Mobility and Vehicle Mechanics

1-12

Authors: Milan Bukvić, Živojin Petrović, Blaža Stojаnović, Saša Milojević

All systems in the construction of vehicles can be grouped logically, either as a structural system or control system. Structural systems consist of one or more sub-systems, as well as the optional files that define the system. Structural systems do not contain models, but only describe the structure, connecting systems and subsystems. The control systems consist of a model which defines the behaviour of the system and all the files needed to support or calculation of the output value of the system. Models and control systems include mathematical equations that describe the functions of the system or subsystem. Both of these types of systems are arranged in a hierarchical manner in order to define a vehicle that will be simulated. To avoid confusion, the best solution is to replicate the composition of the actual system, as far as possible. For example, small controllers should be grouped with the components they control, at various hierarchical levels wherever possible. Also, only systems that really are in the vehicle should be represented, in other words, there is no need for the unused components or space controllers. In addition to simplifying the construction, this concept will allow easy transfer between users and the system will be fully supported hardware and software, while ensuring effective control of the prototype, according to the needs.

29-38

Authors: Ivan Grujić , Aleksandar Davinić, Nadica Stojanović, Dragan Taranović, Radivoje Pešić

Vehicles are considered to be the biggest polluters of the environment. An alternative to conventional vehicles are hybrid and electric vehicles. Despite the good qualities of these vehicles, they can rarely be seen on the roads. In this paper, economic analysis is performed in order to determine cost effectiveness of the application of these types of vehicles. A comparison between the costs of owning a hybrid, conventional and electric vehicle is considered, in order to determine whether the costs have the greatest impact on the purchase of these vehicles. The costs included: price of a new vehicle, fuel price per km and maintenance price per km. The performed analysis shows that hybrid and electric vehicles do not have better economic indicators than vehicles with IC engines.

53-69

Authors: Zlatomir Živanović

The on-going requirements for reduction of fossil fuels consumption, harmful emissions, and noise in the cities enforced the development of city buses using alternative propulsion systems as a potential answer to these requirements. Even though some improvements, as regards harmfull effects upon environment, have been accomplished by Euro VI diesel engines, no significant developments in this direction can be expected. For this reason transition to electric propulsion systems of city buses having zero emissions, such as batteries or fuel cells buses (FCBs), is imperative for many cities and city operators. The paper presents an analysis of the development of FC buses accomplished by several European projects and points at numerous problems and obstacles that have to be overcome in order to make this technology commercially sustainable. Special attention has been paid to the comparative analysis of FC buses and buses using other propulsion technologies as regards both, fuel economy and operational costs.