Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics

29-35

Authors: Nure Jannat, Tanjina Amin, Nasrin Sultana, Mir Rubayet Jahan, M Rafiqul Islam

Gentamicin is most frequently used aminoglycoside antibiotic. Despite its wide use, the effects of gentamicin have not been clearly studied in relation to alteration of hemato-biochemical parameters and liver injury. In the present study, to evaluate the effects of gentamicin on behavioral, hematological, biochemical and morphological parameters of liver, Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 experimental groups (group A: control; group B: pharmacological dose; group C: pharmacological dose rate with chronic treatment, and group D: high dose with chronic treatment). All the mice from group C and D showed dullness, fearness, roughness of the body coat, anorexia and weakness. Liver weight and size were increased significantly in the mice of group C and D than that of group A or group B. Similarly, in hematological study, Total erythrocyte count (TEC), Total leukocyte count (TLC) and hemoglobin (Hb) % values were decreased significantly, whereas, Alanine amino transferase (ALT) values were increased significantly in the mice of group C and D. In addition, congestion and dark coloration with hepatomegaly were found in treated group C and D. Histological study revealed that the liver parenchyma showed central vein congestion, lymphocytic infiltration, irregular size of hepatocyte and dilatation of sinusoids of treated group C and D. Taken together, our current study suggests that although pharmacological dose of Gentamicin has no adverse effect on liver but chronic pharmacological dose or chronic high dose has serious adverse effect on liver. These observations lead us to postulate that gentamicin induces liver tissue damage after long term treatment.

43-48.

Authors: Md. Shamim Akhter, Jesús R. Requena

VGF (non-acronymic), belonging to a large granin family, gives rise to a number of bioactive peptides by proteolysis and exert an extensive array of biological effects on energy metabolism, pain modulation, gastric secretion function, reproduction, mood regulation, and, diabetes. Among VGF-derived peptides, TLQP-21 (The first four amino acids, in short TLQP (Thr-Leu-Gln-Pro) generalizes the nomenclature of the peptide by its length) is the most studied although little is known yet about downstream molecular mechanisms of action of VGF-derived peptides like TLQP-21. So here as a preliminary analysis, total protein expression was carried out in addition to the phosphoproteomic study of SH-SY5Y cells treated with TLQP-21, using the same cell extracts. Comparison of simple 1D SDS-PAGE gels stained with SYPRO® Ruby protein gel stain was carried out to assess whether changes in protein expression could be seen even at such low separation resolution. Expression of several proteins most likely Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MW 271 kDa), Tubulin beta chain (MW 57), Tubulin beta-4B chain (MW 50), Alpha-2-macroglobulin (MW 163), etc. in TLQP-21 treated and control samples was found significantly different, indicating that the peptide TLQP-21 exerts biological effects on SH-SY5Y cells. Further studies are required to validate the identity of the modulated proteins, obtained from mass spectrometry. Identification of modulated proteins after TLQP-21 treatment would open new avenues to discover the molecular mechanisms of its physiological and pharmacological state.

55-60.

Authors: Mir Rubayet Jahan, Md. Nabiul Islam, Md. Zahirul Islam Khan, Akie Yanai, Koh Shinoda

Johann Jacob Harder first described the Harderian gland in 1694 in deer. It is found in most terrestrial animals and is located within the variable aspects of the orbit. It is believed that this gland is involved in diverse functions. Among these, it has been held to be a site of immune response, a source of thermoregulatory lipids and pheromones, act as photoprotective organ as well as part of a retinal-pineal axis. In birds, this glad was reported first in sparrow in 1918. The Harderian gland is covered by capsule and the connective tissue septa that divide the gland into numerous unequal-sized lobes and lobules. Plasma cells are found in the interacinar space and the lumina of lobules. The recent studies suggest that the Harderian gland act as an immunopotent organ in birds, and that the gland in scavenging birds contains more immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells due to their scavenging nature. Moreover, this gland shows considerable species/strain differences in terms of macro anatomy, microanatomy as well as in the dynamics of immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells among different birds. In this review, these species and strain differences are discussed based on recent studies and several goals of future research are identified.