NPunto

8

Authors: Monzon Deniz, J

Background: The high prevalence of perineal trauma resulting from childbirth, either by spontaneous perineal tear or by episiotomy, and the significant negative consequences for maternal health, increase awareness of its prevention. There are a lot of treatments, techniques and exercises that women can perform as prevention methods. One of the most widespread is prenatal perineal massage, which has multiple advantages, for its low cost, ease of performance and good acceptance among women. The available evidence determines that prenatal perineal massage is a beneficial practice to maintain the integrity of the perineum during childbirth. However, despite being a fairly widespread practice, the technique, its frequency, duration and periodicity in its application have not been precisely specified. It is for this reason that a procedure has been proposed that respects the conclusions proposed in the available evidence. The central objective of this literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal perineal massage in preventing perineal trauma and birth-related episiotomies. In a complementary way, other objectives are raised around questions such as the frequency, duration and time of application of perineal massage. as well as the contraindications of the technique. Methodology: Bibliographic search of the scientific literature consulted the databases: PubMed, Dialnet Plus, Crochane and the search engine Google Scholar, employing the Boleano AND operator with the following Mesh: "Perineal massage", "Pregnancy", "Pelvic", "Labour" and "Perineal trauma". The age of the selected documents was 10 years, specifically in the interval of 2011 and 2022, in Spanish or English. Results: Prenatal perineal massage is a technique that increases the flexibility and elasticity of the perineal tissues, decreasing the prevalence and severity of the perineal tear and/or the need for an episiotomy during childbirth. Prenatal perineal massage decreases the incidence of postpartum pain at three months in multiparous women, shortens the second phase of childbirth, improves the healing of perineal lesions and Apgar scores. Health professionals should inform women about the benefits of perineal massage and include it as a routine practice in the preparation of childbirth. Conclusions: The high impact and morbidity associated with perineal trauma during childbirth justifies the need to establish strategies that minimize it, Prenatal perineal massage is a technique that increases the flexibility and elasticity of the perineal tissues, decreasing the prevalence and severity of the perineal tear and/or the need for an episiotomy during childbirth.

19

Authors: López García, E.P

Introduction. The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month of life, but globally it is still not achieved in the majority of children. Therefore, it is necessary to design actions aimed at identifying the problems that still gravitate to these results; There are many myths around breastfeeding and they have nothing to do with reality; they also confuse or discourage mothers from initiating breastfeeding. These actions are not always supported by scientific research and the consequent publication of their results in an updated way. Objective. Carry out a bibliometric study on the myths and truths of breastfeeding in indexed databases during the period 2011-2021. Methodology. A bibliometric study was carried out in the following databases: Cuiden, Scielo, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Liliacs and Documed. The sample was made up of 194 published articles. Results. In the period studied, 194 articles on breastfeeding, myths and truths were published. The production of articles was not carried out in a homogeneous way in the ten years observed. On the myths of breastfeeding, the greatest scientific evidence indicates that of feeding, followed by breast anatomy.

26

Authors: Esther Campi, L

Osteoporosis is a pathology that deteriorates the skeletal system, predisposing to its rupture. At present, due to the increase in aging presented by global citizenship, which is the main cause that exposes this condition that, although it affects both sexes, women are the ones who suffer the most. The sequelae triggered by osteoporosis cause serious problems for the patient and their family environment and social life. This disease is called silent disease, since it is asymptomatic during its evolution, until its detection, when the patient consults due to intense bone or joint pain, or worse still due to a fracture of a bone in the economy, the most affected being spine, hip and forearm. Hence the relevance of early and individualized detection of the risk factors of each patient, to ensure an early diagnosis of this pathology, and in this way start the mechanisms for changing habits and behavior. Within these changes, emphasis should be placed on the importance of continuous and sustained physical exercise; In addition to insisting on balanced and natural nutrition based on age, to achieve the goal of maintaining healthy, autonomous old age and free of osteoporotic fractures.

28

Authors: Bermúdez Galindo, B

Background: Multiple sclerosis is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability among young adults and it´s characterized by great symptomatic variability, for this reason is important to develop extensive rehabilitation treatment. Within physiotherapy, the aquatic therapy could be a good treatment alternative because it combines the mechanical properties of water with therapeutic exercise and specific techniques. All this could cause multiple benefits in different physical and psychological aspects in individuals suffering multiple sclerosis. Objectives: To analyze the current scientific evidence on the use of aquatic therapy as a physiotherapy treatment in subjects with multiple sclerosis. Material and methods: The literature search was performed during January 2022 in different electronic databases such as: Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, Pubmed, Cochrane and Cinahl. Studies were selected using previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the methods used in the studies was evaluated through the PEDro and JADAD scales and then data were extracted. Results: A total of 11 controlled clinical trials were included in this review. It has shown improvements in different aspects of functional capacity and mobility, as well as in fatigue and quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis. Conclusions: The majority of studies have shown the beneficial effects of aquatic therapy in people with multiple sclerosis on fatigue, functional capacity and quality of life. However, future studies of higher methodological quality that include larger sample sizes are necessary in order to extract solid conclusions about the efficacy of this therapy.