NPunto

19

Authors: Martí Molins, M.F

Improved radiation protection in the medical field requires a better understanding of the dosimetry and methods of protection of patients, staff and the public in general. The effects of radiation on children are more harmful, so it is important to perform proper radiation protection. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has established three principles that have also been recommended by the EURATOM (European Atomic Energy Community) directive 97/43: protection, limitation of radiation doses for exposed persons and justification of the practices. Radiation safety can be achieved by maintaining the consistency and accuracy of an established radiation protection program. However, insufficient knowledge of the protocols and practice of pediatric radiation doses has contributed to these patients receiving a higher radiation dose than is necessary. The objective of this work is to know the methods of pediatric radiological protection and their effect in the prevention of diseases related to ionizing radiation. For this, a systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. The terms used were: Ionizing radiation, Radiological Protection, Radiation protection, Pediatrics, Childhood and Radiation risk. A total of 152767 articles were obtained, of which 10 articles were selected where research protocols and studies on radiological protection in pediatrics were applied. The results showed that children exposed to ionizing radiation are theoretically subject to an increased risk of carcinogenesis compared to the general population and that pediatricians´ knowledge about radiation dose should be improved.

27

Authors: Ranera Díaz, F.F

Pediatric transport allows the pooling of material and human resources to improve patient care, especially in places where access is more difficult and allows adequate patient care and specialized emergency care. The handling is essential to guarantee a good service, they must be prepared for the knowledge of the pathologies, anticipate and stabilize the patient for the transport. The main objective is to describe the different types of pediatric transport in currently seriously ill patients. A systematic review was carried out. It was carried out through a search in different databases described below, such as: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and the Virtual Health Library. A total of 32,860 review articles were found, after using the Mendeley bibliographic gesture and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were finally obtained that met the criteria of the publication time frame, in full text, in English and Spanish, in pediatric patients. , where pediatric transport was addressed as a topic of study. In conclusion, there is no balance in terms of the distribution of resources available to the pediatric population, and in the options for interhospital transfer. Children have a constitutional right to receive the best care. It is necessary to carry out activation protocols for specialized care units. Studies in pediatric transport are necessary to take actions that allow improvement in their performance.

35

Authors: Torrecilla Cañas, J

Acute liver failure is a syndrome characterized by massive liver necrosis and sudden-onset severe liver dysfunction in previously healthy children. It is a rare entity in pediatrics but rapidly progressive and of extraordinary severity and morbility and mortality, since in almost half of the cases it leads to the death of the child or the need for a liver transplant, although the new use of extrahepatic purification techniques and the greater experience in liver transplant have significantly improved their prognosis. The etiology is unknown in around 30-50% of cases, but its study is essential to be able to establish specific treatments and make a more accurate indication about the need for liver transplantation. For this reason, various protocols or guidelines have been created for a step-by-step diagnostic approach to this entity. It requires a multidisciplinary approach within an experienced health center, initially the treatment consists of support measures and treatment of complications, especially to prevent or treat hepatic encephalopathy, all with the hope that the liver will recover spontaneously or by doing an indication for a transplant at the most appropriate time, in order to avoid a late indication that puts the child´s life in danger, but without carrying out more transplants than are strictly necessary, especially due to the implications that this has throughout the life of the child for the rest of the patient´s life. Due to the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute liver failure, the following work intends to synthesize all the current knowledge about this entity.