Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, ecology

13-22

Authors: E. S. Vorobey, O. S. Voronkova, A. I. Vinnikov

Data on biofilms, their structure and properties, peculiarities of formation and interaction between microorganisms in the film are presented. Information on discovery and study of biofilms, importance of biofilms in the medical and clinical microbiology are offered. The data allow to interpret biofilm as a form of existence of human normal microflora. For the exchange of information within the biofilm between the individual cells of the same or different species bacteria use the signal molecules of the Quorum sensing system. Coordination of bacterial cells activity in the biofilms gives them significant advantages: in the biofilms bacteria are protected from the influence of the host protective factors and the antibacterial drugs.

28-33

Authors: Y. M. Dzhurtubaev, M. M. Dzhurtubaev

In the summer of 2009 macrozoobenthos of the danubean Lake Crivoe, located in theOdessaarea was studied. 26 species of sponges, annelids, crustaceans, insects, gastropods and bivalves were revealed. In the upper and middle part of the lake 24 were found, in the lower one 9 species were detected. Oligochetes, and larvae of dragonflies and chironomids are characterised by the greatest number (up to 300 spec/m²), the greatest biomass was found for gastropod molluscs (to 17 g/m²). The total maximal number of the macrozoobenthos reached 880 spec/m² and biomass – 40.2 g/m². Benthic faunas of two lakes, Crivoe and Lung, were compared.

43-47

Authors: V. P. Koba

This paper presents the results of monitoring research of the chromosome aberrations at the stage of anaphase-telophase. The statistical characteristics of dynamics of chromosomal aberrations in populations of Pinus pallasiana D. Don across the high-altitude zones of the Mountain Crimea is given. It is established that on the southern macroslope of the Crimean Main Ridge the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the P. pallasiana stands is higher in the lower zone in comparison with the middle and upper zones. Significant variability of that parameterindicatesthe occasional effect of the factors influencing the level of chromosomal abnormalities.

55-59

Authors: A. V. Krysenko, T. V. Sklyar, A. I. Vinnikov, N. V. Prischepa

The problem of wastewater treatment is one of the most pressing issues from the beginning of the century. A special roleof the heavy metals in the pollution of the environment is due to their bioaccumulation, transfer through trophic chains, and high toxicity. Currently, advanced technologies for the wastewater treatment had been developed. Natural and cheap biological treatment methods of intensification of the natural processes of organic compounds decomposition by microorganisms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions are promising. Amongimportant processes are nitrification and denitrification. That’s why a great attention is paid to the microorganisms that are capable to realize these processes. The processes of interaction of the heavy metals ions and microorganisms are of great interest not only from the standpoint of basic science, but also as a possible use in biotechnological processes.

66-77

Authors: N. N. Nazarenko, O. O. Didur

Coenomorphs of 156 vascular plant species of natural deciduous forests in Northern Steppe of Ukraine has been analyzed by the expert and statistical analysis. The inclusion of the species in the particular coenomorph has been proved. Series of the coenomorphsreplacement and factors of coenomorph groups forming have been determined. Coenomorphs may be used as a phytometer of coenotical and abiotic conditions. The determination of transitional coenomorphs is not always expedient and depends on the type of ecosystem, which is analyzed.

84-91

Authors: A. P. Simchuk, A. V. Ivashov

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the notion of the extended phenotype, in the sense of intrapopulation genetic variability which has ecosystem consequences. This notion is proposed for the role of basic concept in ecosystem genetics and is widely discussed in the special literature. At the same time, few foreign authors relate it with such phenomena as ecosystem heritability and ecosystem selection. This evokes some scepticism in relation to the concept and leaves open the question on the structure regulating interspecies relations in the ecosystem. Problem arises due to hierarchical nature of Life and because of transferring attributes of an individual to the ecosystem level. The concept of individual consortium may be more fruitful for solution of the problems and for further development of ecosystem genetics.

100-106

Authors: V. G. Skliar

The size characteristics of the Norway maple small undergrowth in different association groups of the forests of Novgorod-Sivers’k Polissia are аnalyzed. As the trophicity of soil increases the values of static metric and dynamic morphoparameters of the undergrowth upsurge. And on the contrary, the values reduced with the growth of the forest overstory density and the projective cover of the herb-shrub layer. It is shown that in different plant communities the Norway maple undergrowth is characterised by specific morphological structure. The communal habitat of the group of Querceta convallariosa associations conforms with the parameters of ecocoenotical optimum, which conditions are most favourable for successful growth of the maple young generation.

112-118

Authors: I. A. Stolbunov

An experimental test of the defense reaction, swimming ability as well as analysis of morphohydrodynamic parameters of cyprinid species (Cyprinidae): Rasbora paviei Tirant, 1885, Puntius brevis (Bleeker, 1850), Osteochilus hasselti (Valenciennes, 1842) from the ponds and streams of Central Vietnam were carried out. Significant differences were found in a number of morphofunctional parameters and behavioral reactions of fish from limnic and lothic habitats.

124-130

Authors: V. N. Stolbunova

The results of the studies of zooplankton collected in the superficial layer in different parts of the Sheksna Reservoir at the beginning of the August 2007 are presented. A total of 71 species have been recorded among which crustaceans prevail in the number of species, abundance and biomass. Zooplankton is distributed unevenly in the surface layer; the maximum density and biomass are recorded in the north-eastern part of the Lake Beloye – 164 000 ind/m3 and 1.06 g/m3, in the Sizma extension – 124 000 ind/m3 and 1.60 g/m3 and in the near-dam reach - 185 000 ind/m3 and 1.36 g/m3, respectively. The minimum values are recorded near the mouths of rivers Kovzha Belozerskaya (17 000 ind/m3 and 0.10 g/m3) and Kema (10 000 ind/m3 and 0.06 g/m3). Because of high concentration of fine-dispersed mineral suspended matter the water transparency decreases significantly. The water is polluted with the oil products and the rotifers of the genus Brachionus – indicators of polluted water – are dominated in the plankton. Zooplankton in the surface layer where blue-green algae are in mass differs from deeper horizons in lower abundance and biomass.

139-145

Authors: D. V. Schur, Z. А. Маtysina, S. Y. Zaginaichenko, N. P. Botsva, О. V. Elina

Results of our own research and academic literature data on the properties of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are analysed and summarized. Chemical stability of the structure and low toxicity of fullerenes determine their usage in medical chemistry, pharmacology and cosmetology. Due to its mechanical strength the nanotubes have become the basis of clean construction and barrier materials. It is shown that a matrix based on fullerit C60 can be obtained. It allows to store up to 7.7 wt. % hydrogen with formation of hydrofullerit C60H60. The usage of fullerenes for accumulation and storage of hydrogen enhances the prospects of clean hydrogen energy development.