A Journal of Clinical Dentistry-Heal Talk

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Authors: Dr. Divya P.G. Student Dr. Namrataa Rastogi Professor & HOD Dr. Pragati Navit Reader Dr. Himanshu Saxena P.G. Student Dr. Richa Siingh Senior Lecturer Dr. Manvi Joshi P.G. Student Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Chandra Dental College & Hospital, Lucknow

The word apnoea is derived from Greek word means without breathing. Guilleminault et al1 (1976) first described sleep apnoea syndrome. Sleep apnoea is of three types:- obstructive, central and mixed. Obstructive sleep apnoea(OSA)is defined as cessation of airflow with persistant respiratory effort, due to collapse of the upper airways. Central apnoea is a cessation of airflow with no respiratory effort due to a short withdrawal of the central nervous drive to the respiratory muscles. Mixed apnoea is central apnoea passing into obstructive apnoea.

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Authors: Dr Rohan Gupta Assistant professor Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology Rajasthan Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur Dr Nidha Madan PG student Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Mahatama Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur

Enamel matrix derivative proteins (EMD) are secreted by the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) during tooth development and may be critical in the formation of cementum. These proteins share similar amino acid sequences between bovine, porcine and human species. Because of these inter-species similarities, EMD for dental use is sequestered from developing teeth of fetal pigs and is marketed by the Straumann Company as EmdogainÒ gel. This gel is composed mainly of amelogenin, which makes up 90% of the enamel matrix derivative proteins and it is thought to be the key protein associated with cementogenesis during tooth formation. The remaining 10% of EMD is proline-rich non-amelogenins including among them: tuftelin, tuft protein, ameloblastin and amelin. The material is a viscous gel obtained by mixing 1 ml of a vehicle solution with a powder and applied with a syringe into the site.

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Authors: Dr. Geeta Hatte P.G.Student Dr. Sunil Dogra P.G.Student Dr.Mahesh Ghadage P.G.Student Dr. Maya Dalaya Professor Department of Prosthodontics Bharati Vidya Peeth Dental College & Hospital, Navi Mumbai Dr. Sagarika P.G.Student Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery V. S. Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore

The use of ceramic veneers provides predictable results and conservation of tooth structure, for the esthetic treatment of anterior teeth with anomalous positions or appearance. This article reports the management of a patient with maxillary incisors diastemas in which porcelain laminate veneers used to achieve the desired esthetic result.

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Authors: Dr. Akshita Arora P.G. Student Dr. Ajay Singh Professor & HOD

Super-Bond C&B™ (4- methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride and tri-n-butylborane) is being used extensively in all fields of dentistry today with a wide range of clinical applications . It offers advantages of immediate replacement of teeth along with strong adhesion which can adequately resist different functional stresses generated in the oral cavity .The present case report demonstrates the use of this adhesive cement in the field of fixed prosthodontics as a long term interim prosthesis to bond an acrylic tooth with the adjacent teeth in case of lack of proper abutment support.

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Authors: Dr. Udai Raj Sharma PG Student Dr. Tripti Tikku Professor & HOD Dr. Rohit Khanna Professor Dr. Sneh Lata Verma Reader Dr. Rana P Maurya Reader Dr. Kamna Srivastava Reader Dr. Akhil Agarwal Reader Dept of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences Lucknow, India

Introduction: Orthodontics, like many other areas of life, is going digital. Many orthodontists are joining other health professionals in using paperless patient information systems that include virtual chart notes and health histories, and digital photographs and radiographs. However, a major obstacle for orthodontists is the necessity of plaster study models of a patient's dentition for treatment planning. The introduction of modern computer-based orthodontic record systems with integrated digital photos and radiographic pictures will probably lead to the replacement of plaster casts with virtual digital models in the near future. The objective of this study was to compare the mesio-distal width of the teeth as measured on standard plaster study models and their photographs. Methods: Alginate impressions of maxillary arch of 15 subjects were taken and poured in dental stone. The mesio-distal width of all the teeth from right second molar to left second molar were measured with the help of an analog caliper to the nearest 0.5mm on the study models. The photographs of the occlusal view of the study models were taken with a scale placed on the left side of the plaster model for calibration. These photographs were transferred to Nemotec software. The mesio-distal width of the same teeth as measured on study models were recorded on their photographs using Nemotec Software. A single factor ANOVA was used to compare reliability and validity of mesio-distal width of the teeth as measured on the study models and their photographs. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the mesio-distal width of the teeth as measured on study models and their occlusal photographs. Conclusion: The results indicate a similarity between photographic and physical measurements thus indicating that photographic records can serve as an alternative to study models. This might help in eliminating the need for storage of plaster models as well as eliminate the risk of breakage of study models during storage. Storage of models in the electronic format will also allow for exchange of information between fellow orthodontists and eliminate any errors arising due to breakage of study models.

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Authors: Dr. Sanjay Kumar Singh Reader Dept. of Orthodontics Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental And Medical College, Lucknow. Dr. Panna Lal Jaiswal Junior Resident III Dept. of Orthodontics Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental And Medical College, Lucknow. Dr. Vamsi Krishna Reddy Professor & HOD Dept. of Orthodontics Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental And Medical College, Lucknow. Dr. Sabyasachi Shaha Ex Proffessor & HOD Dept. of Orthodontics Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental And Medical College, Lucknow. Dr. Shivanjali Grover Reader Dept. of Orthodontics Subharti Dental College Meerut

Introduction-The literal meaning of malocclusion means 'bad bite'. The prevalence of malocclusion varies in different parts of the world among various populations. Ethnic, genetic and environmental factors are the major contributors in the specific cause of malocclusion. Materials and methods- An observational cross sectional study was done to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among school going children aged 12 and 15 years in Lucknow city using DAI index. After sample size calculation it was estimated that study population comprised of 580 children, i.e. Total of 145 children to be examined from each zone. Result - In this study the prevalence of malocclusion among 12 yrs old was found to be 48.4% while for 15 yrs old was 46.5% with higher in females than males. The results of this study reveals that a higher percentage of the school children aged 12 and 15 years of Lucknow city are affected with malocclusion. . Therefore it can be concluded that the need for orthodontic correction is higher among these study subjects of Lucknow city.

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Authors: Dr. Radhika Kapoor P. G. Student Dr. Devaraj C.G. Professor and HOD

Background: A direct correlation exists between gingival thickness and susceptibility for gingival recession following surgical and restorative procedures. Attempts are being made to perform several dental procedures rapidly and atraumatically.Measurement of gingival thickness has become the matter of significant interest. Thickness of gingival tissues has been measured using various techniques like transgingival probing,vernier calipers, ultrasonography, but none of these techniques have shown to be consistent and better than others.So an accurate diagnosis of gingival tissue thickness is of importance in devising an appropriate treatment plan and achieving a predictable esthetic outcome. Aim:The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the gingival thickness as measured by transgingival probing and ultrasonographic methods. Materials & Methods: 40 systemically healthy, non-smoker individuals were included in the study. The gingival measurements were recorded from the mid-buccal and interdental papillary regions of maxillary and mandibular central incisor, lateral incisor and canine by transgingival probing and ultrasonographic methods. Results: It was observed that the gingiva was significantly thicker in the younger age group than the older age group. In females, the gingiva was found to be thinner than that in the males and in comparison to the mandibular arch, the gingiva was thicker in the maxillary arch. It was also demonstrated in the present study that the thickness of the gingiva varies with the tooth sites, i.e. mid-buccally and interdental papillary region and also with morphology of the crown. Conclusion: In the present study, it was concluded that the gingival thickness varies according to the age, gender, tooth morphology, site and dental arch. It was also found that in comparison to thetransgingival probingmethod, the ultrasonographic method assesses gingival thickness more accurately, rapidly and atraumatically

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Authors: Dr. Meenakshi Gupta PG Student Dr. Tripti Tikku Prof & HOD Dr. Rohit Khanna Professor Dr. Rana Pratap Maurya Reader Dr. Kamna Srivastava Reader

Introduction: The smile is an important feature of facial appearance and is highly correlated with a better quality of life and interpersonal success. The facial morphology and feature are different in males and females so is the overall soft tissues profile which affects smile that would also vary in males and females. Thus this study was intended to compare smile esthetics in male and female subjects with pleasing smile on digital videographic images, using Digimizer software. Materials and Method: The posed smile, reproducible in maximum frames, was selected from the digital videographic images of 600 subjects. The images were cropped and edited in Adobe Photoshop for rating by a panel of judges (2 Orthodontists, 2 plastic Surgeons, 2 beauticians and 2 laymen) on a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale. The subjects with scores 7-10 considered to be having smile was divided in Group I (101 females) and Group II (108 males). 10 Horizontal, 10 Vertical and 4 Angular parameters were measured using Digimizer Software and adequate comparisons were made. Results: Sexual dimorphisms was seen with females having significantly increased smile width, buccal corridor, visible posterior teeth show, increased upper incisor to lower lip distance and increased upper lip curvature, whereas males had increased 3-3 distance, 4-4 distances, more amount of midline deviation, interlabial gap, lower lip vermilion height and gingival display ( p <0.001). Conclusions: The adequate treatment plan must be formulated for males and females separately with emphasis on variable smile attributes as per the genders. The ultimate goal of any orthodontic treatment should be to achieve consonant or curved smile arc for both males and females.