Revista MVZ Cordoba

e2372

Authors: Ricardo Rivero H; Marco Gonzalez Tous; Salim Mattar

SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic virus a year ago and has caused more than 140 million confirmed cases and 3 million deaths worldwide (1). In late 2020, vaccines based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were the first to be approved in the health emergency. The spike protein interacts with the human ACE2 receptor at the beginning of the infection process, this basic knowledge gave rise to a vaccine whose target of action was the spike to trigger the action of neutralizing antibodies (2). Vaccines applied in the Western Hemisphere do not follow the traditional route of attenuated or inactive viruses; the new trend is messenger RNA methodologies, some are inserted into viral vectors that present the antigen to the cells of the immune system cells and induce humoral memory. However, vaccines based on recombinant peptides, attenuated and inactive viruses, have been successfully applied in Latin America and Asia, which overcome storage temperature and geopolitical aspects limitations.

e2129

Authors: Héctor M. Rodríguez-Magadán; Jorge Hernández-Bautista; Said Cadena Villegas; Teodulo Salinas-Rios; Edmundo Silva-Rodríguez; Honorio Torres-Aguilar; Eliseo Sosa-Montes

Objective. To evaluate the reproductive response, metabolic state and body changes in Dorper and Katahdin ewes supplemented with 2 energy levels prior to insemination. Materials and methods. The animals used in this experiment were 14 Katahdin and 13 Dorper ewes distributed in two treatments, in which estrus had been synchronized. Fourteen days prior to synchronization of estrus, the ewes were distributed in two treatments according to the energy level of the diet, T1:2.0 and T2:2.5 Mcal kg-1 of ME. Feeding consisted of 14 days of adaptation and 14 of feeding with integral diet. At the start and finish of each study, measurements were made of backfat thickness, area of the ribeye, body weight, and glucose and insulin concentrations. The principal reproductive parameters were measured, such as response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity. Analyses of variance were made along with ji-squared tests to determine the effect of the energy level and genotype. Results. The genotype and energy level did not affect any of the variables measured, although it was found that with both energy levels there was an increase in glucose concentrations, as well as an increase in weight, body fat and area of the rib-eye. Conclusions. Because there was no difference in the reproductive parameters and body changes with feeding in the 2 energy levels, it is preferable to use the feed with 2.0 Mcal kg-1 of ME, given that it reduces costs.

e2125

Authors: David Minaya; Lorena Alvariño-Flores; Rosa María Urbano-Cueva; José Iannacone

Objective.To assess the community structure of helminths and parasitic crustaceans in the splittail bass Hemanthias peruanus (Steindachner, 1875) from northern Peru. Materials and methods.75 specimens (34 males and 41 females) of H. peruanus were captured from Puerto Cabo Blanco, Piura, Peru. Total length and sex data of the fish were recorded. For the analysis of the parasitic community, the ecological parasitological indices, aggregation indices, alpha diversity indices and association between the biometric parameters of the fish and the parasitological indices were calculated. Results. The percentage of total prevalence in splittail bass infected with at least one parasitic metazoan species was 65.33%, that is, 49 parasitized hosts. The community component of the parasitic eumetazoan fauna in the evaluated fish was dominated by the presence of ectoparasites (three species of monogeneans and one species of isopod). Endoparasite abundance (two species of trematodes, one species of tapeworms and one species of acanthocephalan) was comparatively low. Biotic factors such as fish length and sex were not found to be related to parasitological indices of any parasitic species. The lack of association is probably due to the influence of other biotic or abiotic factors. The most prevalent parasites presented an aggregate type distribution. The Chao-1 estimator indicates that the expected richness was eight. Conclusions. We registered H. peruanusas a new host for Ceratothoa gaudichaudii, Corynosoma australe, Parancylodiscoides signifer, Pronotogrammella scholzi and Scolex pleuronectis

e2165

Authors: José E. Ortíz-Esquivel ; José Alberto Rosado-Aguilar; Roger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas ; Marco Torres-Castro ; Edwin José Gutiérrez-Ruiz; Arturo Bates-Acosta; Fernando I. Puerto

Objective. To determine the circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in horses from the eastern Yucatán, Mexico. Materials and Methods. For convenience, 184 horses from 23 production units in the municipalities of Tizimín and Panabá, Yucatán, were studied. A blood serum sample was obtained from each studied horse and evaluated with an immunoglobulin M antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) to detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) against WNV. Additionally, positive reactor and suspect serum samples were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect viral RNA. Results. Eight studied horses were seropositive (4.3%, 8/184) to WNV and two were suspects (1.1%, 2/184). All serum samples were negative by RT-PCR. Conclusions. The detection of IgM specific against WNV in the studied horses shows recent infections with the virus and indicates its circulation in eastern Yucatán, Mexico.

e2170

Authors: Valiollah Palangi

Objective. Sallow leaves are the leaves of sallow trees that fall in the fall, and their disposal represents an environmental problem since they are potential pollutants. One of their most promising alternatives uses feedstuffs in ruminant diets. Materials and methods. Four mathematical models were used to describe the ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of sallow leaves: non lagged exponential (Model I); lagged exponential (Model II); Gompertz (Model III), and generalized Mitscherlich (Model IV). Results. Results of DM and CP degradability characteristics showed that all the models fitted well (r2>0.98) to the disappearance data. There were minor differences between the models in terms of statistical evaluations. However, the models differed in the estimated parameters depending on the model’s nature and structure and the parameters included. Conclusions. Given that some models estimated negative values for the studied parameters, they were not biologically acceptable. For this reason, the only model I can be used for estimating the degradability of DM and CP of sallow leaves. In terms of effective degradability (ED) of DM, model III was not used in the calculations because of calculating negative values for part A. Sallow leaves constitute the largest possible proportion of the ruminal degradability fractions, and effective degradability can be used as a forage source in ruminant feeds.

e2023

Authors: José L. Ponce-Covarrubias ; Blanca C. Pineda-Burgos; Pedro E. Hernández-Ruiz; Edgar Valencia-Franco; Ricardo Vicente-Pérez; Ethel C. García y González

Objective. Theaimof the present study was to evaluate the control of bovine papillomatosis (BP) with an autogenous vaccine under tropical conditions in the State of Guerrero, Mexico. Materials and methods. For the experiment, 18 cows were used, divided in three treatment groups according to the ranch (six cows per group). Treatment 1 (T1-immunevaccine), treatment 2 (T2-histovaccine) and treatment 3 (T3-plasma therapy). Results. At the beginning of the study, a high incidence of papillomas was encountered among cows [(T1 (190 papilloma), T2 (95 papilloma) and T3 (100 papilloma)]. The administration of the autogenous vaccine produced a significant reduction (T1 and T3) in the papillomas number through the applications from 1 (147 and 66 papillomas) to 5 (10 and 9 papillomas); (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference among treatments according to the period of application (3 to 5) decreasing the number of lesions (period effect; p<0.05). In addition, an interaction treatment x period was observed, decreasing the number of papillomas in the fourth and fifth administrations (T1 and T3; p<0.05). Conclusions. The repeated administration of the autogenous vaccine in female bovines decreased the number of papillomas at the fourth and fifth application in treatments 1 and 3.

e2047

Authors: Astrid I. Gómez-Flores ;Juan J. Chávez-López ; Daniela M.Villatoro-Chacón

Objetive. To determine the casuistry of neurological diseases, as well as the age, race and affected neuroanatomical sites. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the clinical records of canine patients attended was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the University Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala in 2017. The data were classified according to the VitaminD mnemonic rule. The variables sex, race, age, and neuroanatomical localization of lesions were included. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics through frequency distribution tables. Results. From 1127 case records, the prevalence of neurological diseases was 8.43%. The frequency was higher in males than in females (53.68% vs 46.32%). The most affected age group ranges from zero to seven years. Regarding breeds, a higher frequency was observed in canines without defined breed (25.53%) followed by French Poodle dogs (20.21%). The pathologies found were vascular (1.05%), inflammatory/infectious (25.26%), traumatic (13.68%), metabolic (8.42%), idiopathic (6.32%), neoplastic (1.05%) and degenerative (44.21%). The most common neurolocalization was at the CNS level (86.32%). Conclusions. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that degenerative diseases represented most of the neurological casuistry. The highest frequency of cases occurred in young canine patients, males of mixed breeds. The most frequent neuroanatomical site of lesions was in the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar level.

e2040

Authors: Ramsés Alfaro-Mora; Ruth Castro-Vásquez ; Julia Rodríguez B3 ; Gaby Dolz

Objective: To identify, by molecular techniques, the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in an equine sarcoid and to perform histological characterization. Materials and methods:Using a sarcoid lesion from an American Paint Horse mare, nucleic acid extraction and identification by molecular techniques were performed. A partial region of the gene corresponding to the L1 segment of papillomavirus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and then, it was sequenced and analyzed using the BLAST algorithm. The tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and analyzed under a 100X optical microscope. Results: BPV-2 was detected in the equine sarcoid lesion; the lesion was classified as nodular according to its morphological and histological characteristics. The histopathology showed a fibrotic lesion, with exophytic neoplasiaand expansion of the spinous layer. Conclusions: The study demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of, via molecular techniques, BPV-2 in an equine sarcoid in Costa Rica and its association with a nodular-type sarcoid

e2199

Authors: Gabriel L Cicuttin; María N. De Salvo; Paula Díaz-Pérez; Daniela Lamattina; Evelina L.Tarragona; Viviana M. Orcellet; Santiago Nava

Objetive. The aim of the present study was to detect Borrelia spp. in different species of ticks of the genus Amblyomma from Argentina. Materials andMethods.Amblyomma tick specimens collected from various provinces of Argentina (Entre Ríos, Misiones, Formosa, Salta, Córdoba, San Luis and Buenos Aires) were analyzed by nested PCR for a 306 bp fragment of the gene fla of the genus Borrelia. Results. A total of 422 tick specimens (Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma tigrinum, Amblyomma tonelliaeand Amblyomma triste) from various regions of Argentina were studied. All samples were negative by PCR for a fragment of the gene fla of Borrelia spp. Conclusions. The tick species of the genus Amblyomma analyzed in the present study are important for public health; although infection with bacteria of the genus Borrelia was not detected. However, considering the few previous antecedents in the region, future studies on this genus of ticks are necessary.

e2220

Authors: José Antonio Estrada-Godinez; Gustavo Alejandro Rodríguez-Montes-de-Oca; María del Rosario Pacheco-Marges; María Isuara Bañuelos-Vargas; Luz Estela Rodríguez-Ibarra

Objective. This study aimed to assess the effect of tannic acid and protease on the elimination of adhesiveness in fertilized eggs of striped catfish, P. hypophthalmus, to improve the incubation conditions. Materials and methods. Tannic acid at 0.5 g L-1 for 5 min and protease at 5 mL L-1for 8 min were used to eliminate the adhesive coat of fertilized eggs, and a control group was used without chemical addition. Then, the eggs from all treatments were incubated at 26, 28, and 30°C. Results. The eggs treated withprotease did not hatch at any temperature, while in eggs treated with tannic acid and incubated at 26 and 28°C, hatching rates above 60% were observed, where those eggs incubated at 28°C (84.7±1.3%) had the highest hatching rates (p<0.05) among all the treatments. The eggs of the control group had significantly higher hatching percentages (14.2 ± 0.6%) when they were incubated at 28°C than at 26 or 30°C. Conclusions. The results showed a significant interaction between the type of degumming and the incubation temperature, indicating that tannic acid produces the best hatching percentage at 28°C.

e2123

Authors: Giovany Ortiz-Arana; Matín Talavera-Rojas; Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez; Jorge Acosta-Dibarrat

Nanoparticles (NPs) are generally less than 100 nm in size and originate either naturally or through human activities. According to their constituent elements, NPs exhibit unique and specific functions. In veterinary science, metallic NPs are considered revolutionary and an innovative tool that ushered in a new era in the transformation of drug and vaccine vehicles, diagnosis and treatment of infectious and degenerative diseases, improvement of the zootechnical aspects of animal breeding and reproduction, and innovations in the tools involved in safety monitoring of food products from animal origin. In this review, we focused on studies that highlighted the applications of metallic NPs in veterinary science, thereby providing the current holistic view on the scope and limitations of nanotechnology in different areas of veterinary science.