Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, ecology

3-9

Authors: O. M. Alekseenko, T. M. Polishko, A. I. Vinnikov

We present the literature review describing food, medicinal and ecological properties of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). It is shown that the mushroom is adequate foodstuff for human beings. It provides with proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and mineral salts. Protein of the oyster mushrooms’ mycothallus contains 18 amino acids, eight of which were essential (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, and valine). Therapeutic value of the mushroom is characterised by a content of water-soluble (thiamine B1, riboflavin B2, niacin, B5, PP, pyridoxine B6, biotin B7, ascorbic and pantothenic acid) and liposoluble (calciferol, ergosterol, tocopherol) vitamins. The considerable gains from the farm wastes use for the mushrooms raising with subsequent application of the substrate in plant cultivation and animal husbandry are stated.

15-19

Authors: O. A. Dregval, N. V. Cherevach, A. I. Vinnikov

The paper deals with the influence of medium pH and aeration rate on growth and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis and Вeauveria bassiana, which are main constituents of the complex microbial insecticide. It was established optimal medium pH for B. thuringiensis – 6.0 and for В. bassiana – 6.0–7.0. The maximum productivity of the studied microorganisms was observed in the same range of aeration – 7– 14 mmol O2/l/h. The selected conditions of cultivation are necessary for the production of complex biological insecticide based on the association of B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana.

29-36

Authors: A. V. Zhukov, I. V. Lіadskaya

The results of the primary productivity investigation of agrobiogeocoenoses in different edaphic condition of reclamated soil have been presented. The spatial variability of the plant community biomass has been shown by means of GIS-approaches. By means of regression analysis the dependence of the phytomass on edaphic factors, such as aggregate composition and humus content, have been quantitatively assessed. The data obtained reveal that the rise of the soil aggregate with size of more than 3 mm leads to primary production increase of agrobiogeocenoses in the recultivated areas.

42-51

Authors: V. V. Kachinskaya

The structure and biological diversity of ground mesofauna on a consortium level of organisation of ecosystems are considered. Indicators of structural organisation and biodiversity of ground mesofauna were analised in Ulmus and Populus consortia in the conditions of industrial territories of mining and smelting complex of Krivyi Rig Basin. It is established that taxonomical structure of ground mesofauna is characterised by insignificant number and quantity of taxonomical groups. Prevalence of hortobionts and herpetobionts in morpho-ecological structure of the community testifies to their attachment to consortium’s determinants and influence of steppe climate on its structure. Dominance of phytophages and polyphages in trophic structure is caused by a combination of consortium determinants specificity and «a zone source» of the fauna formations. The structural organisation of ground mesofauna in consortia of Ulmus and Populus in the conditions of industrial sites is characterised by simplified taxonomical structure with low biodiversity at all levels.

58-66

Authors: T. М. Konovalova, A. V. Zhukov, A. Y. Pakhomov

The results of the investigation of the impact of the mole rat’s activity on soil electric conductivity have been presented. GIS-technology have been shown to be effective for assessment of the pedoturbation activity effect on the soil surface heterogeneity formation. Method of the one-dimension spatial coordinated array transformation into matrix form has been proposed for following multidimension statistic analysis application. The quantity estimation of the mole rats role in formation of the habitat nanorelief-level diversity has been obtained by means of indexes of the landscape complexity and diversity.

73-85

Authors: О. V. Korolev

The specific trophic preferences of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) as one of the mass ground litter zoophages of Steppe Dnieper area forests are investigated. Taxonomic, size-weight, trophic and coenomorphic structures of potential food objects offered to the P. melanarius were analysed. P. melanarius choice criteria of potential food objects were established: hardness of exoskeleton and size of victims and also victim’s ability for fast moving.

92-97

Authors: М. G. Malik

The possibility to use the molecular cytoskeletal marker – glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) extracted from the fish brain – for conducting ichthyotoxicological research is analysed. It has been proved that histotypespecific proteins are positively sensitive to the influence of the various adverse factors upon a fish organism. The findings allow considering the glial cells’ cytoskeleton state as reliable and authentic marker.

110-116

Authors: N. A. Sitnik

Regularities of growth and dynamics of balance constituents of the energy budget of the flat oyster larvae in development are investigated. It is shown, that the linear growth in early ontogenesis is described by the exponential equation with high accuracy. Parameters of the functions connecting length, height and weight of larvae are defined. The quantitative characteristic of the energy balance elements of oysters larvae is given. It is shown, that during development from a veliger stage to a pediveliger the energy expenditures for growth, metabolism and nutriment assimilation increase more than 10 times. Net efficiency of larvae growth (coefficient К2) varies within 61.6–62.8 % during development, and the magnitude of a specific daily ration of oyster larvae equals 32–35 % of the energy equivalent of body weight.