Revista MVZ Cordoba

e2046

Authors: Pablo N.H. Silva ; Bianca F. Dallo ; Anne C.A. Pesenti; Jucemara M. Medeiros ; André Martins ; Luciana P. Machado

Objective. To evaluate the use of a rapid immunochromatographic test, associated with a complete blood count and the search for viral inclusions as a method of diagnosing distemper in dogs. Materials and methods. Nineteen dogs, males and females, aged 2 to 120 months, with clinical suspicion of distemper, were examined at the UFFS Veterinary Hospital. Conjunctival swabs were collected to perform the rapid immunochromatographic test and 3-5 ml blood samples were drawn for complete blood count and Lentz corpuscle investigation. After performing the blood count, the blood was centrifuged, and the plasma was used to perform a second test. Results. Among the 19 suspect animals, seven were positive in the rapid test, both in blood plasma and conjunctival swab material; in two of these, Lentz bodies were observed. Conclusions. The association of the rapid immunochromatographic test with the complete blood count in dogs with clinical suspicion of distemper improves the chances of diagnosing the disease in the acute phase and the test can also be performed with blood plasma, using the same sample sent for complete blood count. The hematological study revealed that anemia and lymphopenia are the main changes in positive animals.

e2121

Authors: Juan Prisciliano Zárate-Martínez; Francisco Indalecio Juárez-Lagunes; Ángel Ríos-Utrera; Maribel Montero-Lagunes; Abraham Fragoso-Islas

Objective. To evaluate the reproductive performance of crossbred cows in the tropics of Mexico fed two levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), eliciting them to ovulate with a hormonal protocol and fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Material and methods.Twenty-seven multiparous cows were used. Twenty-one days before calving, cows were assigned to two treatments: T1= 4.5 kg of concentrate/cow/d and T2= 3.0 kg of concentrate/cow/d, and forage ad libitum in both treatments. Results. Cows assigned to T2 consumed more NDF (p<0.05) than cows assigned to T1 (38 vs 44% of the diet). The increment in forage consumption, up to the NDF allowed, compensated the provision of metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (MP), which were similar in cows of both treatments during the 15 days before calving. Cows fed with T2 tried to compensate the nutrients deficit consuming more forage (6.25 vs 7.37 kg of DM/d). The MP was always deficient during lactation for T1 and T2 cows. In T2 cows, the MP deficiency resulted in less milk nitrogen content. Cows assigned to T1 lost less body condition, which resulted in higher (p<0.05) pregnancy rate at first service (75.2 vs42.8%), although they did not produce more milk than T2 cows.Conclusions. NDF reduction in the ration from 44 to 38% and the application of the FTAI hormonal protocol reduce the open period to 105 d in lactating cows in the tropics.

e2172

Authors: Elia E Araiza-Rosales ; J. Natividad Gurrola-Reyes; Francisco O. Carrete-Carreón; Juan F Sánchez-Arroyo; Carlos U Haubi-Segura; Oscar G Alaniz-Villanueva; Damián Reyes-Jáquez

Objective. To evaluate the physicochemical properties, In vitro dry matter digestibility, and apparent nitrogen digestibility in fecal matter and urine of pigs of an extruded feed using common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a soybean meal substitute. Materials and methods. The standardization of the extrusion process was performed for two formulations of bean flour (Pinto Saltillo), cornflour (Cafime), and soybean meal at different proportions: 20/67/13% and 30/60/10%, respectively. Samples were processed in a single screw extruder at 120-150°C and a moisture content of 18-22%. The evaluated physicochemical properties were expansion index, bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index, hardness, water activity, and color parameters: L*, a*, and b*. The In vitro dry matter digestibility and apparent nitrogen digestibility in fecal matter and urine of pigs were evaluated using the optimal treatment previously obtained by seeking to decrease processing costs.Results. Optimal conditions for the 20% bean flour formulation were: Temperature of 124.4°C and moisture content of 18.59%. Extrusion temperature decreased bulk density, hardness, and water activity, but increased L* and expansion index. Moisture content decreased bulk density, water activity, hardness, and a*. In vitro dry matter digestibility was higher for the extruded bean diet compared to the control diet (92.33% vs. 85.33%). Conclusions. Results indicated that bean flour is a viable option for animal consumption in terms of nutritional value and digestibility.

e2197

Authors: Javier Painean P; Eduardo Raffo C; Ruben Mercado ; Sebastian Peña F; Pamela Muñoz A

Objective. Detect acid-fast oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. using the Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN) and apply molecular tools with the 18S rARN (18S rARN) and 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes to characterize the species and subtypes present in Valdivia province. Material and methods. 275 samples of calves from 15 dairy farms from the Valdivia province were analyzed by ZN stain. Samples that showed positive results to ZN were then submitted to PCR processing aiming as target the 18S rARN and gp60 genes, with subsequent sequencing of the latter. Results. 30 samples were positive to ZN, of which 46.6% (14/30) were confirmed by PCR amplification for 18S rARN and from those, 42.8% (6/14) also amplified the gp60 target using PCR. Posterior sequencing of this gene showed the presence of C. parvum in 100% of the isolates and the subtypes IIaA15G2R1 (3/6), IIaA14G1R1 (2/6) and IIaA17G1R1 (1/6). Conclusions. Subtype IIaA15G2R1 was predominant, being found within two communes of the province. The subtype IIaA14G1R1 was found in two farms belonging to the same commune and to our knowledge represents the first time this subtype has ever been reported in cattle in Chile and the continent. Finally, subtype IIaA17G2R1 has been found sporadically in calves just like in the present study. Furthermore, all three variants have already been reported infecting humans, however during the development of this study, we found no other records of studies that aimed the characterization of the subtypes of C. parvum from calves raising systems and workers, to have ever been conducted in Chile. Therefore, it is important to promote further investigation on this subject.

e2238

Authors: Andressa Silva-Santos ; Sandra R. Freitas-Pinheiro; Gabriel Machado-Dallago; Karynne L. Chaves-de-Paula; Thayssa de Oliveira Littiere ; Alexandro Aluísio-Rocha; Diana M. Correa-Castiblanco

Objective. Analyze the leukogram of meat-type quail inoculated inovo with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lauric acid (LA) while exposed to a sanitary challenge. Material and methods. The drinking water was placed seven days before the arrival of the quails and it was only refilled throughout the experiment. The treatments were applied on 480 fertile eggs in the 7th day of incubation: Negative control: not perforated; positive control: injected with the diluent (corn oil; CO); CLA120: 120 mg CLA /CO; CLA240: 240 mg CLA /CO; LA60: 60 mg LA /CO and LA90: 90 mg LA /CO. A completely randomized design with four replications was used. Total leukocytes and the differential leukocyte count were evaluated at 21 and 36 days of age. Results. No statistically effects (p>0.05) of any inoculations were observed in the parameters evaluated. We observed an average of 10927.1±2933.6 cell/μl, 61.6 ± 7.31%, 32.0 ± 7.13% and 0.57 ± 0.21 for leukocyte count, lymphocyte, heterophile and heterophile/lymphocyte ratio, respectively, at 21 days. At 36 days, we observed an overall average of 13291.7 ± 3559.0 cell/μl, 65.0 ± 9.29%, 29.3 ± 9.93% and 0.50 ± 0.24, for those same variables, respectively. Conclusions. The in ovo inoculation levels of CLA and LA did not affect the leucogram of meat-type quails raised in sanitary challenge.

e2340

Authors: Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera; Jorge Alonso Maldonado-Jáquez; Yuridia Bautista-Martínez ; Jonathan Raul Garay-Martínez ; María Genoveva Álvarez-Ojeda

Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the complementation schedule with an integral food in the production and chemical composition of the milk of lactating goats under grazing conditions in northern Mexico. Materials and methods. Twelve adult Saanen goats were assigned equitably and randomly to three treatments: control, morning complementation and evening complementation. It was measured dry matter consumption (DM), live weight (LW), body condition (CC), milk production (PL), chemical composition and performance of milk (protein, lactose and fat). Results. The highest total DM consumption was obtained in goats supplemented in the afternoon (p=0.02), and they were also the ones that produced the highest milk quantity (p<0.0001). The concentrations of protein (p=0.07) and lactose (p=0.10) in milk were not modified due to treatments. In contrast, the fat content in milk of the goats of the control group was higher (p<0.05) than the supplementation treatments. Conclusiones. Complementation in the afternoon improved the productive response of lactating goats in grazing during the dry season in northern Mexico

e2356

Authors: Adurrahman Anil Cagirgan; Kemal Pekmez; Murat Kaplan; Fatih Arslan; Gulnur Kalayci

Objective. This study was aimed to investigate the presence of pestivirus, schmallenberg virus (SBV), akabane virus (AKAV), and determined the seasonal distribution in small ruminant abortion cases Materials and methods. A total of 164 small ruminant aborted fetuses (39 goats and 125 sheep) were investigated in the West Turkey between the years of 2015 and 2019. While the SBV and pestivirus were examined with real-time RT-PCR, the AKAV was examined with nested-PCR. Results.In this study, while four sheep (2.3%) were found to be pestivirus positive, nine sheep and one goat (5.9%) were found to be AKAV positive. SBV was detected in none of the animals. According to the results of the studies carried out, AKAV, a vector-borne virus, was detected more than other viruses in sheep and goat abortions in West Turkey. A positive sample of akabane virus detected in sheep fetuses was sequenced based on the partial S segment. This sample showed 99-100% similarity to the Adana-15, Aksu-1, and Aksu-2 isolates previously detected in Southern Turkey. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequenced isolate in this study was clustered within genogroup Ib. Another important piece of data revealed in this study was the determination of the seasonal distribution of sheep and goat abortions. Abortion cases which started to increase in November reached a peak in February and declined till August. Conclusions. This is the first study in the Aegean Region (including seven provinces) in which three important viral agents were simultaneously investigated in small ruminant aborted fetuses.

e2599

Authors: Donicer Montes-Vergara; Darwin Hernández-Herrera; Diego Carrillo-González

Objective. Estimate the morphometric, phaneroptic, and four dominant gene diversity in backyard native birds with naked neck (Gallus domesticus L. Subspecie nudicollis) in the Sabanas subregion, department of Sucre - Colombia. Materials and methods. Overall, 650 adult birds (480 hens and 170 roosters) from 10 different locations, 14 morphometric variables, eight phaneroptics, and four dominant genes were measured. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Animals were compared between localities by means of the analysis of variance and Duncan test. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated from body weight and tarsal size, morphostructural harmony was evaluated from the correlations between the measurements, and the frequencies of the Frizzled feather, silky feather, pilopody, and polydactyly genes and their influence were estimated on four morphometric variables. Phaneroptic variables were evaluated using frequencies. Results. The analyzed descriptors showed a superiority in roosters than over hens as well as between localities (p<0.001). Bodyweight and tarsal length were sexual differentiators (p<0.001). Low bodily harmony was evidenced. The estimated allele frequencies were low except for the Polydactyly gene, because the birds with this gene were significantly larger (p<0.001). The phaneroptic characteristics describe a bird with normal brown plumage, white tarsi, a red lobe color, and a red-orange eye, with a simple crest and small-medium size in hens and medium-large in roosters. Conclusions. A heterogeneous population with great phaneroptic variability was found. There are indications of introgression of specialized breeds. The frequencies of the dominant genes were low, with higher performance for the characteristics BW, BL, TP, LL and WL in birds with polydactyly genotype.

e2013

Authors: Jesus Berdugo-Gutiérrez ; Ariel Tarazona-Morales; Carlos Muskus-López; Julían Echeverry-Zuluaga ; Albeiro López-Herrera

Objetive. This work compares granulosa cell gene expression using RNA analysis from pre-ovulatory follicles from two different bovine species (buffaloes and cattle). Materials and methods. The RNA was obtained from granulosa cells from ovaries of 10 buffaloes and cattle obtained at the local slaughterhouse, was sequenced with Novaseq, and the differential expression was analyzed using EdgeR in Bioconductor, and the function was assigned according to gene ontology terms. Results. Differential gene expression analyzes shown significant differences between species, but the most important feature is the low participation of genes associated with the reproductive process of follicular development, highlighting the importance of paracrine control of the ovary. It was found that between buffaloes and cattle, there is practically no correspondence in the gene expression of the physiological states evaluated; 6137 genes show differential expression between the two species. Conclusions. Each species has its way of performing the same process. The differences in the expression of the genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are evident, and new ways to look at the presented results are required to understand the biological significance of the findings.

e2147

Authors: Jorge Juárez-Rosales; Jesus T. Ponce-Palafox; Alma D. Román-Gutiérrez ; Elena M. Otazo-Sánchez; Griselda Pulido-Flores ; Yolanda Marmolejo-Santillán ; Raúl Tapia-Varela; Mario A. Benítez-Mandujano

The polyculture of tilapia fish and shrimp is one of the mitigation techniques to reduce sanitary impact and effluents in shrimp farms. It mostly aims to increase production and control water quality of effluents. Some cases of success have reported the control of certain diseases and the improvement of soil quality in earthen ponds. This review analyzes the benefits obtained in terms of water quality, sediments, environment, production increase, and improvement of zootechnical parameters of shrimp polycultured with tilapia fish. Shrimp-tilapia polycultures can contribute with a positive effect to water quality and sediments from ponds and effluents of farms; this depends on density and environment conditions where polycultures are developed. However, they must be adapted, and their functionality and commercial profitability must be proven at small and large scales

e2361

Authors: Jefersson Stiven Salgado-Ruíz; Dumar Alexander Jaramillo-Hernández

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a disease caused by RNA virus, Flaviviridae family, genus Pestivirus,known as Pestivirus C. Its worldwide distribution is now known and causes large economic losses in pig production. Its only natural reservoirs are pig and wild boar. The objective of this review is to present an update on some relevant epidemiological and immunopathological aspects of CSF. CSF is a notifiable disease for Colombia and persistently infected animals are the key to its dissemination and endemicity. CSF virus infection is characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression, depending on the severity of the virulence of the different strains. The virus has an affinity for monocytes/macrophages and vascular endothelial cells where it can induce different cellular mechanisms that allow it to proliferate and persist in the animal, such as: oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species generating decrease of the bioavailability of nitric oxide; mitochondrial fission that allows cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis; and immunosuppression due to the depletion of T and B lymphocytes created by pyroptosis based on gasdermin-D in peripheral lymphoid organs that reduces the humoral and cellular immune response. Immunopathological understanding from molecular explanation in CSF is important in the conceptual contribution of the development of new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies that allow to control/eradicate this disease.