Gaia Scientia

4

Authors: John Zerzan

Ensaio

4

Authors: Luciana R. Arrial

O interesse deste artigo é refletir sobre o sentimento do amor como um cristal para a educabilidade ambiental, participativa, sonhadora e afetiva, inserido no projeto de edificação de um mundo possível. Neste sentido, destaca-se a contribuição do filósofo Gaston Bachelard e o imperativo desafio de nos orientarmos guiados pela luz que hipnotiza o olhar.

14

Authors: Adson G. de Ataídes, Adriana Malvasio, Temis G. Parente

O presente estudo pretende contribuir para o aprofundamento dos conhecimentos sobre o consumo de quelônios, especialmente em relação à percepção dos habitantes do entorno do Parque Nacional do Araguaia-TO sobre a pesca, pescadores e estoques naturais desses répteis. Na abordagem sobre a percepção dos moradores, o trabalho privilegia a fonte oral. Através de entrevistas foi possível identificar que os quelônios, especialmente as espécies P. expansa e do gênero Chelonoidis, são utilizados frequentemente como fonte de alimento pelos ribeirinhos do trecho estudado no Rio Javaés e eventualmente pelos moradores do Projeto de Assentamento Macaúba. Os resultados indicam que esses répteis também são importantes zooterápicos para os habitantes da região pesquisada e ainda são criados como animais de estimação. Diante das falas dos moradores, presume-se que os estoques naturais de quelônios, na área estudada, estão diminuindo e a pesca/caça predatória foi apontada como um dos principais motivos desse declínio.

16

Authors: Denis M. S. Abessa, Christiano Magini, Felipe A. Z. Souza, Renato T. Traglia, Cristal C. Gomes, Eglee S. G. Igarashi, Mariany M. dos Santos, Henrique V. Pozzo, Alessandra M. Tatebe

A Cachoeira do Paraíso está localizada no Parque Estadual do Itinguçu (PEIt), que faz parte do mosaico de unidades de conservação de Juréia-Itatins (Iguape, SP). Essa cachoeira recebe intenso fluxo de visitantes, em especial no verão, havendo necessidade urgente do estabelecimento de um plano de uso público que vise disciplinar a atividade turística nesse local. Assim, o presente estudo consistiu em avaliar as condições atuais da trilha que leva à cachoeira, propondo ações e modificações que permitam gerenciar a visitação do local. A abordagem foi dividida em três etapas, e consistiu em 1) avaliação dos aspectos ambientais e de visitação no local, além da contextualização regional e local e das possibilidades de inserção da comunidade local nas atividades de turismo; 2) planejamento de uso da trilha, considerando metas sócio-ambientais e levando em conta os aspectos legais, técnicos, ecológicos, sociais, econômicos, científicos, educacionais, entre outros; e 3) aspectos ambientais para monitoramento contínuo. Os resultados indicaram necessidade de adequação física da trilha, implantação de sinalização educativa e informativa e de estruturas para o bem estar do visitante. Além disso, é necessário também inserir a comunidade local na gestão da trilha, sendo vital para isso a realização de programas de educação ambiental e capacitação. Também foram identificadas medidas possíveis para controle da visitação, incluindo-se a possível cobrança de taxas, a exigência de acompanhamento por monitores, a limitação do número de visitantes, entre outros. Com relação ao monitoramento, foram identificados aspectos físicos, biológicos e sociais que devem ser monitorados. Conclui-se que a adequação da Trilha da Cachoeira do Paraíso e sua gestão poderão constituir oportunidade para conciliar as funções sociais e ecológicas do PEIt, de modo a permitir a conservação da biodiversidade e também repartir benefícios e responsabilidades pela manutenção da área com as comunidades locais.

4

Authors: Márcio Quaranta

Os termos sociobiologia, consiliência, biofilia e biodiversidade ligam-se ao nome de Edward Wilson, naturalista polêmico, adepto de uma base genética do comportamento humano, organizador do livro “Biodiversidade”, autor de “A Natureza Humana”, “Consiliência”, “Naturalista”, “O futuro da vida: um estudo da biosfera para a proteção de todas as espécies, inclusive a humana” e “A criação: como salvar a vida na Terra”, sua última obra publicada no Brasil. Criado como menino batista no sul dos Estados Unidos, hoje ateu, o cientista desvela-se como pessoa capaz de amar a natureza e a sua diversidade, preocupada com o desaparecimento de espécies e de ecossistemas.

6

Authors: Maria Eugênia B. Moraes, Alexandre Schiavetti, Gil Marcelo R. Strenzel, Gilson S. Silva

EVALUATION OF GREEN PUBLIC AREAS OF THE CITY OF ILHÉUS (BA) WITH USE OF GEOPROCESSING TECHNIQUES. This paper aims to evaluate the public green areas of Ilhéus, considering their structural, functional and legal characteristics. The evaluation of the green areas was made on the basis of the density of the population, in the percentage of green areas and in the index of green areas, calculated for the continuous urban area. The, analysis of aerial photographs, the mapping of the green areas, and of a geographic information system database revealed that the public green areas of collective use represented only 2,33% of the continuous urban area Ilhéus, with a medium PAV of 16% and an equivalent IAV to 3,19m²/inhabitant.

8

Authors: Paulo H. G. O. Sousa, Antônio A. C. Neves, Carlos A. Silva

FAMILIES IN RISK AREAS: A SOCIAL INDICATOR ANALYSIS AT BOA VISTA COMMUNITY, FORTALEZA, CEARÁ. This article aims to apply the Familiar Development Index as a tool to assess basic conditions for the development of families installed in risk areas, pointing their potentialities and limitations. Another aim is to provide subsidies for the mechanisms of planning and management. The study site is the Boa Vista Community, located next to the Cocó River in Fortaleza (CE). The methods consist of the application of the Familiar Development Index (FDI) to evaluate living conditions and quality of the families. The index adaptation for this work is composed for 5 dimensions subdivided in 13 components and 25 indicators. Results have shown an index of 0.63 for Boa Vista. The lowest values were seen on access to knowledge and work, about 0.37; while the other sub-indexes were about 0.75 points. The study revealed that the poor access to knowledge and work are the greatest limitations for family development. The resources availability is increased by the extra income supplied by social programs; the infant development presented high sub-indexes with low scholastic evasion and no cases of illiteracy. Residential conditions are precarious in the areas next to the river. Actions for the recovery of the Permanent Preservation Area and promotion of professional qualification and training courses for the families are indicated to improve their living quality and development conditions.

10

Authors: Aldo P. Ferreira, Ana Maria C. B. Braga, Inês E. Mattos

VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY - RESIDENTS OF SEPETIBA BAY, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL. A research survey was done in counties of Sepetiba Bay, between 2007 and 2009, aiming to identify vulnerability and environmental perception of populations to risk situations. Data collection was performed through a self-applied questionnaire with open and closed questions involving 878 persons. The process of development and validation of statistics of responses between age groups by gender showed conceptual coherence and no significant difference according to gender of respondents. A total of 675 cases of environmental risk were detected, covering the following aspects: contamination of water, soil and air, waste, impact on flora and social demands. The methodology was relevant for issues concerning assessment of vulnerability attributable to exposure to environmental pollution, and for public health.

10

Authors: Aldo Pacheco Ferreira

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SEDIMENT, WATER AND IN THE WHITENECKED HAWK, LEUCOPTERNIS LACERNULATA. A CASE STUDY: SEPETIBA BAY, RIO DE JANEIRO. The accumulation of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in White-necked Hawk (Leucopternis lacernulata), water and sediment collected from seven stations along Sepetiba Bay was studied. This bay receives effluent discharges from heavily industrialized and highly populated settlements. Samples of water, sediment and White-necked Hawk were processed and analyzed for heavy metals. The results showed that the sediment concentrated more heavy metals than the water, while the white-necked hawk accumulated more of these metals than the sediment. The two physical compartments analyzed and a representative of local avifauna, demonstrated the high exposure and persistence of heavy metals in the studied area, impacting the public health significantly, and possibly causing an increment of cancer cases in the local population in the last decade.

12

Authors: Cláudia C. L. Machado, José E. de Souza-Lima, Priscila C. Braga, Sandra M. Maciel-Lima, Reginaldo S. Silva

SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL RISK PERCEPTION AND SOCIALIZATION PROCESS OF THE INHABITANTS OF CRISTINA’S COLONY, CURITIBA, PARANÁ. This article aims to study the perceptions of social-environmental risk for the inhabitants of the colony Cristina, located in the municipality of Araucaria, the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba and belonging to the Environmental Protection Area - APA of Rio Verde. Two-inspiring concepts, the social perception of risk, illuminated by Beck, and primary socialization of Berger and Luckmann, were used. From a qualitative, exploratory research, we obtained evidence that living in the APA of Rio Verde confers larger social than environmental risk. These perceptions do not appear sufficient to to make Cristina´s citizens start autocritical processes in order to transform their own realities and this fact can be related to primary socialization aspects. However, it makes evident that complex systems, like this community, are open to be built up. As a consequence all considerations must not be understood as representing the whole truth, but only as constituting some observed truth levels.

14

Authors: Tatiane Gomes Nazario e Terezinha Maria Gonçalves

EXPERIENCES OF RESIDENTS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITY OF CRICIÚMASC: APPROPRIATION OF URBAN SPACE. This article reports a research within Environmental Sciences and Environmental Psychology. The research is qualitative, having the case study as its main method. The objective is to understand the process of appropriation of space by evaluating how residents live in vertical buildings in the city of Criciúma-SC. The process of appropriation of space (apartment, building and neighborhood) was analyzed by the concepts of place identity, linked with the place, sense of belonging and embodiment. The relation between people and their social environment is the object of Environmental Psychology. People build their subjectivity in such space.

2

Authors: Márcio Quaranta

Resenha.

6

Authors: Rudy C. Nunes e Martin L. Christoffersen

Biodiversity is the product of a unique and non-reproducible historical process. To understand biological diversity and the history responsible for the formation of present biotas, it is fundamental to understand the relationships among recent biotas. The study of changes that occurred above the traditional population level becomes important to reconstruct history in its full time scale. Biological classifi cations resulting from phylogenetic analyses represent direct tools for the comprehension of present biodiversity, because they organize all organisms, present and extinct, around a single central parameter (evolution). This systemic approach has been considered the only compatible theoretical perspective for a macroevolutionary view of biological diversity. Phylogenetic systematics may be seen as the central cogwheel for connecting macroevolutionary theory to the science of biodiversity.

6

Authors: Loreley Garcia

Resenha.

8

Authors: Waldir Mantovani

Resenha.

12

Authors: Gustavo Ferreira da Costa Lima

CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOCIAL CONSERVATION: RISKS OF GLOBAL WARMING. This work discusses the evidences of global warming and the alternative answers to it from the theoretical perspectives of political ecology, risk theory and complexity. It aims to understand some determinants of climate change and evaluate the environmental risks of the several proposed alternatives to the problem. The argument I developed is that the alternatives proposed are, in many ways, reductive and don’t answer the problem of complexity. It concludes that the alternatives proposed for climate change are not up to the challenges faced and that the tone of the debate seem to be that of “dynamic conservatism” which proposes changes conceived as means for social conservation. If this conclusion is correct, the challenge placed is to open the debate towards complexity in order to offer a new repertory of alternatives where citizens and organized society can, in a democratic way, participate and decide in which kind of environment and society they wish to live.

16

Authors: Márcio Quaranta

GREENNESS AND WISDOM: THE HILDEGARD OF BINGEN’S INVOLVEMENT WITH NATURE AND ITS REVIVAL IN CONCEPTS OF THE CONTEMPORARY BIOLOGY. Benedictine nun, mystical, botany, physician, composer, writer, praised as a saint without the canonization by the Roman Catholic Church, Hildegard of Bingen, whose work has forgotten for nine centuries, receives special attention actually. In her visions, appeared Sophia, Lady Wisdom, creator of the world and the life; in her relationship with nature excelled the notion of greenness, divine breath that maintains and renews the life. Hildegard believed in a living nature that must be conserved, an idea bound to organic vision of the world, now present in the emerging paradigm in biology, which highlights the concepts of self-organization and autopoiesis, and the theory of Gaia. With her example of life, she taught the need for the reconnection, the involvement of man with nature. Upset this, the human being falls victim of the dominant model of global civilization; it is his urgent task of rescuing his involvement with nature.