International Journal of New Chemistry

256-270

Authors: Milad Shokrollahi; Seyyed Abbas Mousavi

Biogas production among other renewable energy sources is an economical and environmentally friendly way. Since high percentage of human food in the world is converted into food waste, one of the most suitable sources used as a feed for bio-gas production is food waste. One of the most important methods for producing biogas from organic waste is the use of anaerobic digesters. The factors affecting the production of biogas in anaerobic digestion machines are two general types of feed and its characteristics and the effect of process parameters on the amount of biogas production. In this paper, an anaerobic digestion machine was constructed and the effect of the parameters of the input feed type and operating parameters such as temperature and retention time on the operation of this process are examined by applying ‘‘Response Surface Methodology’’ (RSM) technique. Experimental results in this paper show that with increasing temperature and (C/N) and retention time, the amount of gas produced in anaerobic digesters increases. By increasing the temperature parameter to 45 °C and C/N to 40 in the remaining time of one month, the amount of biogas produced reaches 265 mL.. RSM Model shows that (C/N) parameters has the greatest impact on the amount of biogas and T-square (T2) term has the least impact on the amount of gas produced. In the following article, the function of the amount of gas produced based on the independent temperature and C/N parameters is expressed as a mathematical relation.

283-295

Authors: Nahid Shajari; reza ghiasi; Neda Aghaei; Mahsa Soltani; Ali Reza Kazemizadeh

In this study, syntheses of [2-amino-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydro-1-phenyl-4-pyridinyl]ferrocene derivatives from reaction of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde, ethyl cyanoacetate, aniline, and acetylenic esters in the presence of piperidine were reported in good yields. The reaction proceeded smoothly and cleanly under mild reaction conditions and no side reactions were observed. The structures of the products were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Then, structure, electronic and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized molecules were computed at the CAM-B3LYP/jorge-DZP (H,C,N,O) and Def2-TZVPPD (Fe) level of theory. First hyperpolarizability value were calculated to describe the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of these molecules. The HOMO-LUMO study to find the band gap of the prepared molecules was extended to calculate global hardness, chemical potential and global electrophilicity for the investigation of the chemical behavior of the compounds. The energies of iron d-orbitals and formal electron configurations of iron atom were calculated by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.

303-317

Authors: Mohammad Asif; Abida and Md Tauquir Alam

Pyridazine derivatives represent one of the most active classes of compounds possessing a wide spectrum of biological activity. They are widely used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In view of these facts and in continuation of our interest in the chemistry of pyridazines, pyridazinones are six membered cyclic 1,2-diazine having carbonyl group at 3-position of ring system. They are widely used for industrial purposes and also exhibit a broad range of biological activities. This short review compiles examples of the most promising antibacterial activity. An overview on the antifungal activity is also described.