Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal

6

Authors: Merita Ayu Indrianti

The purpose of this study is to optimize the use of environmentally friendly vegetable pesticides as a sustainable agricultural system. This research was conducted in April - August 2019 in the Green House and Tarpaulin Pond Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Muhammadiyah University, Gorontalo. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatment factors, namely giving water hyacinth filtrate, giving filtrate variations with other vegetable materials (1: 1 ratio) and finally the control stage. Each vegetable ingredient filtrate is then used in spraying all parts of the plant in the morning. The analysis in this research uses one-way analyst which continued with Duncan's test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that vegetable pesticides from water hyacinth filtrate and papaya leaf filtrate can be used to reduce the intensity of the attack (%) of the curly yellow virus vector, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) attacking the F1 Dewata chili plant, the use of a mixture of water hyacinth filtrate and papaya leaf filtrate with a ratio of 1: 1 is effective in reducing the intensity of white lice infestation (Bemisia tabaci) on the red chilli F1 F1 variety by 82.34% but the fruit production is unsatisfactory and the use of water hyacinth filtrate can increase the production of red chillies F1 Dewata variety by suppressing the intensity of whitefly infestation (Bemisia tabaci) by 65.55%.

9

Authors: Putu Suwardike, Putu Sri Wahyuni, I Made Artika

The study aimed at finding out the EM4 fermented chicken manure dosage, the concentration of cow biourine, and the interaction between the two which gave the best growth and yield of Japanese spinach were carried out in Candikuning Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, at altitude of 1,500 m asl. The trial lasted 45 days, starting from Mid April - May 2019, using a Randomized Group Design (RBD), consisting of two factors. The first factor is the chicken manure dose EM-4 fermented (A), with 4 levels, namely: (A0) without chicken manure (control), (A1) chicken manure dose of 10 tons.ha-1 or 480 grams / plot, (A2) chicken manure dose of 20 ton.ha-1 or 960 gram / plot, and (A3) chicken manure dose of 30 ton.ha-1 or 1440 gram / plot. The second factor is the concentration of bovine biourine (B), with 4 levels, namely: (B0) without bovine biourine (control), (B1) concentration of 100 ml.l-1 bovine biourine solution or 10%, (B2) 200 ml bovine biourine concentration. l-1 solution or 20%, (B3) 300 ml.l-1 concentration of beef biourine solution or 30%. The results of the analysis showed that the EM4 fermented chicken manure had a significant effect on almost all variables observed, except plant height per plant aged 17 days and oven dry weight of leaves per plant. The EM4 fermented chicken manure dose of 20 ton.ha-1 gave the highest total wet weight per plant, which was 228.74 g and the highest total oven dry weight per plant, ie 115.37 g. The optimal dose of fermented chicken manure EM-4 is 18.40 ton.ha-1 with a total oven dry weight per plant maximum = 135.21 g. The concentration of 200 ml.l-1 biourine cattle gave the highest total wet weight per plant, which was 238.01 g and the highest total oven dry weight, which was 121.51 g. The optimal concentration of beef biourine is 176.69 ml.l-1 with a total oven dry weight per plant maximum = 135.44 g. The interaction between EM4 fermented chicken manure doses and cattle biourine concentration only significantly affected the number of leaves per plant aged 45 days.

12

Authors: Jhon Hardy Purba, Putu Sri Wahyuni, Irwan Febryan

This research aims to determine the effect of broiler manure doses and BiotamaxTM biofertilizers on growth and yield of Chinese cabbage in the Selat Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali from November - December 2018. The randomized block design (RBD) factorial, consisting of two factors was the experimental design used in this research. The first factor is the dose of broiler manure (A), composed of 3 levels, namely control (A0), a dose of 15 tons.ha-1 (A1), and 30 tons.ha-1 (A2). The second factor is the application frequency of biological fertilizers with four levels, namely control (B0) which was administered concurrently for seven days before planting at a dose of 0.09 g.plots-1. B1 with an administrative frequency of 7 and 14 days before and after planting (HST), respectively, with a dose of 0.045 g.plots-1. (B2) with a 3times administrative frequency of 7, 14, and 28 days before, after birth and after each dose of 0.03 g.plots-1 (B3). The results of the study, the frequency of giving BiotaMaxTM biological fertilizer at the same time, provided the heaviest oven-dry weight per crop, which was 9.39 g. The treatment of broiler chicken manure dose of 30 tons.ha-1 (A2), resulted in the best oven-dry weight canopy per plant at 9.26 g. The relationship between the dose of broiler chicken manure with canopy oven-dry weight per plant showed a linear relationship, namely y = 0.0608x + 7.2483 (R2 = 32.53). The best economic weight per hectare is obtained in the provision of 30 tons.ha-1 (A2) broiler manure, weighing 30.10 tons.ha-1. The relationship between the dose of broiler manure and economic weight per hectare shows a linear relationship, y = 0.3247x + 21.699 R² = 59.88%. The frequency of giving BiotaMaxTM biofertilizers at the same time is 7 days before planting at a dose of 0.09 g.plots-1 (B1) gave the heaviest economic weight per hectare, at 28.21 tons.ha-1. The combination of broiler chicken manure dose and the frequency of BiotaMaxTM biofertilizer gave no significant effect (p≥0.05) on the growth and yield of Chinese cabbage.

15

Authors: Putu Santhiawan dan Putu Suwardike

Climate change as a result of global warming creates climate uncertainty (anomaly) in the form of excessive drought (El-Nino) and excessive rain (La Nina) which greatly affects the productivity of rice plants. Under normal conditions. Indonesia's rice production will decline to 65 million tons in 2050. But due to climate change, the decline in rice production can be even more drastic to reach 90 million tons or down by 38 per cent. Rice plants need around 2,500 litres of water to produce 1 kg of grain (rough rice). This water is filled from rainwater and/or irrigation water. La Nina can interfere with the growth and yield of rice plants because the plants suffer damage due to limited air exchange, both in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) which inhibits the process of photosynthesis and plant respiration. The level of growth disturbance and yield of rice due to excess water depends on the tolerance level of the variety, the level of inundation and the length of time of inundation. Physiologically the adaptation of lowland rice plants to excess water is classified as complex. Plants that produce PDC and ADH are more tolerant of inundation. Molecularly, plants that contain the Sub1 gene are more resistant to excess water.

6

Authors: Putu Suwardike

Objectively, Indonesia is faced with the challenge of providing quality food that meets the needs of all people in the midst of increasingly shrinking productive agricultural land, declining carrying capacity of land, limited irrigation water, and uncertain climate conditions. It is feared that food needs will not be able to be met by relying only on conventional production systems. Progress in the field of biotechnology has provided space for plant breeders to transfer genes from living beings with distant relatives, such as from bacteria to plants. At the production level, the application of biotechnology is able to produce new types of plants that are superior, such as higher yields, more efficient use of nutrients, are resistant to certain environmental stresses, have higher protein content, and are more resistant to storage. However, at the level of product utilization it still raises the pros and cons. The development of GMO crops is an alternative solution to future food insecurity concerns. Tests of GMO crops and other biotechnological food products need to be carried out. Given the diversity of people's perceptions of GMO food products, labeling of GMO food products is needed to make it easier for people to make their choices

9

Authors: Putu Parmila, Jhon Hardy Purba, Luh Suprami

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of petroganik fertilizer doses, potassium fertilizer doses, and their interactions on watermelon growth and yield. This research was conducted in May - July 2016 in Temukus Village, Banjar District, Buleleng Regency, with a height of ± 7 meters above sea level. The design that will be used is a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAKF) consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dosage of petroganic fertilizer which consists of three levels, namely: without petroganik fertilizer, petroganik fertilizer dosage of 4 tons.ha-1 (160 g per plant or 1.6 kg per plot), and petroganic fertilizer dosage of 8 tons.ha-1 (320 g per plant or 3.2 kg per plot). The second factor is the potassium fertilizer dosage consisting of three levels, namely: without potassium fertilizer KNO3, potassium fertilizer KNO3 dose 80 kg.ha-1 (16 g per plant or 160 g per plot), and potassium fertilizer KNO3 dose 160 kg.ha-1 (32 g per plant or 320 g per plot). The use of petroganik fertilizer at doses of 8 tons / ha (P2) and 4 tons / ha gave sequential yields of fresh fruit per hectare of 19.189 tons and 15,844 tons, or there was a significant increase in yield of fresh fruits per hectare of 32.24% and 9, 19% when compared to the yield of fresh fruit per hectare without the use of organic fertilizer. The yield of fresh fruit per hectare shows that with potassium fertilizer dosages of 160 kg / ha and 80 kg / ha give yields of fresh fruit per hectare in sequence of 18.789 tons and 16.844 tons, or significantly heavier 35.07% and 21.08% compared with fresh fruit yields per hectare on without potassium fertilization. The effect of the interaction between the dose of petroganik fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had no significant effect (p> 0.05) on all observed variables.

12

Authors: I Putu Agus Hendra Wibawa

Kecombrang (Nicolaia speciosa) is a kind of spice plant that is used as a mixture or flavoring ingredients in various dishes in the archipelago. Kecombrang is a collection of botanical gardens in Bali, which is often attacked by A. flavipuncta larvae. Pest control using synthetic pesticides has many negative impacts on humans and the environment. One alternative that can be used is to use plant-based pesticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of several botanical gardens in Bali such as legundi (Vitex trifolia), soursop (Annona muricata) and resin (Agathis borneensis) on the mortality of A. flavipuncta larvae and determine the concentration of extracts that were most effective in killing larvae. The results showed that the most effective extract killed A. flavipuncta larvae was soursop leaf extract with an optimum concentration of 60 g.l-1.

13

Authors: Jhon Hardy Purba, Putu Suwardike, I Gede Suwarjata

A study aimed to determine the effect of gibberellin concentrations and the number of fruits on the growth and yield of melons conducted in July-September 2017 in Tejakula Village, Buleleng Regency with a height of 25 meters above sea level. This field research uses a Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of two factors arranged factorially. The first factor is the concentration of gibberellins (GA3) (G) with 4 levels, namely the concentration of gibberellins 0.00 g.l-1 water (G0), the concentration of gibberellins 0.03 g.l-1 water (G1), the concentration of gibberellins 0.06 g.l-1 water (G2), the concentration of gibberellins 0.09 g.l-1 water (G3). The second factor is the treatment of the number of fruits (B) with three levels, namely maintenance of one fruit on one stalk per plant (B1), maintenance of two fruits on one stalk per plant (B2), and maintenance of two fruits on two stems per plant ( B3). Administration of gibberellins has no significant effect on melon yield. The number of fruit treatments significantly affected the dry weight of the fruit oven per plant. The treatment of the number of fruits has no significant effect on plant growth. The combination treatment of gibberellins with the amount of fruit has a very significant effect on the oven-dry weight of fruit per plant.