Revista MVZ Cordoba

e1940

Authors: Ahmet Yusuf ŞENGUL; Turgay ŞENGUL; Şenol CELİK; Gülüzar ŞENGÜL; Aydın DAŞ; Hakan İNCİ; Aydın Şukru BENGU

Objective. This study was conducted to research the effects of different levels of dried white mulberry (Morus alba) pulp supplementation in diets of laying quail on yield performances, egg quality, blood parameters, yolk fatty acid profiles and cholesterol concentrations. Materials and Methods. A completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and four replicates, was applied. The experimental treatments were M0: control diet; M4: dietary inclusion of 4% mulberry pulp; M8: dietary inclusion of 8% mulberry pulp; M12: dietary inclusion of 12% mulberry pulp. This experiment was carried out for 4 weeks, and 128 7-week-old female quail were used. Results. Addition of dried mulberry pulp to the diet significantly affected weekly feed intake, egg yield, albumin index, yolk weight, triglyceride, LDL, serum cholesterol and yolk cholesterol levels (p<0.05, p<0.01). The feed conversion ratio, egg weight, and egg yolk fatty acid profile were not significantly affected by the dried mulberry pulp in the diet. Conclusions. As a result, it may be stated that adding dried mulberry pulp up to 8% of the diets of laying quail does not cause any adverse effects and may be used without any problems.

e1953

Authors: Yecenia Gutiérrez-Rubio; Juan F. Arzola-González;Raúl Pérez-González;Guillermo Rodríguez-Domínguez; José Salgado-Barragán; Jorge S. Ramírez-Pérez; Adrián González-Castillo

Objetivo. Se analizó la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad del cangrejo roca Grapsus grapsus en islas Lobos, Venados y Pájaros (sureste del Golfo de California). Material y métodos. Los muestreos fueron mensuales entre marzo 2011 y febrero 2012, las colectas fueron nocturnas durante la bajamar, se obtuvieron en un cuadrante (25 m2) por isla 30 organismos al azar, se les determinó el AN (mm) y PT (g). Se estimó la proporción de sexos y talla de primera madurez sexual (AN50%), se analizaron en hembras grávidas, las fases embrionarias y la fecundidad (método gravimétrico). Resultados. La proporción de M:H fue 1:1.3. La talla media de primera madurez fue AN50% 34.9 mm. Es evidente la presencia de hembras ovígeras (71.3%) y todas las fases embrionarias, la fase rojo-naranja fue la mayor representada en 48%. La variación del diámetro del huevo fue 1.1 a 5 μm y el promedio de 3.05μm. La fecundidad media fue 24339.3 cigotos. El máximo y mínimo peso de hembras ovígeras fue 69.9 y 15.2 g, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Con base a las características biológicas del recurso tales como la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad en la población de G. grapsus, representa un efecto favorable en su posterior administración y manejo de este recurso en esta zona

e1966

Authors: Ítalo Câmara-de-Almeida; Fabrício Albani-Oliveira; Ana P. Madureira; Graziela Barioni; Ciro A. Alves-Torres

Objective. To evaluate the efficiency of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on the pregnancy rate of crossbred cows from different body condition score (BCS) in the postpartum period in timed artificial insemination (TAI). Material and methods. The cows were subjected to the same hormone protocol: Day zero (D0), progesterone-release intravaginal device (PRID) and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB); D8, withdrawal of PRID, application 0.150 mg of prostaglandin. On D8, the animals were distributed into three treatments: 1 – (TeCG; n = 98) injection of 300 IU eCG; 2 – (TFSH; n = 84) injection of 20 mg of FSH and; 3 – (Control; n = 115) without further treatment. On D9, all animals received 1 mg of EB; D10, TAI of all the cows. After 30 days from TAI, ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy was performed. Results. Pregnancy rate did not differ among eCG (52.04%), FSH (40.47%), and Control (40.00%) treated cows (p>0.05). In cows with low body condition, the pregnancy rate was higher (p<0.05) for cows treated with eCG (41.46%) when compared to FSH (18.18%) and Control (17.07%) cows. The postpartum interval among treatments was similar (p>0.05) (35–65 or 66–95days). Conclusions. The use of eCG or FSH did not result in an increase in the pregnancy rate when compared to the control treatment; however, eCG improved the pregnancy rate of cows with low body condition scores

e1959

Authors: Débora E. Hernández-Pérez; Carlos Gil-Durán; Renato Chávez-Rosales; Ramón O. García-Rico

Objective. Analyzed the effect of xylan and rice husk as sole sources of carbon on the FAE activity and expression of faeA and faeB genes of Penicillium rubens (Wisconsin 54-1255), in submerged fermentation. Materials and methods. The fermentations were carried out for 24, 48, and 72 h (28°C/250 rpm), in flasks with a modified Sakamoto medium. FAE activity was determined using the synthetic substrate Ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate. The transcription of faeA and faeB was analyzed by RT-PCR. The PCR products were resolved by electrophoresis and analyzed by densitometry. Results. The analysis of gene expression showed that the use of xylan had a positive effect on the expression of both genes. The highest transcriptional activity of both faeA and faeB was detected at 48 h. On the other hand, rice husk showed negative results. The data obtained when the FAE activity was determined, supported the results observed in the gene expression analysis. Conclusion. Different from xylan the rice husk did not demonstrate an inducer effect on the feruloyl esterase activity in P. rubens

e2033

Authors: Ricardo Martínez-Rocha; Rodolfo Ramírez-Valverde; Rafael Núñez-Domínguez;José G. García-Muñiz; Gaspar M. Parra-Bracamonte

Objective. To characterize growth curves and reproductive performance of Romosinuano cows in Mexico. Materials and methods. Weightand age records (928)of females (117) for growth traits and calving records (459) of cows (113) for reproductive traits were analyzed. Four non-linear mixed models were adjusted to describe the growth curves. Indicators of age at 50% of maturity (A50M), and percentage of maturity at 18 months of age (PM18) were estimated. The reproductive performance was evaluated through the age at first calving (AFC), the calving interval (CI), and calving rate (CR). Results. The Brody model showed the best adjustment to the growth curve. The Aparameter, which estimates maturity weight, fluctuated within 430.2 and 466.2 kg; the b parameter within 0.94 and 5.45; and the kparameter within 0.001 and 0.002; depending on the used model. The A50M varied from 20 to 21 months, and the PM18 from 44.5 to 45.5%. The means for AFC, CI, and CR at 550 d were 1059±282 d, 553±68 d, and 74±19%; those indicators improved (p<0.05) when cows have a higher percentage of their maturity weight, depending on calving season. Conclusions. The estimates of maturity weight indicate that Romosinuano cattle could be considered as a breed of small or medium size, with an acceptable reproductive ability. The females with small estimated maturity size aged at first calving earlier than cows with high weights.

e1989

Authors: Jorge López-Macías; Julbrinner Salas-Benavides

Objective. To assess the effect of the inclusion of viscera hydrolyzate meal in diets for trout fry, “Kamloop” variety, in terms of weight, length and biomass gains, apparent feed conversion, and survival. Materials and methods. This essay was developed at the Guirapungo - Corponariño Environmental and Fish Farming Center, in eight concrete pools, subdivided each pool, into three compartments of equal dimensions. An Unrestricted Random Design (URD) was used, made up of 1680 trout fry, with an average stocking weight of 1.24±0.024 g, distributed in four treatments, six replications per treatment, for a total of 24 units experimental, with 70 fish per experimental unit and 420 fish per treatment. Results. Treatment 4, (diet with 20% viscera hydrolyzed) recorded the greatest weight, length and biomass gains, the best feed conversion and average survival. In contrast, the T1 treatment (commercial feed) reported the least adequate productive variables. Conclusions. The incorporation of fish viscera hydrolysate, as a protein source in balanced diets of rainbow trout, improve the zootechnical variables of fish production, due to the biological value of the diets that the hydrolyzate contains.

e1878

Authors: Shahabodin Gharahveysi; Mohammad Ali Jafari

Objective. Canola meal is one of the most important vegetable protein that contained the anti-nutritional factors. The aim of the study was to study the effect of canola processing on the intestine traits, blood metabolites, and kidney enzymes of broiler breeders. Material and methods. Four hundred fifty broiler breeder hens were used for 3 months. The completely randomized design was used with 6 treatments (unprocessed, processed by Lactobacillus Plantarum, Bacillus Subtilis, Aspergillus Oryzae, Neurospora Cytophilla, and Alkalase enzyme) and 5 replications. The collected data were analyzed by the LSmeans procedure of SAS statistical software. Results. The effects of treatments were significant on blood metabolites (p<0.05). Glucose concentration and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) were increased by processing methods. Also, the caecum, jejunum and duodenum weight were influenced(p<0.05). The weight of the duodenum and jejunum was increased and caecum weight was decreased. The processing of canola meal increased the length of the villi and decreased the depth of the crypt of the jejunum (p<0.05). Treatments effect was significant on the Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0.05). The effect of treatments was significant on the digestive amylase, lipase and protease activity (p<0.05). The canola process improved its digestibility. In other words, its protein quality, fatty acid profile and antimicrobial properties were improved. Conclusions. The different processing methods of canola improved the hen’s traits. It can be recommended to use the processed meal instead of the raw canola meal

e1964

Authors: Ligia Jaimes-Cruz; Esdras Mendoza-Orellana; Cristian Menjivar-Dominguez; Elsy Montoya-Almendarez; Ángel Giraldo-Mejía; Héctor Correa-Cardona

Objectives To assess the effect of wet extrusion on the in vitro digestibility (pepsin-cellulase) of dry matter (IVDDM) and fiber in neutral detergent (IVDNDF) of kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus(Hochst ex Chiov)). Materials and methods Six samples of this grass harvested at 35 days of regrowth (5.0 kg/sample) were collected and cut to 2.0 cm; a subsample was taken from each sample for the formation of a mixture composed of raw grass in which the content of crude protein (CP), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), ashes (Ash), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), IVDDM, and IVDNDF was determined. The remaining amount of each of the six samples was wet-extrusioned into a 2.0mm outlet conical single screw extruder rotating at 1300 rpm. The same analyzes were carried out on the bagasse obtained from each sample and in the raw sample. Data were analyzed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. Results. The bagasse obtained by wet extrusion of kikuyu grass presented a higher content of NDF and ADF with a lower content of CP and Ash than the raw grass, while the IVDDM increased by more than 8% and the IVDNDF by more than 36%. Conclusions. Wet extrusion significantly improves kikuyu grass IVDDM and IVDNDF.