NPunto

20

Authors: Sabin Morales, M

Background: Supraventricular tachycardias are a group of clinical entities with some prevalence in the population, especially adults (even young). Its diagnosis should be based on a complete clinical approach, considering the symptoms, vital signs and mainly the verification by means of an electrocardiogram. Treatment of supraventricular tachycardias will depend on the patient’s hemodynamic state (stable or unstable), which will define the requirement for electrical therapy or medical treatment (including drugs and even surgical procedures, such as ablation). Objectives: to review the procedures for applying appropriate diagnosis and treatment in some of the most frequent tachyarrhythmias in the population. Methods: Systematic review of scientific articles, consulting the MedLine and The Cochranre Library databases, with date restriction of the last five years, in the Spanish and English languages. It has also included information from primary and secondary sources, such as publications and clinical practice guides, as well as from scientific societies and through Google Scholar. No restrictions have been placed on the scope of study. All articles containing information on the management and treatment of VTS have been reviewed in full. Results: Most of the recommendations made by the societies were through clinical practice guidelines. Conclusions: Studies on the diagnosis and treatment of VTS determine that many of the actions have a solid scientific basis, with high levels of evidence.

24

Authors: Vergara Sánchez, M.E

Introduction: With the accelerated development of society, changes in lifestyle and increased life expectancy, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular disease is complex and responds to different risk factors, most of them modifiable, that are acquired at the earliest ages of life. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of prevention in cardiovascular diseases from a systematic review. Method: Bibliographic search during 2019 consulting the following databases, search engines and repositories: COCHRANE, PUBMED, CUIDEN, DIALNET and GOOGLE Scholar. The limited period was from 2009 to 2019. Results: 97 articles were included in the systematic review. Most articles (30%) were published in 2016, followed by 20% in 2018. As for the databases, 50% of the articles were found in PUBMED. As for the type of study, the most important are quantitative studies and, within them, cross-sectional descriptive studies. Conclusions: Cardiovascular diseases are increasingly present worldwide. They cause high mortality, morbidity and expenditure of health and economic resources. The prevention of risk factors in adulthood and especially in childhood presents a demonstrated improvement in the reduction of cardiovascular diseases. Cardio-healthy life habits are acquired at the earliest ages of life and once behavioral behaviors are acquired, they are transferred to adulthood. Health professionals and non-health institutions have a decisive role in the prevention, management and strategies of action against this pandemic of cardiovascular diseases.

27

Authors: Morán Zapico, M.B

Most ischemic syndromes cause arteriosclerous coronary disease. Ischemic heart disease includes all those clinical situations whose pathogenesis is determined by insufficient blood supply to the myocardium, is a disease of multifactorial etiology. The risk factors that favor their appearance are mainly smoking, hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure, genetic factors, diabetes and obesity. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are "the first public health problem in industrialized countries". In addition to the impact on the health and quality of life of citizens, ischemic heart disease is responsible for significant costs, both direct and indirect, as well as high losses of labor productivity. Citizen education on prevention is a fundamental element in the fight against this health problem. They are considered to be preventable in a comprehensive manner, first of all, acting before it occurs by following healthy lifestyle habits, secondly, by early detection and finally by reducing its negative impacts with new treatments once the disease has manifested.