Advances in Human Biology

1-5

Authors: Rupang Parekh, Monali Shah, Neeraj Deshpande, Sonam Mufti.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical, that is, an uncharged molecule with an unpaired electron. NO is a molecule, involved in vascular regulation, homeostasis, bone formation and resorption, neuro-transmission, and immune function. It also has antimicrobial activity and is considered to be an important molecule against infectious diseases, such as periodontitis. NO works as an effector of host-induced tissue damage mediated by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and by the production of reactive nitrogen species. It might play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and subsequent bone loss, either directly or indirectly by modulating the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although little has been published on its role in oral diseases, it certainly has important actions in periodontal diseases. Hence, this review will throw a light on the role of nitric oxide in periodontal disease based on recent evidences.

11-18

Authors: Sindhu S Reddy, Sujatha V, S Mahalaxmi.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the sealing ability of four root end filling materials- Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Geristore and Retroplast using a glucose leakage model. Material and Method: 100 extracted teeth were used for this study. The teeth were divided into 6 groups – 4 experimental groups of 20 teeth each and 2 control groups of 10 teeth each. In the positive control, no root end filling was done and in the negative control, the teeth were completely coated with nail varnish. All the teeth were instrumented, their apices were resected. 3mm deep root end preparations were prepared with retrotips. The root end cavities of the experimental groups were filled with the retrograde filling materials. The materials were manipulated according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Each tooth was mounted in a glucose leakage device as described by Xu and coworkers.6 The amount of glucose was determined by a UV-VIS recording spectrophotometer at 500-nm wavelength. The results were analyzed using One way ANOVA followed by Tukey- HSD procedure and Student’s paired t-test. Results: The results showed that Mineral Trioxide Aggregate showed the least leakage compared to other three experimental groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, MTA showed the least leakage at both 7th and 14th days and hence can be considered as the material of choice for root end filling.

26-30

Authors: Sneha Shah, Vandana Rathwa, Monali Shah, Deepak Dave

Background: While performing frenectomy, conventional scalpel techniques have their own traditional drawbacks. To overcome them, we have novel techniques like electrocautery and lasers, which are increasingly being used in routine periodontal practice. However, there isn’t sufficient evidence supporting the use of electrocautery in frenectomy. Aim of the study is to compare the conventional scalpel technique and the electrocautery technique for frenectomy procedure. Material & Method: Two cases were selected. For the 1st case, electrocautery was used, while for the 2nd case, conventional scalpel technique was used for frenectomy. For both the patients, similar clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 week and 1 month. Result: Clinically, both the cases showed similar improvement post 1 week as well as post 1 month. Conclusion: This case series shows equivalent results for both the techniques, with slight benefit of the electrocautery over the other, in terms of patient comfort.

37-41

Authors: Khyati Shah, Pooja Parikh, Naveen YG, Tamanna Chhabra

With the increase in life expectancy, there is increase in number of edentulous individuals requiring rehabilitation with complete dentures. Flabby ridge is a commonly encountered condition in clinical practice which affects the retention and stability of the mandibular denture. Two patients reported in K.M. Shah dental college with flabby mandibular ridges. Two different secondary impressions were employed for the two patients, one was 'Window technique using Hub of needle' and other was 'Window technique using Magnets'. These techniques resulted in a stable and retentive mandibular denture.