EsSEx: Revista Científica

Number 6, 2021

7-14
Apresentação clínica do transtorno depressivo maior em militares do exército brasileiro: uma revisão sistemática

Authors: Eliane Schaeffer, Liuhan Oliveira de Miranda, Diogo de Souza Leão da Rocha Pereira

Abstract

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common mental health disorder in the Brazilian Army (BA), where most of its members are healthy, young and fit men. In order to enable a better diagnosis and treatment of MDD in the military, predictive models (PM) were created in other countries, which currently do not exist in BA. This article aims to propose, for the first time, a predictive model of this pathology aimed specifically at the population group of military personnel in the BA. A systematic review was carried out based on the databases: Pubmed, LILACS and BDEX, where the search words: 'depression', 'military' and 'mental health' were used. A total of 190 articles were selected, among which 12 were chosen for the review composition after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The presence of two large international MPs (the STARRS-LS and Finnegan et al.) Was observed, which serve as a theoretical basis for the structuring of our MP, plus 3 articles belonging to the Brazilian army and allies on the Brazilian terrestrial border

15-24
Bioterrorismo: o "estado da arte" da detecção de agentes patogênicos

Authors: Victor Hugo Giordano Dias, Rodrigo Soares de Moura Neto, Marcos Dornelas Ribeiro, Clarissa Damaso, Rosane Silva

Abstract

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Number of views: 64

Although the term bioterrorism became more known worldwide after the case of Bacillus anthracis spores in the USA in 2001, the use of pathogens as a biological weapon has been present throu-ghout history, even if in a rudimentary way. The most targeted agents in bioterrorism are classified by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) according to the priority and ease of dissemination in the population. Intentional attacks can have a major impact on the world population, affecting the economy and public health if there is no infrastructure or countries are unprepared to identify an outbreak to prevent the spread of the diseases. The improvement of science allowed not only the development of new detection techniques, but also the manipulation of microorganisms. This work describes how bioterrorism has been approached throughout the history, and which are the main technologies used to identify a possible attack, to build a strategic plan by the government and health systems

25-34
Conhecimento e práticas dos militares moçambicanos em relação à prevenção e combate a COVID-19.

Authors: Nivaldo Chirindza, Lucilia Mangona

Abstract

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Number of views: 59

Since the beginning of the outbreak of COVID-19, Mozambique, according to MISAU (2020), has registered 18 265 positive cases, 16 119 recovered and 161 dead, as well as some infection cases in the military. Officially, the first case was registered on March 22, 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practices of the military in relation to COVID-19. To this end, a questionnaire was conducted with questions about knowledge in relation to the good prevention practices of COVID-19, with a sample of 162 military personnel, at the Army Command-Mozambique. The display of a high level of knowledge about COVID-19. A little more than half tends to practices consistent with the prevention of contamination and / or the spread of infection by Covid-19. Such data obtained that health education interventions should be directed to this population segment, in particular, especially with regard to practices, since, an increased number of demonstrations have deviant practices in relation to the COVID-19 prevention measures recommended by health entities.

35-44
O estresse causado pela formação e rotina em militares das Forças Armadas brasileiras: revisão integrativa

Authors: Carolina das Chagas Teixeira

Abstract

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Number of views: 64

This study aims to present an integrative literature review about the stress construct. More preci- sely, addressing 'stress caused by training and routine in military personnel of the Brazilian Armed Forces'. From the Virtual Health Library database (BVS, 1988) and Google Scholar, four studies were analyzed. The majority deals only with an Armed Force (Army) and in some specific regions of the country, it is not possible to generalize the results. Studies reveal that these military personnel, despite recognizing and possessing the stress arising from the profession and training to do so, consider it a normal and characteristic factor of the profession. A greater number of studies on the subject is necessary, mainly in the Brazilian context and with the participation of the three Armed Forces.

45-51
O surto de cólera e a Missão das Nações Unidas para a Estabilização do Haiti

Authors: Gisele de Sá Mascarenhas, Otavio Augusto Brioschi Soares

Abstract

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Number of views: 67

Cholera is a serious public health problem in Haiti, introduced after the arrival of Nepalese soldiers on a peacekeeping mission by the United Nations (UN). This paper studies the cholera outbreak in Haiti in 2010 associated with the UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti; seeks to understand the origins and consequences of this outbreak, with emphasis on the socioeconomic and health determinants related to the spread of cholera; and describes, according to the UN protocols, how the preparation of a peace mission must take place so that situations of disease dispersal do not occur. The research was a historical bibliographic review, with its sources searched in reference bases of medical, military literature, newspapers and magazines of journalistic and historical content. The literature review identifies that the cholera outbreak was caused by the union of the country's poor sanitary infrastructure with the lack of care for human waste from the UN mission's Nepalese soldiers' camp, with catastrophic consequences for the local population; highlights the importance of preparing a peace mission to prevent the occurrence and spread of epidemics and the role of hygiene measures, antibiotic prophylaxis and the use of vaccines for the same purpose

52-60
Traumas geniturinários em operações militares

Authors: Henrique Cunha Vieira, Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira, Diogo de Souza Leão da Rocha

Abstract

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Number of views: 73

Frequency and genitourinary traumas (GU) evolved along with changing the nature of conflicts from the use of firearm projectiles (PAFs) during the wartimes for improvised explosive device (IED) on conflicts operations. Objectives and Method: Understand the epidemiology of GU traumas in the context of military operations by analyzing data from the last 10 years of articles published in English in the PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases with the following keywords: genitourinary injury, military, wartime, combat operation, Iraqui Freedom (OIF) and Enduring Freedom (OEF). The prevalence of GU lesions was 5% in OIF and OEF, predominating external genitalia (scrotum(55.6%), testes (33.0%), penis (31.0%) and urethra (9.1%)] vs. kidneys (21.1%). Among women (1.4% of the total), most were renal (12.57%) or vulvovaginal (19%). The median severity of the lesion was signifi-cantly higher for explosives than projectiles (34 and 18, respectively, P <0.001) and in 86% generated multiple lesions. Severe polytraumatic injury was common among men (36.7%), with pelvic fracture predominating (25.0%) and lower limb amputation (28.3%); (25%) and lower limb amputation (10%). Conclusion: There was a change in the predominant prevalence of renal lesions in wars for injuries of external genitalia in combat. The complexity of trauma requires stepwise reconstructive procedures and the association with other traumas imposes the need for multidisciplinary management in the treatment of these patients. The challenges for military medicine are to research and develop technologies to prevent and treat these injuries due to physical, psychological and sexualsequelae.

61-74
Parâmetros de avaliação auditiva na seleção de conscritos para o serviço militar obrigatório

Authors: Audrey Cristiane Alves Costa, Diego Huk Carlin, Suzelaine Taize Stadler

Abstract

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Number of views: 62

Hearing loss may be aggravated by exposure to occupational noise. Therefore, there is relevance for a reliable auditory evaluation in the incorporation of conscripts in the mandatory military service, since, during this training period, the activities are intense, with the purpose of training a trained military, being possible the optional stay of the soldiers. conscript for another seven years in the professional staff. That said, this research focuses on discussing the methods and parameters used in the auditory assessment of conscripts for compulsory military service, comparing with the civilian scope, governed by the Regulatory Norms of the Ministry of Labor Ordinance. As well as, identify the audiological evaluation criteria contained in the General Instructions for the Health Inspection of Conscripts in the Armed Forces (IGISC) and the Technical Norms for the Selection Commissions (EB30-N-30.004), these standards being used as parameters in the complementary selection. When faced with the norms used in the complementary selection, there was a significant distortion between the evaluation methods compared to the civil sphere, which is more precise and reliable. It is also noteworthy, the importance of auditory control both in the recruitment made in the complementary selection and in the annual (re) engagement of the temporary military. For the solution of the problem presented in this research, it is evident how favorable it is to increase the number of vacancies for the incorporation of professionals in the field of Speech Therapy, composing the health squads.