavin Derashri *1 , Dr. Paresh A. Katariya 2 , Dr.Rupali Gatfane 3

The word ‘Kushta’ is a broad term, which covers almost all the skin diseases. Kushtha is produced invariably by the vitiation of the seven factors i.e. 3 Doshas and 4 Dushyas But different types of pain, colour, shape, specific manifestation etc. are found in Kushtha because of Anshanshakalpana of the Doshas. Accordingly, Charaka explained Kushthas are in fact of innumerable types, but for systemic study they are classified into two major groups 7 Maha Kushtha & 11 Kshudra Kushtha. Ekakushtha is one of the Kshudra Kushtha. It is the prime among the Kshudra Kushtha, hence Bhavaprakasha mention it as Ekakushtha. Almost all symptoms are vata-kapha predominant & even tri dosha involvement and for this Shodhana Chikitsa i.e. vamana and virechana are the best line of treatment. We can use these modality as per requirement. Kandu get relieved completely (100 ٪) in all both the groups. Low effect was seen in Aswedanam i. e. (33.33٪), Matsyashalklopama was reduced and shows 83.33٪ relief, Rukshata shows 91.66٪ relief. Highly significant result found after shodhan (Vamana & Virechana) & marked improvement was seen in group A & B. it shows overall ayurvedic modality gives very good result in Ekakushtha

234-247

Authors: Joyjit Sanyal 1 , Dr. Sujit Sikidar

Labour plays a very important role in the industrial production of the country. The human resource managers are concerned with the management of people at work. It is necessary to secure the cooperation of labour force in order to increase the production and earn higher profits. The cooperation of labour force is possible only when they are fully satisfied with their employer and the working conditions on the job. In the past, industrialists and the employers believed that their only duty towards their employees was to pay them satisfactory wages and salaries. But in due course of time, in addition to providing monetary benefits, human treatment given to employees started to play a very important role in seeking their co-operation. Labour or employee welfare activities benefit not only the workers but also the management in the form of greater industrial efficiency. The welfare activities pay a good dividend in the long run, because they contribute a lot towards the health and efficiency of the workers and towards a high morale. On the other hand, social security has come up as a dynamic concept which is considered in all advanced countries of the world as an indispensable chapter of the national programme. Social security is that security which the society furnishes through appropriate organisation against certain risks or certain contingencies to which its members are exposed. These risks are essentially contingencies against which the individual cannot afford by his small means and by his ability or foresight alone. As the name stands for general well- being of the people it is the duty of the state to promote social security which may provide the citizens with benefits designed to prevent or cure disease, to support him when he is not able to earn and to restore him to gainful activity. The state as an employer has provided for certain measures for the welfare and social security of the labourers, who contribute towards the economic development of a country and in this regard, the government has to see towards the proper implementation of such measures to maintain a harmonious industrial relation on the one side and on the other hand towards the upliftment of the members of the society. Thus, there arise the vital needs for the detailed assessments of the measures so provided, its quality of implementation so far and the level of satisfaction of the same among the different class of employees. The present study acts as a working paper with an objective to gather the opinion of the organized workforce in the Central Public Sector Enterprises with regards to their acceptance and satisfaction level of the various ‘Employees welfare and Social Security’ measures by the employers.

263-271

Authors: Abraham A Embi Bs

Hair Follicles have been described as mini-organs having a wide range of functions and relying in tightly regulated molecular signaling for its metabolism, and extensively described to emit biomagnetic fields (BMFs). The ubiquitous enzyme catalase is essential for the eukaryotic cells to maintain toxic Reactive Oxygen Species (such as H2O2) in equilibrium. This manuscript presents a novel optical microscopy technique that utilizes a glass slide sandwich (SDW) where drops of fresh human blood are trapped. Drops of water are placed on the top slide of the SDW, in which a freshly plucked human hair follicle is immersed. In this experimental model, is shown that in water immersed follicles, BMFs interact with the intrinsic BMFs of the blood, this in turn causing vertically detected spatial images resembling two different magnetic profiles (MPs). When hairs are immersed in 35% H2O2 oxygen bubbles (O2) are displayed due to the H2O2 breakdown by the enzyme catalase. When the O2 breakdown ceases is theorized that tissue death has occurred. Results are presented of images and video-recordings correlating the absence of catalase with cessation of MPs.

278-289

Authors: Md. Serajuddin *1, Md. Aktarul Islam Chowdhury 1 , Tahmina Ferdous

Organic matter in drinking water is determined by applying indirect determination methods used for quantitative measurements such as total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). As a relatively less sophisticated and faster method ultraviolet absorption of water at 254 nm wavelength (UV254) is being now utilized in many countries to determine the organic matter in water. Because the UV254 absorbance parameter is proportional to the concentration of organics in the water in many research it is found that most natural water sources have a good correlation between, for example, TOC and UV254 absorption, and COD and UV254 absorption. Similarly, a definite correlation between the COD and BOD under certain conditions was reported in the literature. This study is aimed to establish the correlations among the parameters namely UV254, COD, BOD5, TOC, DOC (Dissolve organic carbon) for the river Sitalakhya, a specific surface water, which is the raw water source of the largest surface water treatment plant in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is revealed that there is a very strong correlation between TOC and UV254 with R2=0.86. Similarly, between BOD5 and UV254, and between COD and UV254, a strong correlation was found with coefficient of determination, R2 value respectively 0.93 and 0.87. All other coefficients also indicate highly significant linear correlations.

300-305

Authors: Azmat Ullah *1, Farnaz Parveen

This paper emphasis on the role of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in development of our traditional education system into technical vocational education and training aspects in Bangladesh. The analysis in this paper reveals the limitations and opportunities of TVET in Bangladesh and provides recommendations for further enhancement of this concept application. The research has also addressed the need for an organized review of TVET in Bangladesh and its implications.

317-326

Authors: Abraham A. Embi Bs

In this manuscript, the phenomena herein reported have been observed in some of prior publications by this author. This manuscript is a compilation of cross-species similarities on the biomagnetic fields (BMFs) emitted by the human hair and mouse vibrissa follicles. The introduction of a novel optical microscopy technique designed to detect BMFs in plant and animal tissue has allowed researchers to publish interesting and unique findings. They range from hair follicles BMFs penetrating glass barriers to the biomagnetic effect on crystals accretion of fronted hair follicles. Both rodents (whiskers) and human (hair follicles) show similarities regarding spontaneous BMFs expressed as light rays with one sided greater BMF activity. The technique used as a base the iron staining property of Prussian Blue Stain (PBS) mixed with very fine iron particles 2000 nm in diameter (for magnetic attraction). For this manuscript, previously published images were re-reviewed and addressed as such in the manuscript. Both PBS mixed with the diamagnetic Potassium Ferrocyanide and PBS mixed with the paramagnetic Potassium Ferricyanide were alternatively chosen in those experiments. During evaporation, the hair shaft and follicle, due to their intrinsic diamagnetism, repels the crystals of diamagnetic PBS and attracts the paramagnetic ones. Experiments are presented consistently demonstrating a unique pattern observed of BMFs skewed towards or along one side of the human hair shaft and follicle of humans and rodent vibrissa whiskers. This is attributed to “The Photoelectric Effect” discovered in 1887 by the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.

341-347

Authors: Uğurkan Erkayıran , Bülent Köstü , Alev Özer , Abdullah Tok , Selim Karaküçük

Background: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNGIUD) are two drugs used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding in women with myoma. We organized this study to compare the effectiveness of these two treatments. Methods: This was a retrospective one-year-long cohort study of 95 women with uterine leimyoma. Fifty three women who had received LNG-IUD formed the LNG-IUD group while 42 women who received regular intramuscular injections of 150 mg MPA at every 3 months for oneyear period made up the MPA group. Both groups were compared in aspect of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics. Results: At the end of one year, the LNG-IUD group had significantly smaller fibroid size, lower visual analogus scale score for pelvic pain, for dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia than the MPA group. There were a significant reduction in the number of patients with menorrhagia and a significant increase in serum hemoglobine levels both in LNG-IUD and MPA groups at the end of the one-year long study period. Conclusions: LNG-IUD appears as a good choice for the reduction in fibroid size and associated pelvic pain.

368-381

Authors: Gavkhar Narmaeva , Sergei Aronbaev , Dmitry Aronbaev

In a review article, the achievements and problems of modifying carbon-containing electrodes for voltammetric analysis are considered. Various methods for chemical modification of electrodes are described, including methods of surface modification, volumetric modification, impregnation by in-situ and ex-situ methods. It is noted that modified electrodes with a catalytic response are increasingly used in voltammetry. This is explained by the fact that in a number of cases the catalytic currents that are caused by the included or previous chemical reaction far exceed the limiting diffusion currents, which makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the method and to lower the lower limit of the determination by several orders of magnitude. Examples of the use of chemically modified carbon-containing electrodes in the voltammetric analysis of inorganic ions and organic substances are given.

1-15

Authors: A. Aliyu

The study examines the technical efficiency of rubber smallholders in Negeri Sembilan under 3 age categories using different method of efficiency analysis which include the Free Disposal Hull (FDH), Expected Oder-m (EOM) and Oder-Alpha (α) (O-α). The analysis was done in such a way that the rubber age was categorized in to All-age, matured-age and Old-age categories. Multistage sampling procedure was used and 307 smallholders were used comprising 307,206 and 101 for all-age, matured-age and old-age categories respectively. The result of the analysis revealed that the mean technical efficiency of all-age, matured-age and old-age crops under FDH were 1.00, 1.00 and 1.00 while that of Order-Alpha and Expected Oder-m were 0.89, 0.89, 0.90 and 0.96, 0.97 0.98 respectively for the all-age, matured-age and old-age crops categories. The percentages of rubber crop farms that are on the FDH production frontier were 100%, 100%, and 100% while under Order Alpha (α) were 13%,10 and 20%. The ones under expected order-m frontier were 29%, 39% and 52% respectively for all-age, matured-age and old-age categories. The mean TE of FDH and mean TE of Order-Alpha were subjected under paired t-test and found to be statistically different from each other. It was revealed that mean TE of FDH was statistically greater than that of Order-M efficiency. Order- M and Order-alpha efficiencies were also subjected under paired mean t-test, and the results indicated that the two means were statistically different from each other. Expected Order-M was found to be statistically higher in magnitude than its counterpart Order Alpha. The study finally concludes that FDH has higher efficiency scores than the other two partial production frontiers. Also deduced from the study was that the old-age category has higher efficiency scores than both the matured-age and all-age categories under both the EOM and Oder Alpha production frontier techniques.. So conclusively the old-age is higher than the matured-age which in turn higher than the all-age category in both the Expected Oder-m and Oder-Alpha production frontiers. Most importantly, policy planners should be very cautious on specific techniques. They should as well be knowledgeable and comparatively minded on the results obtained from both the Expected Oder-m and Oder-Alpha production frontiers with regards to the policy selections on the rubber crop

16-21

Authors: T.Athiyaman 1 , V.A.Subramaniam

Technological developments play a significant role in accelerating economic development of nations. One of the important evidence for the above statement is the payment system using the card. This payment instrument is called as credit card. The credit card, also referred to as "plastic money" represents a contemporary payment system in the modern world. It can be stated as a payment tool that provides to the people the possibility of purchasing needed goods or services, without making any payment at that moment of purchase, by allowing them to make such payment at a later time, without charging any additional financial burden.

38-44

Authors: Dr. Salam Shantibala Devi

Lai Haraoba is an inseparable part of the cultural life of the Meiteis known as Manipuris in general. It has a dimorigin. Lai Haraoba is a ritual performed under strict rules and order with the objective to please various deities and ancients. During the ritual which may last five days or more, the creation of the world and humans is represented with dance and sing by the maibis accompanied by the pena music of the Maiba. The number of Maibis may vary from three to more than three where only one maiba or Amaiba is employed. There are numerous Umang lais thus to be pleased ritually once in a year. In fact, each place has its own different deity and some particular deities have been regarded as the guardian deity of a region in which all the villages falling inside that region will have to deserve the ritual of lai Haraoba for that particular deity only. This ritual is performed starting on an auspicious day during February to July in a year. The main objectives of Lai Haraoba are to please the deities sot that the area under whose protection becomes prosperous with less morality which also infers the idea of growth of population by reminding people to perform the act of procreation as a duty. This particular part or inducement is performed with beautiful lyrical dialogue on the last day of the ritual in the form of the chance meeting of Panthoibi and Nongpok Ningthou. A propose of what has been laid out above the objectives of the study are very clear. I will help in codifying women’s involvement in social and cultural life in Manipur along with its relevant ramifications in the present context. This paper attempt to discuss the importance role of Amaibis in umang Lai Haoba

49-66

Authors: Babale.D.M 1 , A. Aliyu *2, Dazala I.U 1 , Wazamda.E.A

Fattening has been defined as intensive feeding of highly nutritious feed to and promotes fast growth and fat deposition to achieve desired carcass growth and quality. The main strategy is to fatten young, lean male goat to obtain either from the farmer’s own flock or more often, purchased on the open market over a period of two to three months, with each farmer fattening between one and five animals. The goats are usually tethered or kept in a small sheltered enclosure at the homestead, and often fed and watered individually. Basal feeds used for goat fattening, such as hay and millet straw are supplemented with cowpea haulms, maize bran, rice bran and coconut flour which is derived from the crop residues. Poor nutrition is a major constraint in fattening small ruminants in Nigeria, this is because farmers often give the animals whatever is available, leading to waste when feed availability is high, and underfeeding when it is low (feed availability). Fattening of small ruminants as a business is very common in Nigeria. Small ruminants are usually reproduced on the farms or houses and are sold around festivities. (Christmas and Sallah) or when cash is required. No special efforts, other than grazing the animals, are made by many smallholder farmers and pastoralists to ‘’fatten’’ them. A similar situation exists for fattening of large ruminants (bulls) as a business. Most farmers in Nigeria sell their bulls once they have been introduced to ‘’fatten’’ these animals commercially. Goats are able to subsist and make appreciable gains in long dry season with crop residue-based diets that compare favourably with conventional concentrate rations. Some of the crop residues and by-products available are potentially good feed resources which degrade readily in the rumen, some however, have shown poor degradability and hence, require some treatments before they can contribute to animal nutrition

75-80

Authors: Dr. M. Esakkiammal

Agriculture is one of the most important pillars of the Indian economy. The contribution of agriculture and its allied sectors to India’s GDP stood at 13.9% during 2013-14. More than half of the Indian population is dependent on agriculture for its subsistence. Since the beginning years of economic development, it has been one of the main drivers of growth of the economy as it supplies was a major source of raw materials to most of the manufacturers. This paper focuses on exploring the socio-economic status of farmer in Tuticorin District, to draw findings, suggestion and conclusion

88-96

Authors: C. Ananth 1 , M. Karthikeyan 2 , N. Mohananthini

Abstract In the present work, the multiple watermarking techniques have been executed to present information security. DWT - SVD based multiple watermarking for color images are proposed and has been implemented in cloud computing. The multiple watermarking is used to share the copyright of multiple users improves the robustness and high security. In the proposed work, multiple watermarks are embedded into the cover image. Image quality is computed using Normalized Correlation (NC) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) for color images. The proposed scheme provides a secure and well imperceptibility to different image processing attacks.

101-108

Authors: Ine Fausayana *1 , La Nalefo 1 , Samsul Alam Fika 1 , Dian Aris Ani

Social capital plays a vital role in a business as so does in seaweed cultivation. The aims of this study are to know the social capital of cultivators and to analyze the relation of social capital toward business successfulness of seaweed cultivators in Liya Mawi village. The variable of the study is social capital, such as trust, network, and norm; and business achievement based on sales volume and income. This study used the descriptive analysis and correlation test with rank spearman correlation test. The result of this study showed that the social capital of seaweed cultivators in Liya Mawi village are in the medium category to high at around 44.68% have medium level of trust and 55.32% have a high trust level and there is no respondents who have a level of low trust category; Networking category is as high as 42.55% and 57.45%, and there are no farmers are included in the category of low network; and the level of compliance with the norm being as much as 23.40% and a high level of norms compliance as much as 76.60%, while for the low category does not exist. The results of data analysis showed that social capital has a relationship with the level of success of the venture, while the views of the elements of social capital, only the network level that has a relationship with the level of business successfulness.

119-130

Authors: Dr. Md. Abdus Sabur *1 , Professor Dr. Md. Abu Sina 2 , Sanjoy Kumar Sarker

The teaching learning is a continuous process by which the educators involving in this field are working to change the behavior of the students as the required human resources for the welfare of the society. Bloom’s Taxonomy is the most important and widely used process that helps the educators to provide the students equipped with knowledge perfectly in the different domains of the learning skills as suggested by Benjamin Bloom. To assess the learning skills written test is the very important tools that are applying on the students from the beginning of the formal education. In this paper an attempt has been taken to evaluate the allocation pattern of the marks of the course Business Mathematics of the three departments Accounting and Information System, Management and Finance & Banking under business faculty according to the components of Bloom’s Taxonomy. It is observed that there is a significant difference of the allocations of marks among the selected the three departments regarding the cognitive domain of the B.T. But no significant difference has been found in the allocation pattern of marks throughout the academic years under review. The marks allocation in LOCQ, IOCQ and HOCQ are found to be 43 percent 52 percent and 5 percent respectively which are not suited with the recommended marks allocation according to the recognized system. The suggestions and recommendation have been given to allocate the marks to prepare the written questions papers according to the cognitive domains of Bloom’s Taxonomy

139-150

Authors: Franklin O. Okorodudu *1, Philip O. Okorodudu 2 , Lawrence O. Atumah

Petroleum pipeline vandalism has, over the years, become a torn in the flesh of successive administrations in Nigeria as the nation losses 12 billion dollars yearly to pipeline vandalism related issues. There is an urgent need to permanently address the rising scourge in the nation. In this study, an approach for synthesizing a monitoring system to curtain pipeline vandalism in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria is presented. The design was done in stages starting with the power supply subsystem and culminates in the simulation of the whole subsystems to give the overall monitoring system. The simulation of the subsystems was done using the procedural programming application Proteus 8. Most of the components used in the design of each sub systems was according to design specifications from data book with alternatives used in cases where they are unavailable. The overall system was tested to perform the required task of monitoring pipelines. It is found that the overall system is able to monitor petroleum pipelines and reduce acts of vandalism on the nation’s pipeline topology.

161-177

Authors: Abene Abderrahmane, Mohamed Salah -Eddine Seddiki, Aurora Morocini Mohamed Si Youcef

The use of variable baffle solar panels for drying is the low level of heat exchange with the air in the dynamic vein of the solar panel. This weakness in such systems does not provide optimal performance or high thermal efficiency from their use. There is, however, a very noticeable improvement in heat transfer when the baffles are placed in rows in the ducts. To conduct the experiments, solar energy was simulated, the goal being to improve the relationship between temperature and thermal efficiency of a solar panel air heating plane and to use the system to reduce the time to gently dry the lemon to keep these vitamins. lemon and destinine for a sustainable therapy (the lemon promotes the absorption of calcium and in case of rhumet gill or five also to treat sinusitis, against migraine solair dryness and also for sustainable conservation and also for a sustainable medicine for a sustainable medicine.

189-192

Authors: Eun hyun Lee 1 , Yong-Il Ji

Ovarian dysgerminoma is a malignant germ cell tumor and it account for 1-5% of all ovarian cancers. Dysgerminoma usually occurs in adolescence and early adult life. So, it could cause problems in fertility and if it is diagnosed during pregnancy, feto-maternal problems will be incurred. Hereby, we report a case of successful delivery associated with para-aortic Lymph Node (LN) involved ovarian dysgerminoma masquerading as myoma during pregnancy and recommend ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology for ovarian masses should be considered.

200-204

Authors: Alida Bella Vallejo López 1 , Dr Jorge Daher Nader

In recent times society demands the development and training of professionals capable of investigating, analyzing and solving problems that affect the life of man. Investigate contribute to the progress and development of the countries. However, there are still countries in which the importance or the support that this work deserves has not been given. In Ecuador in the last decade a structure has been established aimed at reaching this goal, but there are still gaps that must be overcome. Objective: The objective of this article is to raise awareness of the importance of forming a new generation of researchers capable of providing scientific knowledge to society and the world ". Methodology. - A review of the literature of the Hinari database, Medline and articles related to the SCIELO, Redalyc Google Scholar web pages. The analysis of 50 found articles was carried out and the article was made based on the information of 12 articles Conclusion Form a new research culture, the key that offers solutions to the problems of humanity to eradicate ignorance and generate prosperity for the peoples of the world.

212-225

Authors: Elias Randjbaran *1, Rizal Zahari 1, 2 , Dayang L. Majid 1 , Mohamed T. H. Sultan 1 , Norkhairunnisa Mazlan 1

Motivation/Background: Current review paper is about the forecast of Young's modulus for carbon nanotubes, from both hypothetical and exploratory angles are introduced. The disparities between the estimations of Young's modulus announced in the writing are broke down, and distinctive patterns of the outcomes are examined. Explain the importance of the problem investigated in the paper. Include here a statement of the main research question. Method: A whole investigation is performed to feature the obstructions and downsides of the demonstrating methods and crucial presumptions utilized which ought to be defeated in additionally contemplates. Conclusions: The perspectives that ought to be considered all the more precisely in demonstrating carbon nanotube composites are distinguished

238-245

Authors: Amayika Kakati 1 , Deeksha Sharma 1 , Nikhil N Aggarwal 1

The underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system gives very high rate of underwater data transmission over several meters. It utilizes the visible band in the spectral range of 390-750nm of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, we study various types of link configurations depending upon the circumstances in water environment. We also study the effect of various water types on the system performance. We find that the UWOC system is affected especially by inherent optical properties such as absorption and scattering and the effect of these properties is different in various water types. We also present that misalignment in UOWC system adversely affects its functioning and reliability. Finally, we present that hybrid system design for a proper systematic UOWC system

260-280

Authors: Josie Agatha Parrilha da Silva *1, Marcos Cesar Danhoni Neves 2

This research reports the imagery representation of the Moon in the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception with Saints and Angels (1611) by Domenico Cresti (Passignano). Our goal is to defend this image as a telescopic representation of the Galilean Moon, that is, a cratered Moon as presented by Galileo Galilei in his work Sidereus nuncius (1610). Passignano was a friend of the artist Lodovico Cardi (Cigoli) who corresponded with Galileo and exchanged information on telescopic observations. This relationship between the artists and Galileo reinforces the possibility that the two painters had represented cratered the moons. The research consists of bibliographical and imaginary research and, at the end, the Moon of Passignano as the first representation of a Galilean Moon inside a Church.

296-309

Authors: Muhammad Iwan 1 , Agus Suyatna *2, Warsito 3

This study aims to develop static fluid material props in an effort to improve students' argumentation skills. Design development using 4-D development model consists of four stages, namely Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. The test subjects of this study were 5 physics teachers and 75 students from three high schools in Bandar Lampung. Data were collected through observation in the preliminary study, questionnaires to see the responses of students, teachers, and experts on the developed aids and tests of the method of one pretest and posttest design. The questionnaire data were analyzed using scoring techniques and improved learning outcomes using the N-gain formula. According to the response of students and teachers there is a clear U-shaped hose that contains water that can be observed movement, there are sensors and LED lights that can live when the movement of water through the sensor. The second props are simple hydraulics to prove Pascal's law by laying loads of different weight on both sides of the piston with different cross-sectional areas. An effective tool for improving student learning outcomes and argument skills involves making claims and warrants, effective enough to improve the skills of backing, but less effectively to improve rendering skills.

322-334

Authors: Amrozi 1 , Zarah Puspitaningtyas 1 , Djoko Poernomo 1

This study is to examine the influence of leadership, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on employee performance. Population in this research was the entire employees of Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Besuki, Situbondo, Indonesia which was about 295 peoples. Then, the researcher applied probability random sampling technique to select 170 respondents as the sampling. The researcher analyzed the data by applying multiple linear regression method. The result shows that leadership and job satisfaction contribute positive and significant effect on employee performance, while organizational commitment has no effect on employee performance.

346-356

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper projects Volition Particle Swarm Optimization (VP) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power problem. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) has been hybridized with the Fish School Search (FSS) algorithm to improve the capability of the algorithm. FSS presents an operator, called as collective volition operator, which is capable to auto-regulate the exploration-exploitation trade-off during the algorithm execution. Since the PSO algorithm converges faster than FSS but cannot auto-adapt the granularity of the search, we believe the FSS volition operator can be applied to the PSO in order to mitigate this PSO weakness and improve the performance of the PSO for dynamic optimization problems. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed Volition Particle Swarm Optimization (VP) algorithm, it has been tested in standard IEEE 30 bus test system and compared to other reported standard algorithms. Simulation results show that Volition Particle Swarm Optimization (VP) algorithm is more efficient then other algorithms in reducing the real power losses with control variables are within the limits..

361-376

Authors: Sareef Tehtae 1 , Abubakar Eby Hara 1 , Zarah Puspitaningtyas 1

Special territory policy has been using in the Southern Thailand is a central government’s policy (Bangkok) in terms of giving absolute authority to the military, to resolve the conflicts in southern Thailand. The policy includes three matters: 1) Martial law of 2547 (the regulations in state of emergency in the 2004); 2) the Emergency Decree 2548 PO-Ro-Ko (Security rules in state of emergency); 3) Internal Security Act in the 2551 PO – RO – BO (the rule in terms of internal security implementation of 2008). This paper aimed to analyzing the impacts of special regional policies on local governance in southern Thailand (case study in Repel district, Krongpinang, Thailand. This research used descriptive qualitative methodology. based on research results, can be concluded that the impacts of the implementation of special regional policy; 1) the functional disappearance of local government; 2) local government was depressed by military system; 3) society harmonization to local government (village head) decreased.

389-395

Authors: I Wayan Distrik 1 , Chandra Ertikanto 2 , Agus Suyatna 3 , Wayan Suana 4

This paper outlines the effect of REAL model in enhancing students' metacognitive abilities on abstract physics topics, such as electricity and magnetism. The study employed a pre-test and posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group. The experiment group (n = 30) was taught using the REAL model while control group (n = 30) was taught using the traditional method. REAL model includes recognizing the concept of targets through analogies, explaining concepts with multiple representations, applying concepts to sample solutions, and looking back at selfweakness through reflection self. Pre-test and post-tests were given at the beginning and at the end of the treatment for each group. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods. The results showed that REAL model has a positive effect in increasing students’ metacognitive ability shown by significant n-gain difference between experiment and control groups. During the study, students also felt motivated and more confident in solving physics problems shown by more than 80% of them responded positively to the learning model.

403-406

Authors: Abhilasha Jaiswal

An online art gallery is new concept of selling and purchasing art works, both digital prints and traditional paintings are available on online sites. Basically, it is a user interface kind of web page on which buyer and seller both gets a platform for their jobs. Online art gallery is a time, energy and money saving web site concept. By this artist also can host their works and art curator can arrange auctions for art works.

414-452

Authors: Aadrsh Kumar Tiwari *1, Manisha Gautam 1 , Hardesh K Maurya *1

Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. With the too much use of plastics and increasing pressure being placed on capacity available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Awareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers. The interest in environmental issues is growing and there are increasing demands to develop material which do not burden the environment significantly. This project reviews the biodegradation of biodegradable and also the conventional synthetic plastics, types of biodegradations of biodegradable polymers also use of a variety of “Recent development of biodegradation techniques” for the analysis of degradation in vitro.

461-471

Authors: Rahul Ravi Ravichandran 1 , Sambit Supriya Dash 2 , Vinayak Malhotra *3

Combustion is a complex phenomenon that involves the interaction of multiple phenomena, the cumulative effect of which give rise to the common flame that comprises wide range of practical, functional to propulsion applications. An interesting aspect that needs attention is the effect of the various surrounding environment phenomenon on its behavior and properties of premixed flames. It is noteworthy that soot formation is the main cause of pollution and a major cause of inefficiency of current propulsion systems. These phenomena root variety of energy interactions leading to energy transformations which in turn affect the flame behavior. Present work focuses on experimental investigations and implications of the externally induced acoustics on partially premixed flames. The subject is extensively studied as thermo-acoustics, and the current work emphases on studying its role on soot formation on premixed flames. Experimentation was carried out on a scaled setup comprising of a butane cylinder fitted with a nozzle, that houses 3 arrays consisting of 4 holes each placed equidistant to each other for entraining air. The resulting flame is impinged with acoustics from two independent and similar sources placed equidistant from the center of the nozzle. The entire process is systematically video graphed using a 60-fps regular CCD and analyzed for variation in flame heights and flickering frequencies. The observations involve fixed fuel mass flow rate with varying configuration of entrainment holes and acoustic frequency under normal ambient atmospheric conditions. The work establishes significant outcomes on the effect of acoustics on soot formation. The results are likely to encourage better understanding with applicability to commercial and domestic utilizations for energy generation for enhanced effectiveness and reduced hazards

488-497

Authors: Betty Jepchirchir Kosgei 1 , Dr. Jane Wanjira

Understanding consumer buying behaviour and their preference to product attributes has become a key success factor in contemporary competitive and rapid changing business environment. Consumer is now more discerning and individualistic requiring marketers to gain insights into their buying behaviour especially the attitude they have towards product innovation especially packaging. The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of packaging attributes on consumer’s buying behaviour of packaged foods in Kenya. This paper discusses the research findings on the influence of packaged food graphics and colour attributes on consumers’ buying behaviour in Kenya. The study was supported by the Theory of Reasoned Action, the HowardSheth Model and Kano’s Theory of Attractive Quality. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were used and a sample of 385 shoppers from three supermarkets in Nairobi was selected randomly while data was collected using structured questionnaires. The selection of supermarkets was based on judgmental sampling in which location and foot traffic was considered. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of mean, percentages and standard deviations, and inferential statistics in the form of correlation tests and regression analysis. The study found a statistically significant relationship between the attributes of graphics and colour and consumer’s buying behaviour. The study recommends that food manufacturers understand consumer response to their packages, and integrate the inputs into designing the best packaging styles. This can be achieved by involving consumers in the process of packaging so that the right decisions are made without making any assumption regarding the final packaging of food products. This study is beneficial to new and existing food product manufacturers in coming up with strategies and in development of product packaging. Keywords: Package Graphics, Colour Attributes, Consumers’ Buying Behaviour.

503-517

Authors: G. Sudha Elizabath 1 , Dr. T. Sangeetha 2

In India most of the classrooms are still teacher centered, where the students have to sit and listening to the teachers lecture. In emerging 21st century the student’s needs to develop skills like reasoning, problem-solving, creative, collaboration, critical thinking, communication etc., the study aimed to examine the Project Based Learning method in teaching high school students. The investigator adopted experimental method to study the PBL method in teaching high school students. For the study sample of 60 IX std students from schools situated in Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu was selected. The finding reveals that is inferred that there is a difference between PBL method of teaching and conventional teaching among High school’s students.

522-535

Authors: Miray Gür 1 , Filiz Şenkal Sezer

The objective of this research paper is to investigate residents’ perception of indoor comfort conditions and user satisfaction in the residences for middle-income groups, focusing on thermal, visual and acoustical comfort. For this purpose, a residential satisfaction survey was conducted to residents of 5 housing estates in Ataevler, Bursa, Turkey. The study consists of literature review, evaluation of user satisfaction survey, and discussion of the research findings focusing on improving indoor environment. The questionnaires were applied to residents and they were asked to express their perception of indoor comfort and their satisfaction level with comfort parameters in which they live in. The answers have statically been analyzed in terms of percentages through SPSS 13.0. The results obtained indicate that the main dissatisfaction factors related to comfort conditions of middle income groups in their housing estates were related to indoor-outdoor noise problems and inadequate daylight received. The results suggest that comfort levels of users related to climatic factors vary based on their house and seasons. Heating levels of buildings are adjusted based on the comfort of the users. Comfort levels related to indoor-outdoor noise are very low. Satisfaction levels from visual comfort is low in buildings that were constructed close to each other because of inadequate daylight. Achieving optimal visual, acoustical, and climatic comfort conditions is essential to create a positive impact on users’ performance in houses. The results of this study and suggested comfort conditions are expected to contribute to building policies, building producers, academia and to the implementation of high quality, healthy and energy efficient houses

544-554

Authors: Dr. Albert Ferrer *1

Western scholarship and culture usually ignore the contributions from other civilizations, in the field of education even more clearly than anywhere else. While the advocates of integral education, for instance, pay attention to the Western pedagogues only, there has been a profound educational philosophy in other contexts such as the Indian or the Buddhist. This paper tries to open the Western educational scenario to the Buddhist tradition in particular, outlining some achievements like the Buddhist university of Nalanda that can certainly inspire and enrich the educational world, in Asia or in the West. Hence, this introductory paper wishes to contribute to the needed intercultural dialogue in Western education and scholarship.

1-8

Authors: Ettah O. I. 1 , Ebu B. O. 2

Formal agricultural loan is an important tool in agricultural development and key to agricultural modernization. This is because this source of loans enables farmers to have access to production inputs as well as adopt modern farm technologies. For agricultural development to be achieved and sustained, agricultural loan is required especially in the rural areas where majority of the populace are engaged in agriculture. The study set out to analyse the determinants of agricultural loan access from formal sources in Cross River State central agricultural zone, Nigeria and proffer policy recommendations based on the findings. A three-stage random sampling technique was employed to get a total of 100 respondents with the use of a detailed structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model were used to analyse the data. Result of the analysis showed that socio-economic characteristics of farmers such as: age, gender, occupational status, household size, educational level, farming experience, farm size, farm income, off- farm income, and labour use by respondents determined farmers access or otherwise to loan from formal sources and result of the logit regression model showed that age, education, farm size, collateral, farm income and cooperative membership all affected access of loan from formal sources positively, while farm experience do not determine access of loan from formal sources. The following recommendations were made: farmers in the area should be encouraged by government to enhance their educational level, more farmland should also be made available to increase their farm size and cooperative society’s membership should be encouraged by government.

17-30

Authors: N. Suneetha 1 , G. Gupta *1 , G. Shailaja 1

The present study focuses on the occurrence and intensity of fluoride in drinking water from the Malvan-Vijaydurg coastal tract in Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra. Concentration of fluoride (F- ) from 36 dug wells/bore wells sampled during this study ranged from 0.04 mg/L to 1.6 mg/L. The results indicate that about 47% of the water samples from the study area have fluoride content greater than 1 mg/L, which exceeds the permissible limit of BIS (1 mg/L), while 4 samples exceeded the World Health Organization standards of 1.5 mg/L. Spatial variation in Fconcentration indicates that most of the sampling sites having comparatively high fluoride also have high values of pH, EC and TDS concentration measured in groundwater. High fluoride levels are associated with Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, Na-Cl and Na-HCO3 type water produced by calcite precipitation and/or base ion exchange. The groundwater with higher fluoride concentrations is accompanied by lower Ca+2 levels. This study augments our understanding on geochemical behaviour of Fconcentration and highlights the importance of spatial variability of Fin coastal aquifers. It is also pertinent to monitor the water quality periodically in this region and consequently discontinue using the wells which contain high fluoride concentration.

37-46

Authors: Tainah Lima Sousa Santana 1 , Evanilza Teixeira Adorno 2 , Lavinia Teixeira-Machado *3

Down Syndrome (DS) adult often isolates himself from the world, due to social participation difficulty in understanding everything that surrounds him. In this context, dance assumes a substantial role in facilitating communication process, as it offers new ways of expressing ideas and feelings. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dance in quality of life, depressive and self-esteem aspects in DS. Method: This is a case report, longitudinal, descriptive, retrospective and prospective study, with dance class, twice a week, and public presentations, during four years. It was analyzed quality of life, depression index and self-esteem. Results: During the years, participant presented a gradual improvement in quality of life; the frequency and intensity of depression and anxiety symptoms decreased; she improved index of corporal satisfaction and in the self-esteem. Conclusion: Study reached the proposals in quality of life, depression, body satisfaction index and self-esteem

54-58

Authors: क ु ़कांता राधवानी ’1, डाॅ ़नीता सिंह 2

मन्नू भंडारी स्वातंत्रोत्तर काल की समाजधर्मी लेखिका हैं। समाज में आने वाले स्थूल और सूक्ष्म परिवर्त नों को सही धरातल पर पकड़ने की अपूर्व क्षमता उनकी लेखनी में है। परिवर्त नों का प्रभाव सदा ही दोहरा होता है - बाह्य और आत ंरिक। एक प्रभाव व्यक्ति को अंदर से क ुरेदता है तो द ूसरा समाज जीवन को खोखला बना द ेने में बराबर सहयोग पहुँचाता है। ल ेखिका न े दांपत्य-जीवन की समस्याओं को दोहरे स्तर पर उठाया है, उन्होंने अपनी कहानी में नारी-पुरुष परंपरागत स्थूल संबंध में बदलत े संबंध की सूक्ष्म प्रक्रिया का चित्रण किया है। मन्नू भंडारी नारी जीवन में पुरुष क े साथ को अनिवार्य मानती है ल ेकिन वह पति की अंधनुगामी नहीं है और न ही गृहिणी क े दायित्व का निर्वाह करने वाली काम चलाऊ, मशीन मात्र। अपन े सिद्धांतों, आदर्शों की पूर्ति क े लिए वे राजनीतिक जीवन में भी पति की प्रतिद ्वंदिता करती है और पति से अलगाव महसूस हा ेने पर विवाह-विच्छेद या पुनर्विवाह भी करती है। मन्नू भंडारी अपनी कहानी में नारी क े विविध स्वरूपों को रचकर उसके आधुनिक नारी को पूरी सहजता और संजीदगी क े साथ उकेरती है, न की पर ंपराओं से दबी, क ुचली और गुलामी का भार ढोती हुई नारी क े रूप में।

65-72

Authors: Tsoupou Kuété Suzy Gwladys *1, Efole Ewoukem Thomas 2 , Moussala Ottoko Junior 1 , Tcthoumboue Joseph 1

The aim of this study was to contribute to the improvement of knowledge on the growth of endogenous catfish of Cameroon Clarias jaensis to develop the standards of his breeding. For this purpose, 396 juveniles (36.7 ± 10.1 g) were divided into four comparable group with three replications. Four experimental rations containing 3000, 3100, 3200 and 3300 Kcal/kg of metabolize energy were distributed in these group at 5% of ichtyobiomasse. Except the feed intake, survival and other growth characteristics were comparable (P>0.05) between rations. The higher feed intake and the lowest consumption index were recorded with the ration containing 3000 Kcal/kg. The weight (95.10 ± 8.14 g), total length (23.77 ± 1.15 cm), weight gain (58.70 ± 9.49g), average daily gain (1.01 ± 0.16 g), specific growth rate (1.66 ± 0.26%) and K factor (0.71 ± 0.05) were higher with the ration containing the lowest level of energy. This reveals that Clarias jaensis fingerlings requires less energy for growth compared to other catfish like Clarias gariepinus. In view of the above and given the cost of manufacturing the food, the ration containing 3000 kcal/kg would be agro economically sustainable although the search for the optimal level of energy remains.

78-92

Authors: M. S. Al-Ashhab *1, 2 , Hassan Fadag 2

The objective of this research is to develop a Master Production Scheduling (MPS) model to maximize the total profit using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The model is solved using both MILP with the Xpress software and genetic algorithms with the Evolver solver. The model is built for Evolver in MS Excel. Results of both solving tools are compared to analyze the performance of each of them. The accuracy and capability of the model to solve the MPS problems have been verified through the discussion of its results logicality for different cases of different patterns.

114-127

Authors: Ebram Luc Gervais DJADJI *1, Soumaïla SYLLA 1 , Tizié Thierry ZAN-BI 1 , Boua Célestin ATSE 1

The reproduction of Liza falcipinnis were investigated in both lagoons (Ebrié and Grand-Lahou) from January 2006 to december 2007. 2162 specimens were examined (914 and 1248 respectively in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons). Fork length was taken to the nearest 1 mm, and total body weight (TW) and eviscerated body weight (EW) to the nearest 0.1 g. The gonads and the liver were then established removed, weighted to the nearest 0.001g. The reproduced period of Liza falcipinnis was established by analysing the temporal evolution of the frequency of the maturity stages and the monthly variations in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), the hepatosomatic index (HIS) and the condition factor (K). Sex ratio was established taking into account the sex determinations. The size at which 50 % of the specimens became mature (FL50) was estimated. The sex ratio (1:1.24) and (1:1.40) observed respectively in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons were in favour of females. The first sexual maturity size was 21.0 cm (FL) for males and 27.9 cm (FL) for females in Ebrié lagoon and 24.7 cm (FL) for males and 27.9 cm (FL) for females in GrandLahou lagoon. Liza falcipinnis spawns in lagoon and the spawning period ranged from December to April.

138-148

Authors: Ine Fausayana *1, Weka Gusmiarty Abdullah 1 , La Ode Dawid 1

The aim of this study was to analysis the risks of coconut products marketing in Kendari City. The results of this study described risk identification in three stage of marketing of coconut product, namely (a) Five risks identified at the stage of storaging; broken coconut fruit, unsold product, fire market, theft of coconut fruits, and market regulation; (b) Three risks identified at the stage of processing; broken coconut, coconut shell waste, and damage to processing facilities; and (c) Four risks identified at the stage of selling; unsold product, non-strategic selling locations, substitute goods, and competitors. Overall, the risk on coconut products marketing was mapped at low risk. High risk was more prevalent in the stage of processing, which was caused by the risk of coconut shell waste. While medium risk was more prevalent in the stage of storaging.

149-156

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin *1

In this paper, Synthesized Algorithm (SA) proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. Proposed Synthesized Algorithm (SA) is a combination of three well known evolutionary algorithms, namely Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and Harmony Search (HS) algorithm. It merges the general operators of each algorithm recursively. This achieves both good exploration and exploitation in SA without altering their individual properties. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed SA, it has been tested in Standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and compared to other standard reported algorithms. Simulation results show’s that Synthesized Algorithm (SA) successfully reduces the real power loss and voltage profiles are within the limits.

167-176

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin *1

In this paper Enriched Genetic Algorithm (EGA) is proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. In order to overcome the drawbacks of standard genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, some improved mechanisms based on non-linear ranking selection, competition and selection among several crossover offspring and adaptive change of mutation scaling are adopted in the genetic algorithm, and dynamical parameters are adopted in PSO. The new population is produced through three approaches to improve the global optimization performance. Proposed algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results reveal the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.

190-200

Authors: Dr. Senevirathna Bandara

Teacher professional development is the ‘key’ of the developing students’ quality of the outcomes in the 21st century. Under such a situation, teachers have to update and intensify their knowledge, skills, attitudes and practices according to students’ current expansive demand. In this context, School-Based Teacher Professional Development is a very important concept, because it allows teachers to plan, organise and implement their own professional development programs, considering their particular needs, as well as those of students and school. However, this concept has not been extensively developed in the Sri Lankan education context. Focusing on the Sri Lankan secondary school context, this study examines the possibilities, effectiveness, strategies, issues and challenges involved in implementing these programs in the teachers’ professional development. Simultaneously, the situation of the Non-School-Based Teacher Development programs are also examined because these are currently prominent and this study assumed that both programs need to be integrated in order to provide balanced teacher professional development. The qualitative research approach and the case-study method has been employed. The data were collected by conducting interviews, non-participative observation and sample-based documentary searching. According to the findings, strong recommendations were proposed and relevant guidelines were suggested for future researches.

229-237

Authors: Bincy George

This paper examines women empowerment associated with financial inclusion. Financial inclusion is delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and the low-income groups. The various financial services include access to saving, credit, insurance, bank account etc. The access to financial services helps women in their social and economic development. It is noted that access to financial service through financial inclusion do have impact upon the social and financial empowerment of women leading to their overall empowerment

238-243

Authors: Dr. Geeta Yadav

The idea of cooperation is not new to man. It is as old as man himself. Cooperatives are an almost universal form of organization today found in practically all countries and used by people in many ways. A Co-operative is a unique form of business used by people and businesses for their mutual benefit. Cooperatives are community-based, rooted in democracy, flexible, and have participatory involvement, which makes them well suited for economic development The meaning of cooperation is that isolated and powerless individuals can, by combining with one another, achieve advantages available to the rich and the powerful so that they may advance not only materially but also morally. In other words a cooperative is a business organization that is owned by those who use its services, the control of which rests equally with all the members. It is voluntary and democratic and the moral element is as important as the material one. Furthermore, it recognizes social, educational, and community values. An economy based on one form of business organization alone is neither desirable nor possible in modern times. To justify their existence and fulfil their purpose, cooperatives must make a significant and unique contribution to solving some of the massive problems facing mankind today. This paper examines the role of cooperative societies in economic development. The aim is to investigate the ways in which cooperatives can act as agents towards economic development

246-268

Authors: A. ALIYU

The present study examined the economic efficiency of rubber smallholders in Peninsular Malaysia in a disaggregated form using Banker Charnes and Cooper (BCC) and Charnes Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) as well as their respective bootstrap techniques. Multistage data collection was employed on 327 smallholders among 5 districts of Negeri Sembilan state. However, only 307 observations were used in computing inferential statistics, because the young-age category has been removed. The districts include Seremban, Tampin, Rembau, Kuala Pilah and Jempol. The results revealed that, the mean technical efficiency (TE) under variable returns to scale (VRS) and constant returns to scale (CRS) were 0.95, 0.97 0.96 and 0.45, 0.61, 0.33 for the all-age, matured-age and old-age crops respectively. The findings of the result also disclosed that naïve DEA has higher mean scores than bootstrappedDEA, thus indicating the presence of bias in the former and absence of bias in the later. Also, the efficiency determinants under VRS and CRS as well as their respective bias-corrected (BC) efficiency scores were also analyzed using Tobit regression analysis against the 15 sociodemographic factors. It was found out that critical factors, common to all the age-categories, include educational level, tapping system and marital status under VRS and BC-VRS assumptions, while under CRS and BC-CRS assumptions include race, tapping system, marital status and farm’s distance. Therefore, education of smallholders should be given more attention to increase efficiency. The study finally recommends that the traditional concept of computing efficiency or productivity of rubber and other perennial crops in an aggregated form should be complemented with the disaggregated form as this eliminates any bias and gives meaningful results. Improved methods such as bootstrapping should also be used as this only gives what is called bias-corrected efficiency scores. Regarding the determinants, factors such as education, tapping system and farm distance should be given more emphasis

263-275

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper presents assorted algorithms for solving optimal reactive power problem. Symbiosis modeling (SM), which extends the dynamics of the canonical PSO algorithm by adding a significant ingredient that takes into account the symbiotic co evolution between species, Hybridization of Evolutionary algorithm with Conventional Algorithm (HCA) that uses the abilities of evolutionary and conventional algorithm and Genetical Swarm Optimization (GS), which combines Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).All the above said SM, HCA,GS algorithms are used to augment the convergence rate with good Exploration & Exploitation. All the three SM, HCA, GS is applied to Reactive Power optimization problem and has been evaluated in standard IEEE 30 System. The results shows that all the three algorithms perform well in solving the reactive power problem with rapid convergence rate .Of all the three algorithms SM has the slight edge in reducing the real power loss over HCA&GS

289-299

Authors: Dr. Md. Abdus Sabur

An attempt has been taken to explore the causes of inefficiency of management of sugar industry in Bangladesh by applying Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) that contains three steps of estimation. According to value of output measurement by SFA,  parameter was found with positive values indicating potential production deferred from actual production. The return to scale of the sample was estimated 1.84 implied increasing returns to scale. The parameter (  0 ) of OLS for the sample was found less than that of MLE for the cause of below position of potential output.  (Lambda) was the ratio of variance of industry specific production behaviors 2  (u) to the variance of statistical noise 2  (v). Here that ratio was found 1.69 and 1.11 for the half-normal and truncated normal distribution which indicated that there were impacts due to inefficiency of the management dominated by random disturbances of the sugar industry in Bangladesh. The value of  was estimated 74 percent and 55 percent for half normal and truncated normal indicating 74 percent and 55 percent output in sugar production were due to inefficiency of the management. The parameter (  ) was found negative for both the methods which indicated that the technical efficiency was decreasing over the time. The mean technical efficiency of sample was 54.45 percent and 35.45 percent for the half normal and truncated normal distribution. This further indicated that the management could increase the production level by 45.55 percent and 64.55 percent respectively using same level of inputs. The suggestion and recommendation has been provided to improve managerial skills, increase skilled manpower, introduce higher sucrose content cane, modernization of machineries and reduction of overhead cost

321-325

Authors: Ravi Kumar R

Transportation problem (TP) in operations research is a widely used optimization technique to study the problems concerned with transporting goods from production places to sale points. The TP may have one or more objectives such as minimization of transportation cost, minimization of distance with respect to time, and so on. There is a systematic method to solve such problems. For this, we find the Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) to the given problem. North West corner method, least cost method, Vogel’s approximation method are the standard methods one uses to find the IBFS. In recent years, there are several other methods are proposed to solve such problems. In this paper, we propose a new technique named as Direct Sum Method (DSM) and its effectiveness is compared with the standard methods. The result shows that it is easy to compute and near to the optimum solution of the problem

369-376

Authors: Pradeep M B

The wireless communication technology gaining importance in extreme conditions in a very effective way due to its benefits. Compared to wired networks, wireless networks have many benefits in terms of flexibility, cost, and mobility. Wireless networks can be easily hacked by the outsiders if there is no proper security. Because of its increasing popularity, wireless networks need proper security measures in addition to the normal protections such as firewalls, virus detectors, etc. Providing the required additional security to the wireless networks is a challenging task. Security can be maintained by providing data authenticity, integrity confidentiality, and authorization. A survey on the security of wireless networks is put forward that discusses various techniques which help in protecting the network and a cryptic secure scheme has been proposed which helps to enhance the security standards in the wireless medium.

380-390

Authors: Leena Das

Meningoencephalitis remains the most significant cause of childhood deaths indeed a more measure cause of long term neurological handicap in children. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is recognized worldwide as the most frequent infectious encephalitis and the only one with a validated specific treatment. The incidence of viral encephalitis is 3.5-7.4 per 100,000 people per year. Aim & objectives: To study the demographic profile, etiological agent, clinical presentation, investigation findings and outcome of viral mengigoencephalitis in children. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in the pediatric department of SCB Medical College, Cuttack Odisha. Result: Highest incidence was observed in 1-5 years age group followed by 6-14 years. Males are more affected than Female. Highest number of cases occurred in summer season (45.2%). The common symptoms were fever (97.6%), irritability (80.9%), refusal to feed (80.9%), vomiting (80.9%), altered sensorium (76.1%), headache (61.9%), convulsion (52.3%). The common signs observed were temperature > 100.4̊F (94.1%), meningeal sign (52.3%), GCS (Glasgow Coma Score) < 7 (52.3%), hypotension (50%), focal neurological deficit (52%).Viral marker were detected in 47.7% of cases. HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) was common agent found among the positive viral marker detected. Conclusion: Viral mengingoencephalitis is a major health problem due to high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is often difficult due to low incidence of disease specific signs. Detection of viral antibody is done by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ig M & Ig G. PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) method is suggested as a better option which has more sensitivity and specificity and gives a rapid diagnosis

407-412

Authors: Dr. Paul Albert. A

The present article mainly focused on how digital or computer games act as a fruitful learning tool for slow learners through game based learning. Also, it describes that among many learning methods, game based learning is a suitable way using digital games for slow learners especially for digital natives. In addition, the present article highlighted the educational benefits and effectiveness of digital games. Further, it explores some digital games that can be used in the educational context. Finally the present article suggested that the digital games can be used as a tool in teaching and learning process for slow learners.

431-449

Authors: Maneesh P

In Kerala, the disturbing trend is that the public health care system is getting alienated from the people since 1980’s. About 30% of the lower income families seeks medical service from the government hospitals. This is because of the fall in the quality of the services of the government hospitals. In the present situation, the rate of utilization of the private sector can be increased drastically pointing to the poor performance of the public health care system. The government hospital has some problems like poor physical or infrastructure facilities, ineffective leadership and unsatisfactory supply of drugs and medical supplies faculty of staffing procedure. These above stated problems do not exist in private hospitals. Therefore, the present study carried out to assess the healthcare expenditure of government and private hospitals patients in Kannur district. The study was conducted during 2015-16. The sample size of the survey contains a total of 120 respondents from Kannur district. The study analyses the interrelationship between health care expenditure and major socioeconomic factors such as monthly income, age, gender, marital status and occupation. The health care expenditure divided into two-direct and indirect health care cost. The direct health care cost includes- user fee charge, medical charge, diagnostic charge and surgical cost. The indirect health care cost comprises of transportation charge, food and bevarages charge and accommodation charges. The study found that the direct cost of health care is high in both private and public sector hospitals. Finally, the study suggests that an initiative along the role of government is requested to secure the health demands of poor as health care costs are growing over time

456-475

Authors: Olulope P.K

The possibility of meeting the load demands and manage the energy of Okesha, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria using a hybrid system of power generation consisting of Wind/Solar PV energy sources in conjunction with the battery energy storage (Fuel cells) which act as a backup to the system is presented. The control mechanism is done through the use of genetic algorithm to optimally allocate the load and to control the charging and discharging of the battery. The results shows that the hybrid energy system through the control mechanism was able manage the energy generated so as to provide sufficient power to meet the optimum needs of the citizen of Okesha area in Ado Ekiti

481-486

Authors: Dr. Dnyaneshwar Kantaram Jadhav

Ayurved is science of life. Its guide human being for living on preventive & curative both aspect. Its ancient knowledge which is still stand truth to time. There are many diseases which is not mentioned directly in Ayurveda texts is called as Anukta vikar. Subclinical hypothyroidism is one of such disease. Such disease specifically mentioned but its line of treatment described very well. The present case is 28 year old male patient was suffering from Bhaar vrudhi (weight gain) from last 2.5 years while symptoms like Drubalya (fatigue), Sheet prachiti (feeling excessive cold), Bhrama (vertigo), Shwasakashtata (dyspnoea after walking), Katishool (backache) since last 2 years. Patient on modern medicine still he doesn’t get any satisfy relief, at the end patient decide to take Ayurvedic treatment only. For treatment patient was came to Nakshatra Ayurved Panchkarma clinic & Research center, Mumbai. Ayurvedic management include internal medicine, Rukshaya bashpa peti sweda. After 1.5 month patient got Excellent Result. All symptoms disappear, weight reduces up-to 4 kg, TSH level comes from 7.71 to 3.23. This is single case study, will Collect data of more cases for further Research