Black Sea Scientific Journal of Academic research

10-15

Authors: Stezhko O.V.Zhytomyr national agroecological University, Postgraduate student (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT Vegetable growing has always been one of the main branches of farming. But now because of the drastic changes in the climate it is rather difficult to get good yields of vegetables of a high quality in the open. That is why many growers prefer working with the protected ground. More than 10 kinds of vegetables are raised in the protected ground in Ukraine had the cucumber being the most popular. If ecologically clean and safe products are to be grown in the protected ground a strict control over the application must be exercised. The aim of our studies was the analysis of the heavy metals dynamics in cucumbers. The results of our studies showed that the use of any fertilizers resulted in a higher content of pollutants in the cucumbers of first picking (first yield). The analysis of the following pickings showed a gradual decrease in the amount of the elements, and it did not exceed the admissible concentration limit in the cucumbers of the forth picking grown on the plot where fertilizes had been applied in different vegetation periods. The above testifies to the dependence of the amount of elements on a picking date. As regards the plot fertilized with a biopreparation, the cucumbers of the third picking were within the ACL. The analysis of the lead content in the cucumbers showed that it exceeded the ACL in all the samples. There a certain dynamics towards appeared a decrease in this element in the course of time after the third picking only. The copper content was within the ACL. Moreover, there was a, slight tendency towards a decrease in this elements in the course of time; beginning with the second picking the copper content stabilized. A tendency forwards a decrease in the Zink concentration remained and, beginning with the 3-rd picking, its content in the products was lower than the ACL. An excessive contents of cadmium was detected in the cucumbers grown on plots 2 and 3. But the cucumbers of the 2 picking from the plot fertilized with a biopreparation did not display any excessive cadmium, while on the 3- rd plot this safe any was only reached at the 3-rd picking. Keywords: dynamics, hard metal, cucumbers.

23-27

Authors: Shchygol Ganna Stanislavivna National Scientific Agricultural Library at the National Academy for Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (the City of Kyiv), Senior Research Worker (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT Prominent scientist and plant selection breeder Professor D.F. Lykhvar (1902 – 1986) had worked for 26 years in a row as the Head of the Selection Department of the Ukrainian Research and Development Farming Institute (URDFI, currently the Farming Institute of the National Academy for Agrarian Sciences). In addition to the update of the research trends and essential consolidation of the material and technical facilities for the research Professor D.F. Lykhvar also founded his own selection breeding scholar school that is functioning up to now. На основі наукових робіт, спогадів сучасників професора Д.Ф. Лихваря та архівних матеріалів автором досліджено його науково-організаційну діяльність в Українському науково-дослідному інституті землеробства (1959–1986), висвітлено внесок ученого та його послідовників у розвиток селекції в Україні та світі. On the basis of the scientific research, reminiscences by Professor D.F. Lykhvar’s contemporaries and archive materials the author has examined the Scholar’s research and organizational activities at the Ukrainian Research and Development Farming Institute (1959 -1986) and described the scientist’s and his followers’ contribution to the development of selection both in Ukraine and the world. The scientist outlined the main trends for the activities of the Laboratory and chose the doers for the selection of panic grass and peas (I.V. Yashovskiy), beans (N.S. Nazarova), English beans, and later for the winter rutishness and spring wheat (M.A. Vitvistkiy). Under Professor D.F. Lykhvar’s guidance (inclusive of previous achievements) over 40 cultivars of industrial crops, pulse crops and forage crops were developed. 23 out of them were zoned and established such as, in particular, Poliska 70 winter wheat, Poliske Tetra 11 winter rutishness, Kyivska 8, Kollektivniy 210 maize hybrids, Rannya 73 spring wheat, Rubin 2 panic grass, Kyivska 48, Zarnytsya buckwheat, Triploid and Kyivski fodder beet, 6 cultivars of lupine, 6 cultivars of grasses and legume grasses, Poliskiy 4 fiber flax. Professor D.F. Lykhvar developed 7 cultivars on his own. In 1966 on Professor D. F. Lykhvar’s initiative the Plant Genetics Laboratory was founded at the Institute to further develop the scientific foundations of selection and to enhance its applied efficiency. At the same time the selection research structure was updated and the personnel, financial, material and technical support was provided. The important stages of the development of the selection research at the Institute include the assignment in 1973 the status of the Forage Crops Selection Centre, and since 1982 the status of Integrated Crop Research Centre for the Forest Steppe, Polesye and Western Ukraine zones. As the Head of the Kyiv Integrated Selection Centre D.F. Lykhvar supervised the selection research at the Institute, as well as coordinated the selection development of 20 industrial crops and forage crops carried out at 19 Research and Development Institutions within the activity zone of the Selection Centre. As a member of a special tourist group that attended various Congresses and Conferences on Selection the scientist promoted the cooperation with foreign research institutions. D.F. Lykhvar founded the competitive scholar school that established over 80 cultivars of various agricultural crops listed at the Plant Cultivars Register of Ukraine and that successfully functions at present. The research was further continued by the Doctors of Science (Agriculture) V.G. Mykhailov, A.F. Bober, L.K. Taranenko, M. A. Vitvistkiy at the URDFI, and by Doctor of Science (Agriculture) V.V. Scoryk at the Nosivska Selection Station and V. M. Pshenychniy at Kyiv Research Station correspondingly. Key words: D.F. Lykhvar, the Ukrainian Research and Development Farming Institute, Selection.

32-37

Authors: Ivan Trach State Agrarian and Engineering university in Podiliya, assistant of the Department land planning and cadaster (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The article presents the results of research influence of chelate fertilizers on yield of soybean varieties with usual row spacing (15 cm) and wide row spacing (45).The extraroot fertilizing in phases of flowering and of formation of the bean of the plants, are the possibility of increasing the crop capacity of soybean varieties. The plant soybean is strategic food crops. One of the main problems in the world is to increase the yield of this crop. Due to poor implementation of the genetic potential of soybean varieties in Ukraine, we conducted a study of the impact on productivity of plant foliar feeding complex fertilizers. The article presenting results of study of the influence of chelated forms of fertilizers on the yield of soybean varieties with usual row spacing (15 of centimetres) and wide row spacing (45 of centimetres). The extraroot fertilizing in phases of flowering and of formation of the bean of the plants, are the possibility of increasing the crop capacity of soybean varieties. Field studies were conducted at the experimental field of the State Agrarian and Engineering university in Podiliya, (Kamenets-Podolsky, Ukraine), in 2009-2011 years. In the experiment, we studied influence of three factors: factor A - recommended for forest-steppe varieties of soybeans - Podilska 1 (control), Zolotysta, Yeliena and Omeha vinytska; factor B - sowing methods – usual row spacing (15 cm) and wide row spacing (45 cm), and the factor C - fertilization for foliar feeding - Nutrivant plius oliinyi, Reakom-R-soy, Basfoliar 6-12-6. Effects of fertilizer favorably influenced the formation of beans, seeds and yield of soybean. Fertilizers was increased number of pods per plant and seeds of the beans, that created a greater yield. Straight line method of sowing was the best. The best soybean varieties was Omeha vinytska. Higher yield was obtained in studies in areas of conventional row method of sowing and fertilization Basfoliar 6-12-6 phase of flowering and forming pods. Keywords: soybean, varieties, foliar feed, chelate fertilizers, yield.

42-46

Authors: Valeriy Yermilov Mykolaiv regional institute of postgraduate pedagogical education, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT In the conditions of unfavorable social-demographic situation in Ukraine an important value acquires the question of perfection of obstetric-gynaecological help. The ministry of health and medical public consider that in the context of reform of the system of health protection medicare to the women in the period of pregnancy, births and maternity must occupy one of leading places. Thus desirably to know and take into account historical experience in this area of medicine. The history of foundation and development of practical obstetrics in the period of zemstvo in a concrete region was not studied, therefore, taking into account actuality of this question, the purpose of our was research to study the development of family medicare to the women by medicine of zemstvo in the South Ukraine (Kherson, Tavricheskaya and south districts of Bessarabskaya provinces) in the second half of the XIX - beginning of the ХХ of century. A zemstvo from the beginning of its foundation paid attention to helplessness of rural women during pregnancy and births, when they were forced to use services of uneducated local women (povytuha) and witch-doctors which often did not help, even did harm to the women and their babies. It impelled at once, with formation of medicine of zemstvo to engage, where possible, the organization of obstetric help. But, in spite of understanding of large requirement in a skilled help, this question developed very slowly. Positions of midwives were entered in all districts of south provinces. However, the amount of the births accepted by them was insignificant and in districts these positions began to abbreviate. Doctors of zemstvo understood well the tragedy of such position and actively came forward for the improvement of obstetric help of zemstvo. The organs of power of zemstvo, on the basis of the limited source of finances, developed this help too slowly. More actively question of skilled obstetric help in provinces was solved starting with 90th of the XIX of century. All representatives of medical personnel of zemstvo began to give help to the women at births: doctors (mainly at mogitocias), assistant-midwives, midwives, student-midwives and even district first-aid men. Except for opened earlier maternity departments at province hospitals of zemstvo maternity rooms or departments for women giving births appeared at district hospitals too, and the first rural maternity hospitals were even organized – in Bobrynets of the Kherson province and Koreiz of the Tavricheskaya province. So, in course of time (at the beginning of the XX century), in some aspects of obstetric help medicine of zemstvo had certain success: the amount of skilled medical personnel increased, considerable part of births (more than third in the Tavricheskaya province) began to pass through their hands, at hospitals maternity departments or chambers (Kherson and Bessarabskaya province) were created. One third of births was accepted in these departments (Kherson province). But on the whole rural medicine of South Ukraine for all period of zemstvo was not able to organize an obstetric help in obedience to the urgent needs of greater and socially vulnerable part of population – women of genital age. It demanded the strained work later. Key words: period of zemstvo, medicine of zemstvo, obstetric help, South Ukraine.

54-58

Authors: Liudmyla Kovpak Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Candidate of Historical sciences, senior researcher in the Department of Contemporary History and Policy (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The article is based on the introduction to the scientific use of the new archives, statistical, analytical sources and modern literature, and the paper in historical perspective investigates the ecological problem of the Dnieper River and the quality of the drinking water in Ukraine nowadays (1991-2013). We consider a number of questions about the state of water resources and the implementation of measures of the National program to improve the ecological situation of the Dnieper River. The article deals with the state and measures to improve water recourses in Ukraine as urban as well in rural areas. The Dnieper River occupies the third place among the rivers in Europe (after the Volga and the Danube), and flows into the Black Sea. Putting the attention to the great importance of the clear drinkable water in the lives of many people in different countries, the United Nations Organization on March 22 was declared the World Day of Water Resources, and 2003 - the Year of the water. Deficiency of clean drinking water is one of the most critical issues for many regions of the world, because over 1 billion people in the world drink the water, which is unsuitable for consumption. According to the UN, it is projected that by 2025 this number will increase more by 900 thousand people. The action of the UN was to remind that the Planet's water resources are not inexhaustible, because the fresh water on the Earth exists only 3%. The article uses the new governmental departments archives of some ministries towards water resources protection in Ukraine in the contemporary period (1991-2013). The historical aspect of the problem of the water protection of the environment is not understudied and investigated fully and it is in need of research nowadays. In Ukraine in 1991-2013 years the ecological state of the Dnieper River basin and water quality needed improvement and implement a set of measures on the part of public institutions and the public. However, inadequate water legislation regarding state control over the use and protection of the hydrosphere and the lack of leverage on violators of environmental laws hampered the provision of quality water, population and industries in the country. For it was necessary to increase funding for state programs to preserve and improve water quality for the economic needs of Ukraine and needs, as well as from the point of view of international trends in the importance of water resources at the present stage of world development. Keywords: ecological state of the Dnieper River, drinking water in Ukraine, international cooperation in the sphere of the water resources protection (1991-2013).

64-68

Authors: Godovan V.V.1, Ostapchuk K.V.2 1 Doctor of medical Sciences, Full Professor, Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology of Odessa State Medical University (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT In the 90-s of the last century came a new stage in the evolutionary approaches to drug therapy - evidence-based medicine. Its principal difference from the previous one is scientifically and clinically proven efficacy and safety, and most importantly, long-term forecasting of the impact of drug therapy on quality of life. The practice of evidence-based medicine is closely intertwined with clinical pharmacology and involves the appointment of an individual patient rational pharmacotherapy combination of individual clinical expertise and best evidence obtained through systematic research. We studied the influence of deletion polymorphisms of genes GSTT1, GSTM1 and A313G polymorphism of gene GSTP1 on severity of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in 77 patients. We found the patients with genotype GSTM1null had higher levels of ALT, AST and total serum bilirubin (respectively 1,98 ± 1,54 mmol/l×h, 1,08 ± 0,90 mmol/l×h, 23,6 ± 14 30 μmol/l ) than patients with genotype GSTM1 + (1,32 ± 1,02 mmol/l×h, 0,62 ± 0,50 mmol/l×h, 13,60 ± 3,50 μmol/l, p < 0,05 for all parameters). In patients with GSTM1null genotype who were infected by virus with 1b genotype, significantly more developed different stages of liver fibrosis on a Metavir scale, than in patients with genotype GSTM1 + (88,2 compared with 56,2 %, p = 0,023). We didn’t identify influence of deletion polymorphism of gene GSTT1 and A313G polymorphism of gene GSTP1 on severity of CHC. Higher levels of ALT, AST and total serum bilirubin in CHC patients before treatment are associated with genotype GSTM1null. Patients with genotype GSTM1null, infected with genotype 1b, more likely to develop liver fibrosis varying degrees (F1-F4). Impact not identified polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTP1 on the severity of the CHC. Identified associations listed genes polymorphisms with the severity of the disease is the real way to customize the selection of drugs, which are aimed at improving the effectiveness and safety of treatment. Keywords: gene polymorphisms, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, severity of chronic hepatitis C.

73-79

Authors: Oliinyk LarisaVolodymyrivna Khmelnitsky National University, Researcher of the Department of International Economic Relations (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The article deals with current issues of improving the efficiency of asset management engineering enterprises by balancing financial and resource management in the context of factors characteristic of the field of technological backwardness, chronic shortage of financial resources, lack of management experience, the price will remain the criterion on long instrument of competition policy and its ability to realize production and marketing plans. The article deals with current issues of improving the efficiency of asset management engineering enterprises by balancing financial and resource management in the context of factors characteristic of the field of technological backwardness, chronic shortage of financial resources, lack of management experience, the price will remain the criterion on long instrument of competition policy and its ability to realize production and marketing plans. Financial and resource factor has been one of the key elements forming resource potential and asset engineering enterprises in Ukraine today. It should be aware that the strategic goal of economic development of the studied companies serving managerial, technological innovation and technical improvement work. Traditionally, local businesses achieve strategic goals possible is possible due to development: product innovation; market innovation; pricing; marketing systems; service; logistics; direct resource support; the financial condition and assets. A large proportion of funds coming to the company through commercial loans from other companies and significant amount payable. in the absence of effective steps to improve the financial mechanism of the negative trends of companies coming to the deteriorating financial market conditions. In this area, as in other areas of financial activity for businesses represented there vicious circle of problems, the base of which is beyond asset management. Target Markets businesses do not give fully load the available production capacity, in consequence of which the company receives damage from keeping unused capacity. An unprofitable activity limits the ability to attract corporate capital (through legislative prohibition issue of corporate securities for loss-making companies) and is accompanied by the refusal of banks to long-term loans. Thus, the company got into the "trap of Industrial Depression" when the target market area are not able to provide a return of capital, while the company no resources for sectorial diversification of markets and investment in new manufacturing facilities and equity actually frozen in the liquidity support and maintenance of current financial operations of the company. Keywords: assets, resources, financial instruments, management efficiency.

86-91

Authors: Synytska Helena Khmelnytsky National University doctoral student of international economic relations, PhD, associate professor of tourism and hotel and restaurant business Vinnitsa Trade and Economics Institute Kyiv National Trade and Economic University (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT This paper deals with topical issues of contemporary social policy in Ukraine in the context of social and labor relations on its ability to realize and focus efforts of public authorities to solve the most pressing social problems, namely protection against unemployment, assistance for the disabled and the poorest segments of the population, the combination of insurance and state social security systems, the development of health, education and other social sectors through the use of mechanisms of social partnership. Keywords: social and labor relations, labor market, social partnership

100-104

Authors: Lehun Elena Nikolaevna Vinnitsa State Pedagogical University. Kotsyubynskoho candidate of psychological sciences, professor (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The article reviews the dynamics of changes of the definition of concepts of meaning of life and death from antiquity to the present day. Development of humans` ideas associated with death, uncover human perception of the meaning of life and its basic values. The transformation developed directly from understanding conception of death as a natural continuation and completion of life, until they break, or separate in human mind. Keywords: meaning of life, values, fear of death.

111

Authors: Chobanov R.A1., Aliyev A.V2., Dosbayev A.S3. Public health department, Azerbaijan State Medical University (Azerbaijan)1

Alendronate - a drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis. In the literature of authors associated with aspiration alendronate to airways, and not only [1, 2]. A 45-year-old woman took alendronate 65 mg by mouth weekly for treatment of osteoporosis/ she experienced some difficulty ingesting one of the pills. Shortly after she developed hoarness, shortness of breath, and cough productive of brown sputum, which was intermittently streaked with blood. Symptoms worsened over the next 2 days. On presenting to an emergency room in respiratory distress, she was found to have inspiratory and expiratory wheezes by auscultation over both lungs. Her white blood count was 16,1x109/l. Chest computed tomography scan showed circumferential thickening and debris within the bronchus intermedius and right lower lobe bronchus along with consolidation and partial atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes. Flexible bronchoscopy showed thick secretions adherent to the vocal cords, the lower trachea, the right mainstem bronchus, lobar, segmental airways. No pill was seen. She was trated with antibiotics and prednisone. The patient’s symptoms persisted. Airway inspection performed with a flexible bronchoscope revealed near complete obstruction of trachea and right lung airways by wax-like plugs and pseudomembranes. Histological examination of endobronchial biopsy specimens showed airway ulceration and inflammation with foreign body giant cells and necrotic, inflammatory debris with refractile crystalline material. Her shortness of breath improved after the bedridement. She was discharged home 6 days after admission. Repeat flexible bronchoscopy 17 day after discharge showed patent airways with minimal exudates in the distal right mainstem bronchus and the bronchus intermedius. Discussion: since 1995, alendronate has widely used for treatment of osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and hipercalciemia of malignancy. Alendronate is an aminobisphosphate structurally analogous to the pyrophosphate of the bone matrix. Alendronate selectively inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Erosive esophagitis is a well known complication of bisphosphonate therapy. Esophageal perforation and gastric erosions and ulcerations have been reported as well. Severe painful oral ulcers have been described in patients who sucked or chewed a pill. Chemical laryngitis has also been described. Intravenous administration of bisphosphonates has not been associated with mucosal injury. Consistent with an experience described in one previous case report, our patient developed necrotic injury to the trachea and right central airways, which progressed over several days after aspiration of an alendronate pill. Symptoms of airway obstruction improved after waxy material and pseudomembranes were debrided by flexible bronchoscope. We believe that our patient’s airways were damaged by the same direct chemical injury that has been described for esophagitis and gastric ulceration. When the pill adheres to a mucosal surface, a high concentration of alendronate is released into solution over a limited area of surface epithelium. A high influx of sodium and a T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction had been implicated in the subsequent mucosal injury. The long-term effects of alendronate tracheobronchitis on airway structure and function, if any, are unknown.

8-13

Authors: Kharynovych-Yaworska Diana

This paper investigates the stages of operational monitoring and diagnostics of the state trading enterprise to identify and consolidate its competitive advantage in the future to create competitive strategies. The study determined that the primary purpose of the implementation of the monitoring and diagnosis of the condition to practice trading activity is to provide top management of commercial enterprise accurate and current information on the actual level of performance as compared to direct and potential competitors, the availability of capacity for raising them and to form alternative management tools, competitive advantages in the implementation of competitive strategies of commercial enterprises and risks of their use. Operational program monitoring and diagnosis commercial enterprises provides a sequence of implementation of its phases, the main ones is to clearly define the information field and the frequency of its implementation, the formation of monitoring indicators that characterize the dynamics of competitive advantage and enable us to determine the reasons for their change, evaluation, forecasting of trade businesses in the future, inform management measures to create a competitive advantage of trading companies as part of their competitive strategy. The efficiency of operational monitoring and diagnostics of the state trading enterprise to some extent dependent on the skill level of its subjects. Conducting a program of operational monitoring and diagnosis must be economically justified. Implementation of monitoring the state trading enterprise bank should rely on their own resources, because of its key criteria should be: maximum efficiency and minimum cost and maximum effect. Keywords: operational monitoring, diagnostics state trading enterprise, the competitive environment, risks of business, management measures prospective analysis.

21-24

Authors: Arabadjiev Dmitriy

Nowadays any electoral process includes, in varying degrees and with certain objectives, sociological studies. Significant growth of interest to the sociological study of regular voters is one of the brightest features of democratic reforms in any society, including Ukraine. However, it must be stated that in scientific circles the problem of sociological research, including poll techniques use while public monitoring, is insufficiently explored. In the scientific literature there are different approaches to the essence and the basic parameters of public monitoring. However, despite all odds, it is stated that public monitoring is an activity which subject are civil society institutions, individuals, other states’ representatives endowed with appropriate powers. The main method of public monitoring is observing. Among other methods, most of which are borrowed from other fields, some quite extensively and have long been used in political science (survey, exit-poll, focus groups), while Poll technique (and its variants) as part of the public monitoring allows obtaining information regarding the issue the subjects of monitoring are interested in. This type of sociological research in the context of the electoral process public monitoring as a whole can be used as an indicator of the verification of voting results, the real factor for falsifications preventing. In the pre-electoral period, the subject of monitoring activities using poll techniques can predict problematic situations during the electoral process, can identify the leaders of the election race, can predict the activity of the electorate, etc. In the post-electoral period with the help of such techniques the monitor has an opportunity to compare the survey results with the results announced by the Central Election Commission, to make, taking into account the results of electoral process monitoring in whole, the conclusions about the legitimacy of the election. In the inter-electoral period, poll techniques using provides political (as well as electoral) field study. Public monitoring is the process of observation for obtaining information, but it synthesizes the implementation of three functions such as diagnostics, pragmatization and prognostification. Basing on the obtained data, it aims at the realization of correction function. These functions Implementing contribute not only to the direct (primary) method of monitoring activities - observing, but also to a number of methods borrowed from sociology, among which are the most common poll techniques ( general and expert interviews , questionnaires, exit poll) . Keywords: public monitoring, poll, questionnaire, exit-poll.

32-35

Authors: Demchuk Natalia

The study of the investment process from the perspective of resource security determines the need to identify its role in the implementation of investment given the shortage of funding sources that can provide the formation of investment resources. The essence is to ensure the optimal ratio of sources of financing of the investment process, on the one hand, provide investment behavior, allowing to realize investments in accordance with the period of implementation and financial constraints, on the other, to reduce the costs and risks associated with the use of funding sources. Formation of the conceptual foundations of the strategic management of real investments is global in nature, as associated with a significant multiplier effect of development of the Ukrainian economy, increasing investment potential, investment attractiveness, investment activity, on the basis of optimizing the use of internal and external sources of funding, which determines the increased interest in scientific topics research. Determine the integrity of the totality of the elements and the relationship that forms the basis of strategic management and investment projects including the formation of the effective implementation of which is reflected in the increase of investment attractiveness, investment activity, and causes changes in the investment company's financial condition, predetermines the possibility of financial support of the investment process, contributing to the growth rate of economic development. Was justified by the need for economic modeling investment decisions based on the detection results depending on the economic and investment of the enterprises from the underlying data changes development of investment projects at the threshold values of magnitude capital and operating costs, the cost of fixed assets and intangible assets, the amount of funding, determining the final performance indicators that need to make investment decisions, as well as analysis of potential investment performance in the future. Keywords: investment projects, the potential investment, investment activity, enterprise investment status.

28-31

Authors: Tatiana Grigorievna Yerich

The questions of legislative support activities of Russian Orthodox Church in the field of spiritual education of the XVIII century, the edicts of the tsarist government on expanding the network of spiritual education, unification of periods of study and training programs are analyzed. One of the first orders of power on questions of spiritual education was published in 1721 the Tsar's manifest confirmed "Charter of spiritual college". In the division of "Matter of bishops" to the questions of organization of spiritual education a point № was devoted 9: "... velmi do vipravlennya tserkvi korisno e tse, schob usyak episkop mav u budinku, abo pri budinku svoemu shkolu, dlya dItey svyaschenitskih, abo v inshih, v nadiyu svyaschenstva viznachenih". In addition, the whole division directly sanctified to the questions of organization of spiritual education in an empire was situated in the same document - "koli nemae svitla vchennya, ne mozhna buti dobromu tserkvi povedintsi. Bo vchennya dobre i gruntovne e vsyakoyi koristi, yak vitchizni, tak i tserkvi". Objects that had to be taught in church schools and seminaries were determined in a charter, principles and aims of educating, authority of teachers and school administration registered. Actually this was the first legislative act that regulated the questions of church education in the Russian empire. Post mortem Peter of І there is some weakening attention to the questions of the education. Desire to unify approaches and principles of primary and middle education from the side of the state, and similarly negligible quantity of teachers and students, resulted in appearance in 1726 governmental order on that control after all existent schools in an empire came true by Sacred Synod. Thus, spiritual education in the Russian empire ХVІІІ a century was under a strict supervision from the side of the state. During one hundred years the Russian emperors personally controlled becoming and development of spiritually-educational establishments in a country. When society education existed only in an embryonic form, exactly parish schools, theological seminaries and academies made basis of the state educational system.

38-42

Authors: Morocco Vladislav V.

PARTY OF REGIONS: FROM THE PARTY IN POWER UNTIL THE "PARTY OF POWER" (2002-2004) Morocco Vladislav V. Institute for History Education National Pedagogical University MPDragomanov (Kyiv), Ph.D. in History, Ph.D. Department of History and Archaeology Institute of Slavic History Education National Pedagogical University. MPDragomanov (Ukraine) E-mail: vladmoroko@ukr.net ABSTRACT The process of the Party of regions’ creation as the party in power analyzed. The period between 2002 and 2004 was selected for the analysis. At this particular time the next forceful ”party in power” stands out from the Pro-government political Union “For United Ukraine!” The article considers the mechanisms of usage of mobilization and electoral potential of the political party for the purpose of preservation a certain elite group in power. Meaningful words of the party’s program documents are examined in a span of time. The lack of clear ideological postulate of this association and its pursuit of social and humanitarian populism is pointed out. It is recommended to see the reasons of “orange” revolution in the commanding claims of regional manufacturing/industrial and administrative elite, which has faced the authoritarian ambition of the acting president. The crystallization process of the new, industrially and geographically colored group of officials is shown.

47-51

Authors: Lenara S. Adjiyeva

The second half of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century for Crimea were associated with formation and consolidation of capitalist relations. These processes have found reflection in the successful development of agriculture of peninsula. The wine-making were good developed. During the studied time it’s become to industry, wine production increased more than 4.5 times, the industry has become a lucrative article of Crimean economy. Despite the importance of winemaking, the historical aspect of this question is still little known in science. East war has become a serious challenge to social and economic development of the Crimea. the agricultural sector fell into disrepair. If at the beginning of the war in 1853 at Tavriyska province produced 429.7 thousand buckets (about 10 liters) of wine, in the 1857 production level dropped nearly tripled to 149.83 thousand. In 1867 were achieved 88.2% of the prewar level of wine production. New and restored plantations began to appear on the outskirts of Simferopol, Sevastopol and Balaklava, valleys of Belbek, Kacha, Alma, Black, Bulganak. The specialists of the Department of Agriculture in Crimea in 1860-1870's systematically monitor the development of winemaking and research in this area, develop proposals for the creation of markets for grapes and wine, establishing to make analyzes of chemical composition of wines and more. On the peninsula were introduced advanced technology of wine production : from grape varieties of Semillon, Sovinyon, Sersial, Erimitazh, Nebbiolo-bianno, Russap, Verdi White, Cabernet, Saperavi, Malvasia, Zantskyy White, Pinot Black were created and launched production of strong-type wines like Madeira, liqueurs, sweet, champagne and other. The major supplier of Crimean wine in the 1860s became the cellar "Magarach". Here were created good quality wines with steady flavor characteristics: "Nikitskoye krepkoe", "Beloe iz maderskih loz", "Krasnoe krepkoe iz maderskih loz", "Stolovoe beloe magapachskoe", "Stolovoe beloe Nikitskoe" etc. With the laying of railways in 1874, that stretched first to Simferopol, and a year later in Sebastopol, were revived trade, increased exports of wine on the domestic markets of the empire (the central part of the Volga, Siberia). By the mid-1870s on the peninsula amount of annual wine production were brought to 600 thousand buckets, of which 250 thousand were in the Southern coast of Crimea. The increasing of the area under vineyards on the peninsula made it possible to conduct industrial winemaking. Massandra and "Magarach", great wineries, dealers and wine cellars became the centers of industrial winemaking, like: Gubonin in Gurzufe, Tokmakov-Molotkov in Alushta, Tayurskiy in Castel, S. Vorontsov, Keller in Partenit, Beketov near Alushta, which gained wide fame and worldwide recognition. In the 1870-1890's the market demand for wine prompted the owners to expand the area of vineyards. Over these years, they increased by 26% (in most large landowners), and the volume of wine production increased from 1 to 1.3 million buckets. It was 8% of the total empire wine production. In 1893 were sold wine almost 3.3 million rubles, and exports of Crimean wine in 1899 was 200 thousand buckets. In the beginning of the XX century the situation escalated cause of the crisis through the lean years, weak demand, monopolizing of the production and widespread falsification of wine. In 1903-1914's the wine production increased 1.5 times and reached 2 million buckets of wine for a total of 3 million rubles. In Crimea in the second half of the XIX – in the beginning of the XX century were approved the commercial wine-making. Being a predominantly agricultural area, the peninsula has become one of the most advanced capitalist regions of the empire. Here were intertwined modernization processes in economics and pre-capitalist and traditional forms of management. The introduction of advanced scientific thought in the production, contributed to the improvement of quality wine production, its recognition in Europe and the world, strengthening the authority of the peninsula as a center of the wine business.

58-64

Authors: Marina N. Davydenko

Based on the scientific works and memoires of contemporaries of academician of USSR AS А.М. Hrodzynskyi and materials of his personal archive, the background for the development of his scientific school and the main areas of his activity, as well as that of his students and followers and their contribution to the development of botanic science in Ukraine and world were studied. А.М. Hrodzynskyi substantiated a number of new scientific areas in allelopathic science, laying foundation for further studies in this field: explaining the mechanism of soil fatigue, choosing components in mixed crops, biofield and allelopathy, biosampling skills, phytosanitation, allelopathic tension and activity, soil biochemical activity, plant absorption of biologically active substances, plant residues, forest floor, stimulating properties of weeds, confinedness of weeds to cultivated plants etc. It did not only lay foundation for native allelopathic school, which developed its activity after grounding of Specialized Commission for defence of theses in specialities “Botany” and “Plant physiology” in Central republican botanic garden of AS of USSR, initiated by А.М. Hrodzynskyi. Under scientific supervision of А.М. Hrodzynskyi and his students over 50 Candidate’s and 5 Doctor’s dissertations were defended. Among his students and followers are famous scientists in the field allelopathy N.I. Prutenska, L.D. Yurchak, P.A. Moroz, E.A. Golovko, M.M. Matveev, director of the park «Alexandria» S.I. Galkin, director of the park «Trostianets» O.O. Ilienko and others. А.М. Hrodzynskyi was a man of wide range of interests. He initiated research in the field of space botany. Under the leadership of А.М. Hrodzynskyi was protected first in the Soviet Union dissertation of fitodesign. Fruitful cooperation of the scientist and his students with foreign colleagues stimulated further overseas studies of this area. In 1994, with the assistance of one of the devoted followers of academician А.М. Hrodzynskyi’s ideas – Е.А. Holovko, International allelopathic society was founded, which united experts from about 50 countries of the world, and results of allelopathy studies, which found the most intensive development in Ukraine in 1970–1980 and were connected with А.М. Hrodzynskyi’s name, are widely performed in different countries, especially those having export oriented agriculture and forestry.

72-75

Authors: Straihorodska Liudmyla

Based on the studied and reviewed documentary sources and scientific articles the organizational, as well as scientific and pedagogical activity of W. O. Poggenpohl is covered. The scientist started his laborite activity in Uman College of agriculture (Ukraine) on the position of a natural studies teacher. During his whole life he intensively and skillfully combined his own scientific work and pedagogical activity. At direction’s behest, W. О. Poggenpohl performed extensive work on organization of Don secondary agricultural college (Russian Federation). In this educational school he fulfilled the responsibilities of director and inspector, further he was elected as professor. The organization of such college was extremely important for the development of education and agriculture. On passing different stages of reorganization: from technical school, institute to Don state agricultural university, – this institution of higher education fulfills now the most important tasks of agricultural sector. Its main target today is to prepare highly qualified specialists in agriculture. W. О. Poggenpohl devoted 50 years of his life to scientific and pedagogical activity. His students remember him to be an exacting teacher and a talented tutor. He organized meteorological stations, which were good educational and practical facility for students’ training. For some time W. О. Poggenpohl was a member of Scientific council and Service commission of the university, the head of Physical and mechanical subject commission. W. О. Poggenpohl took active part in scientific meetings and associations. He made speeches, presented the results of his own observations, which were notable for completeness, accuracy and originality. Significant contribution and scientific achievements of W. О. Poggenpohl in the field of climatology, meteorology and phenology are substantiated. As meteorologist he determined the climatic data of the area, studied monthly and annual average values of atmospheric pressure, wind direction and force, relative humidity, cloudiness and precipitation. Beside the created summary tables, based on weather results, some graphs of decade amount of precipitation and identified probable drought periods, published by the scientist, were of especial importance. This article gives comprehensive coverage to the Russian period in scientific and pedagogical work, as well as research activity of W. O. Poggenpohl – native scientist, famous meteorologist, climatologist and phenologist. Key words: W. О. Poggenpohl, scientific and pedagogical activity, education, Don secondary agricultural college, Don Institute of agriculture and melioration, meteorology, climatology.

92-99

Authors: Usatenko Oksana Nikolaevna

ABSTRACT The methodology of this research is the psychodynamic theory, developed by аcademician NAPS of Ukraine T. S. Yatsenko. The specificity of mental reality is the integrity of the conscious and unconscious spheres, despite their autonomy and contradictory unity. The problem of mental deep-laid cognition provides a disclosure as functional features of the unconscious as instrumental aspects of objectifying relationships between two abovementioned spheres. Solving the alleged problem requires the formation of methodological principles of deep cognition of the psyche. There is a task of the deep cognition to disclose causes of violation of the interrelations between the conscious and unconscious, their mismatching at deep-laid levels that causes personal problems of the subject. The mismatching areas of the psyche are masked by psychological defenses in their basal and situational (peripheral) manifestations. The above is of particular importance to the training of practical psychologists. A necessary condition for the formation of professional psychologists practitioners believe their personal psycho-correction, aimed at identifying the depth- psychological foundations of personal problems, degrades the interaction with other people. Psychological maturity psychologist associated with the ability to transform itself into an object of research that contributes to the depth of reflection infantile origins of personal issues, the analysis and understanding of his own life "programs" own psyche, determined childhood. In this regard, training of practicing psychologists, in addition to traditional academic teaching methods requires a specific methodological support that is associated with psycho correction practice. The possibility of using the reception of psychoanalytic work with the mask, allowing the development of reflection of future psychologists. Shown in the empirical material of deep psycho-correction with future practical psychologists objectifies as a mask in the knowledge of the psyche. Disclosed semantics mind using a mask associated with a sense of inferiority generated by the oedipal relationship. Based on the author's figures, toys revealed archetypical character mask, which is confirmed by the analysis of the historical, cultural and biological perspectives mask.

9-15

Authors: Gavrilyuk Ivanna Ivanovna

One of the main challenges the industry is to provide people with food. One of the important branches of livestock cattle is Ukraine, which provides the public are essential products such as milk and beef, valuable raw materials for the food processing industry. Overcoming the crisis in farming is impossible without the introduction of new methods of economic management in the operation of the production market farming. Improving the efficiency of milk production and beef associated with the implementation of complex economic, institutional, social and legal measures at the state level in the region. In the prospect of improvement of the socio-economic consisting of the state will provide the increase of profits of population and proper growth of demand on the products of stock-raising. But then the cattle breeding must develop on innovative basis with bringing in of the best domestic and foreign technologies, plant-breeding achievements. The measures of state support of industry must be concentrated on support of highly technological productions, stimulation of realization of the regional modernization programs, projects, able to accelerate the transition of industry to the high-quality new technological level which will allow to go out on providing of new quality of life and make a competition in the world market of products of animal origin. Priority public support should receive specialized breeding, which does not require large capital investments, the use of significant amounts of grain forage, and is based on the significant potential feeding through effective use of meadows and pastures. Key words: livestock, agricultural enterprises, number of animals, production.

21-26

Authors: Vasyliuk Petro

The article features historic and research analysis of governmental and departmental decrees and instructions according to the results of the State Commission on Cereal Crops Examination during the years of the Second World War. Its organizational structure and changes occurring due to the military actions, are disclosed. Research trends for variety testing plots and laboratories are described. The article establishes that the vents of the Second World War has left their mark on the development and arrangement of the domestic agricultural science, the research industry and plant variety examination, in particular. In those times, the State Commission on Cereals Varietal Examination and the State Commission on Technical Examination were directly managed by the USSR People's Commissariat for Agriculture (the People’s Commissariat for Agriculture). The People's Commissariat for Agriculture of Ukrainian SSR was managing the State Commission on Variety Testing of the Vegetable, Gourds Crops and Fodder Root Crops and the Technical Council. Despite the battle front approaching the borders of USSR the State Commission persisted with its routines expending its tasks. In particular, in 1939 the Ukrainian SSR for a first time introduced state examination of fruit, berry crops and grapes; in 1940 – oil crop varieties, namely; Ricinus, ground nut, seasam, Perilla frutescens, Lallemantia, oil flax, mustard, Carthamus L., pop, thereby the State Commission for Cereals Examination under the Ukrainian SSR People's Commissariat for Agriculture stabled the Department of Oil Crops. In January 1941 there was a first variety testing plot arranged in Mykholayiv region for a crop of Sothern hemp. Among the most important decisions aimed at examining and disseminating the plant varieties of agricultural crops at the beginning of 40th years there was an adoption by People's Commissariat for Agriculture of the varietal zoning. Its development has been made against soil and climatic conditions as singled out within the regions and republics of ex-Soviet Union according to the soil examinations completed. The varietal zoning has enabled to select eligible varieties and that subject to serial multiplication. Such an arrangement of the works resulted in the adoption of the Special Procedure and Farming Practice of the Varity Testing on March 17, 1940. Content of the document incorporated recommendations and directions relevant to the workflow and the management of observation documents, the conduct of general and phenological, phytopathologic, etymologic and meteorological observations etc. Since 1940, a new procedure for plant variety assessment had been introduced, namely their economical suitability for the production, at collective farm fields, which was aimed at describing the promising varieties under varying conditions of production inside the inter-region areas and was a vehicle for varieties popularization and their introduction into collective farm fields. Virtually any regions, territories and republics of the Soviet Union have their plant variety plots, apart from variety testing, engaged into the works on scrutinizing local farming practices, as well as used for the conduct of additional, in particular, procedural trials. One of the prevailing research targets was to compare the rates of sowing and nutrition area (as for cultivated (weeded) crops) for certain varieties of the crop. A single procedure was applied for all the variety plots in the republic to compare six sowing rates for spring wheat and barley. The follow-up group of issues for variety plots to deal with related to the quality and the origin of seed material. The research was focused on the impact on crops yield of seed of varying origin, weight etc. Quite a lot of consideration was given to the issue of mechanical powering for the harvesting and sowing works; in particular, the State Commission of Variety Testing submitted a design of grain harvester aided with frontal header developed with its own means. As for that day, three laboratories of State Commission were operating in the Soviet Union, namely as follows: seed control, milling&baking and chemical. Hence during 1939 to 1945 the State Commission of Cereals Variety Testing did not terminate its operation on examining the agricultural crops. During the above period, new agricultural crops were introduced into examination, program of examination was considerably extended, plant variety examination procedure was developed, etc. That resulted into a doubled number of varieties engaged into official trials, thus a number of zoned varieties in various soil and climatic conditions increased, too. Keywords: state plant variety testing, historic and research analysis, variety, agricultural crops, variety testing plots.

32-35

Authors: Arabadjiev Dmitriy

Public authorities’ Interaction with civil society institutions is one of the most important strategic conditions of development of Ukraine as a legal, democratic and social state. Prerequisite for this dialogue is to implement public monitoring as a method of observing, tracking of general trends and changes that take place in the society. Review of monitoring in a variety of fields in science is under attention. However, it should be stated that in general the problem of public monitoring explored insufficiently. There is no comprehensive approach to the analysis of the problem of public monitoring. Monitoring as a tool for observing, tracking of general trends and changes that take place in the society, has been widely used in various spheres of life such as economics, politics, education, information technologies etc. It’s become important to use monitoring technologies in the socio-political sphere. In public monitoring gaining data is always purposeful and perceivable process. In addition, it provides not only obtaining , but also a special selection of information with a view to its use in accordance with the goals of public monitoring. Public monitoring structure meets its primary aim – so, public monitoring provides for subject of monitoring and object of monitoring and subject and object relations. Public monitoring is a special activity. It’s subject are civil society institutions, individuals, representatives of other states, endowed with appropriate rights. The object of public monitoring are processes (and its members) and the phenomenon of social and political spheres that are relevant to the subject of monitoring. While characterizing the public monitoring the problematic aspects of public monitoring in Ukraine should be indicated. The first one is the absence of the customer and the consumer of the public monitoring results in Ukraine today. The second aspect is the necessity of providing high professional level of monitoring activities. These aspects relate to subjective side of public monitoring first of all. As for monitoring facilities, the difficulty lies in the need for authorities’ leaders’ goodwill to implement some form of public monitoring, for example, interviews with employees of public authorities. Finally, in the case of enforcement trends dominance in the state, repressive measures to external "controllers" are possible, as it was in Soviet times. The main purpose of monitoring is information. But in the context of the functional purpose of public monitoring it can be considered as a multi-tool, which integrates the functions of diagnostics, pragmatization, prognostification. Furthermore, it should be noted that public monitoring is aimed not only at establishing compliance between processes participants’ actions (objects of monitoring )and the existing legislation, as well as correction of deviations. Moreover, the correction function can be accomplished by appealing to the power structures or to public opinion. In accordance with the object of public monitoring, its functions are narrowed and clarified. Keywords: monitoring, observing, diagnostics, pragmatization, prognostification, correction.

40-44

Authors: Sergey Tkachenko

The purpose of the article speaks about the possibility of the presentation of the concept of education analytical information processing system, which will enable, based on a variety of management requests, in-depth study of various aspects of industrial enterprises and industrial associations and their internal divisions as a whole for any calendar periods of time, which will significantly improve the effectiveness of control systems. Despite the fact that a large contribution to the development of economic analysis as a science made his labours scientists, economists, issues related to the formation of an integrated system of analytical information processing corresponding deep scientifically oriented lighting was not found. The study was conclusively proved the concept of the formation of a systematic methodology of analytical information processing, which consists in the fact that it significantly extends the analysis functions in industrial enterprises and industrial associations, strengthens its administrative aspect. Taken together, the various types of analysis (prospective, retrospective, operational, comparative, problem-oriented and functional-cost), form a system of analytical information processing, enable, based on a variety of management requests, in-depth study of various aspects of industrial enterprises and industrial associations and their internal divisions as a whole for any calendar periods of time, which significantly improves the efficiency of management systems and so on. Among the prospects for further research in this area of particular relevance is different question related to justification of the indisputable fact that the functional development of the control system – a key factor in increasing the efficiency of production and business activities of industrial enterprises and industrial associations. Further development of the analysis function can lead to the replacement of traditional economic analysis of economic activity on a functional subsystem developed analytical processing of information with in-depth use of the concept of paradigm methodologically sound approach. Key words: Data analysis, analyzes, enterprise (association), systemic methodology, administrative aspect.

50-54

Authors: Novikovа Innola

The transition to a new quality of economic growth in developed countries is accompanied by radical structural changes in the national economy. First, sharply reduced the share and role of material production as the gross domestic product (GDP), and in the employment. On the "offer" is an industrial labor productivity growth, which leads to reduction in the number employed in material production. On the "demand" is shifting in favor of services because with the increase in living standards and increase profitability of enterprises changing structure of production and personal consumption. Together with the decrease of the relative role of material production is accelerated growth and rapid market development services - education, health, finance, tourism, infrastructure, business etc. From the standpoint of a systematic approach to say that competitiveness is influenced by environmental factors the company, its competitive environment and internal status, which in turn is driven by the level of potential competitive telecommunications company. Macro creates general conditions of stay in the environment. In most cases, the macro does not have a specific character, in relation to a single company. From the external environment of the enterprise, especially a market that is growing rapidly, we are referring to the telecommunications market. It is necessary to allocate immediate environment - these are the components of the environment with which the company is in close interaction. Competitive telecommunications company - is a relative quantity that characterizes the real and potential businesses in the current environment to design, produce and sell goods (works, services ), which are important characteristics are more attractive to consumers than their competitors' products, while the company in the short and long term has the opportunity to reach their goals. We believe that we should distinguish between the real and potential competitiveness. Real competitiveness is determined be ex market share compared to major competitors. The real competitive offer flag as competitive status of enterprise telecommunications. Potential competitiveness is determined by the combined competitive potential of the company, which consists of personnel, intellectual, organizational, informational, industrial, technological, financial, investment, marketing, innovation potentials. These potentials are treated as interpenetrating, interrelated, interdependent, organizing the synergy of all of the potential of the company. To ensure this relationship is proposed to introduce the term "cumulative competitive potential of the company". The total competitive potential should be interpreted as the degree of power level facilities to ensure its competitiveness due to the available resources at the disposal of the company and company's ability to use them effectively and play. Of the total capacity of the competitive potential of the selected group, which includes marketing, innovation, intellectual and informational potential to provide a decisive impact on the competitiveness of the telecommunications company. It is this group of potentials allows the company to gain and maintain a competitive advantage in this regard, this group of potential as a strategic emphasis. Since the level of competitiveness of enterprise telecommunications is largely determined by the components of its strategic potential, to increase the competitiveness necessary to raise the level of the components of the strategic potential - marketing, innovation, information and intellectual potentials. Enhancing the intellectual potential of the telecommunications company necessitates the use of knowledge management and artificial intelligence. The proposed scheme improve the competitiveness of enterprise management mechanism Telecommunications quite versatile and provides the possibility of any action being planned now aiming at increasing its competitiveness. This is due, firstly, the use of an extensive system of indicators that reflect the influence of factors increase the competitiveness of enterprises and cover all aspects of its activities, and secondly, extensive simulation, in which is set a real degree of dependence of the competitiveness of enterprises on the specific parameters of its operation ; in the third, planning target ratios, the achievement of which result from the implementation of appropriate measures ensuring the growth of competitiveness of enterprises, and, fourthly, targeted combination of these ratios with the system motivate employees, which allows you to monitor and adjust performance targets. Keywords: competitiveness, enterprise, telecom

59-63

Authors: Nataliya Kovalenko

The article is sanctified to research of scientific achievements of prominent agriculturist-farmer of ХІХ century, first doctor of agricultural sciences, professor of the Saint Petersburg University, author of famous book on development of agriculture of А. V. Sovetov. On the basis of historical sources the contribution of scientist is analyzed to development of crop rotations in the systems of agriculture and their further improvement. It is certain that a scientist first set forth a concept about the systems of agriculture and gave classification to them. He considered that different forms that or other method of till of earth is expressed in that, it is accepted to name the systems of agriculture. Arguing against emulating West Europe, a scientist suggested adjusting the replacement of plants crop rotations to the terms of Russia. Professor А. V. Sovetov is legally considered one of founders of development of the replacement of plants crop rotations. The scientific achievements got by him in relation to the improvement of crop rotations in the systems of agriculture presented a considerable contribution to development of agrarian science and education. It is set that the scientific achievements of scientist comprehensively represent the basic stages of development of home science about development of crop rotations in the systems of agriculture, are valuable theoretical and practical material for scientists and specialists of agriculture. А. V. Sovetov defined the level of culture of agriculture and development of agriculture expansion of field to sow of grass that induces news economy on scientific basis. A scientist proved convincingly, that sowing of long-term herbares on the fields not only assisted development of stock-raising but also restore and promote fertility of soil. On this basis, in Russia long-term herbares and their mixtures began to sow on the fields far before, than in West Europe. Key words: А. V. Sovetov, scientific achievements, historical development, crop rotations, world agriculture, agricultural cultures, forecrops.

69-73

Authors: Valeriy Yermilov

Medical insurance and related to it insurance medicine remains of the most immediate interest in the independent Ukraine nowadays. The examination of native historical experience in this matter can suggest solution of a current problem. The aim of our work was research and presentation of medical insurance development as well as that of insurance medicine in the South of Ukraine, where these processes were most intensive. For a long time afflictions, caused by manufacturing with the impact on workers, were neglected in the Russian Empire. Upward 70th of the XIX century the situation began to intensify extremely. The efficient way out was to initiate social insurance of the hired workers. The South of Ukraine was one of the country regions, where industry and agriculture were intensively developing. As early as 1891 the district doctor of Elisavetgrad in Kherson Gubernia Voitsechovskiy A.I. stated for the first time the necessity of insurance of the injured workers, while he examined agricultural injury rate, that was rapidly growing. Notable in zemsky medicine Teziakov N.I., Kudriavtsev P.F, Khizhniakov V.V. also suggested insurance of the workers at the expense of the employers in their famous works about the arrived agricultural workers of Kherson and Taurida Gubernia in 90th. But the issue of workers insuring in agriculture, that was substantiated by zemsky doctors of Kherson Gubernia and time and again supported at Russia-wide congresses, was not tackled in Tsarist Russia. The problem of supporting the injured workers was even more daunting at industrial institutions. In Odessa as early as 1894 the owners of 22 factories and plants insured in local commercial all-in insurance companies 1003 workers. In 1896 in all Kherson Gubernia 3003 workers were insured at 60 enterprises. But soon it came out, that such commercial insurance was not beneficial: the injured workers got only ¼ of the insurance premium, paid by the employers, and ¾ was the revenue of private insurance companies. For this reason factory inspection and some liberal industrialists put forward the initiative of establishing their own insurance organization on a reciprocal basis. Since October 10, 1899 “Odessa mutual injury insurance association of manufacturers and handworkers with their workers” started to operate and was spread to Kherson and Bessarabskaja Gubernia. From 1900 till 1909 this Association insured 67 294 workers and 320 872 Ruble 88 Kopeck were paid back to injured 4493 workers on account of death, injury or disease, which amounts 81,65% from all insurance payments of employers by contrast to 23,9% of the previous commercial insurance. The mutual insurance associate also tended to develop medical aid services for the insured workers. In Odessa it entered into agreement with the Red Cross hospital and private ambulance station and even in its own office it arranged medical aid for the injured workers. In 10 years the costs of the Association for treatment and expert examination of labor capacity of the injured workers amounted 10 335 Ruble 87 Kopeck. With the assistance of the Insurance Association a group of doctors founded 1909 in Odessa “Consulting bureau for examination of workers and other persons, accidently injured”, where workers of Taurida, Kherson, Bessarabskaja and Podolskaja Gubernia applied to. So gradually the system of insurance medicine was being formed in the region. Now it can be seen that at the end of the XIX century preconditions for accident insurance of agricultural and industrial workers were developed in the South of Ukraine. As opposed to agricultural production, the employers of the industrial production started the optional insurance at first as a commercial, and then as a more beneficial mutual insurance. Therewith medical aid for injured and sick workers by means of insurance began to develop, as well as medical examination of labor capacity. These preconditions of medical insurance and insurance medicine, developed at the beginning of the XX century, were the first in Ukraine and one of the first in the Russian Empire. Key words: medical insurance, insurance medicine, insured workers, employers, South of Ukraine.

78-83

Authors: Dmytro Didukh

The influence of innovative capital on the market value of innovation-active enterprises is characterized in the article. It is proved that as a result of innovation processes new tools, methods, forms and technologies of production appear. Therefore the high quality of the produced goods (services), the highest possible levels of sales, cash flow and an early increase in the market value of the enterprise are provided. We propose to classify the consequences of usage of innovative capital as follows: the effect of the value creation and the impact on the financial performance of the enterprise. In its turn, the effect of the value creation can be characterized by the processes of direct and indirect value creation. The article discusses the process of identifying individual patterns of reflection of such effects in the accounting system. The results of the processes of direct value creation find their display in the form of tangible and intangible assets on the relevant accounting records and in the balance sheet in the form of initial value, residual value, fair value, net initial value, net present value and net market values. The need to consider the processes of indirect value creation as an internal enterprise goodwill was justified. Detailed analysis of the scientific literature showed that there is no single approach to evaluation and accounting of internal enterprise goodwill. It was suggested to display intangible assets on the balance sheet, in particular on a separate account "Goodwill" and in the notes to the financial statements. Such an approach simplifies the procedure of displaying of goodwill, without violating the fundamental principles and objectives of accounting and correctly determines the overall financial result. The research characterizes the impact of innovations on the financial performance of business entities. The system of indicators to assess such impact was ordered. We propose to use the absolute indicators that are reflected in financial statements: net sales, cost of sales, gross profit, administrative expenses, created financial result, net financial result. The relative indicators will be following: profitability of economic activity, return of equity, product profitability, profitability of investments in innovation, return of assets of the company, the growth rate on equity, return on assets rate, labor productivity, materials consumption, its gearing ratio. The findings are summarized in an improved accounting model of market value of the enterprise in which innovative component is proposed to be displayed. Key words: innovative capital, market value of the enterprise, accounting and analytical support, innovation, goodwill, assessment, financial indicators.

89

Authors: Gulyaev Anna, Gulyaev Boris, Bogdan Mikhail

As you know, one of the important functions of phosphorus in the cell is the energy supply processes of growth and reproduction of living matter. It falls in the middle of the cell in the form of inorganic phosphate resulting in the active transport and is quickly activated in a variety of organic compounds and inorganic condensed phosphates - polyphosphates. Phosphorus is included in these compounds as a result of two main reactions - phosphorylation and phosphorylation in chloroplasts, coupled with the wind in the mitochondria. The plants use the energy - energy bonds of ATP produced by the process of photosynthesis for growth and metabolic processes related to energy costs : CO2 assimilation, absorption of various organic and inorganic compounds, the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and inorganic polyphosphates. Showing close connection with phosphorus energy processes in a cell can be traced back to plants with different types of metabolism are sensitive to phosphorus nutrition, such as sugar beet and winter wheat. Since no active transport of nutrients to maintain homeostasis cannot be both at the cellular level and the whole plant level, the level of phosphorus is an essential factor that contributes to the level of biochemical processes at membrane level and energy basis for the maintenance of these processes due to the energy -energy relations. Root uptake and transport of nutrients is closely linked to the processes of metabolism and energy in plant organisms, the vitality and growth, as above-ground organs and roots. The process of respiration is a source of energy required for the uptake of mineral nutrients. This is due to a close relationship between the intensity of the absorption of nutrients by plants and respiration rate. For normal growth and root respiration need a constant supply of energy to it material - the products of photosynthesis (carbohydrates and other organic compounds) from the overhead organs. With the weakening of photosynthesis decreases the formation and transport of assimilates in the roots, resulting and reduced absorption of nutrients from the soil. The phosphate fertilizers need use for the formation of high plant productivity. This is a question exacerbated by the inaccessibility of this element for plants and limited resources reserves of phosphate deposits. Particularly important is the study of phosphorus nutrition of plants in relation to the acidity of the soil where its availability is further reduced. So, from the world's reserves, the total area of acid soils is approximately 30 %. In particular, the area of acidic soils in Ukraine is 3.5 million hectares. Increase the acidity of the substrate is one of the main factors that negatively affect not only the growth and development of plants, but also on the activity of soil microorganisms, absorption and assimilation of nutrients, the activity of enzymes and plant productivity as a whole. Such violations cannot be completely eliminated even after the increase in acidic soils. In connection with the above, the purpose of our study was to investigate the influence of the conditions of phosphorus and acidity of the substrate on morphogenesis, the functional activity of the root cells, the photosynthetic apparatus, gas exchange of CO2 and plant productivity sugar beet and winter wheat Keywords: sugar beet, winter wheat, phosphorus nutrition, acidity, functional activity of the root cells, the photosynthetic apparatus, productivity.

8-13

Authors: T. Giorgadze, S. Giorgadze

Stress seems to be an integral part modern life. There is now good evidence (in animal and human studies) that the magnitude of stress-associated immune dysregulation is large enough to have health implications. Stress-related immune dysregulation might be one core mechanism behind a diverse set of health risks. The purpose of the review: the description of the effects of stress on the immune system and its implications for human health. Without claiming to cover all the details of negative changes in the internal environment of the body when exposed to stress, the current review provides a brief summation of the facts of the current understanding of the cellular mechanisms.There is good evidence that stress can induce immune dysregulation partly through the alterations in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, inflammatory responses are regulated by the SNS and the HPA axis, which activate in response to stressors. An enlarging body of evidence suggests the presence of interactions between the immune system, the central nervous system (CNS) and the endocrine system, where these systems can be influenced by psychological and social factors. Data from both human and animal studies show that the connections between the neuroendocrine system and immune system provide a finely tuned regulatory system required for health. Disturbances at any level of the stress response can lead to an imbalance of physiology of the body and can lead to enhanced-susceptibility to infection and inflammatory or autoimmune disease As discussed above, extensive research has demonstrated a marked effect of psychological stress on immunity in humans. Additional prospective studies using clinically relevant outcome measures are necessary to further define the impact of psychological stress on immune-based diseases. Better definition of the mechanisms of the stress-associated immune alterations, the specific nature of the stressors that adversely impact health, and the clinical course of stress mediated alterations in disease, will provide valuable insight for the development of pharmacological and/or behavioural interventions to prevent and/or treat the clinical sequelae of stress-associated immune dysregulation. Key words: Stress; Immune dysfunction; Health:

19-25

Authors: K. Nanobashvili

Below in work is shown the usage of Kuriozin (Liquid) in several spheres of practical medicine: Gastro-enterology, Gynecology, Neonatology, Dermatology, Surgery. Also in Maxillo-facial surgery. First time is shown medicament’s usage in complex treatment of parodontal diseases.

29-32

Authors: K. Nanobashvili, T. Okropiridze, R. Kapanadze

A new medicine – Kuriosin was applied of inflammatory processes in parodontal tissues. Kuriosin has no analogies by the composition and effects. It is an organotrophic medication, which include Zink and Hyaluronric acid (HA). It is a glue-like, limpid solution, its pH=5-6. The HA of the Kuriosin gets into contact of fibrinous net and makes transitional matrix. It stipulates activity and migration af granulocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, also – the proliferation of epithelial cells. The effectiveness and success of complex treatment was shown in 130 persons. The patients were divided into two groups: control group n=59 persons and the study group n=71 patients. The traditional treatment course was applied in patients of the control group. This course includes removing of gingival plaque, curette of periodontal recesses, medication of periodontal tissues with antiseptic solutions. After these preparations, periodontal tissues are treated with Heparin ointment and Trichopol, also by periodontal bounds. In this case the antibiotic-therapy was introduced. In the patients of the second-group Kuriosin and Plasma-therapy was applied. Before and after treatment the cytological examination was carried out in patients of both groups. For examination we got content of periodontal recesses. Before the treatment the inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues was shown. In presence of ulcero-necrotic gingivitis, on 18-month post-operative cytogramms we saw the following results: after the treatment there was no anymore processes of inflammatory-destructive character; the number of leucocytes and lymphocytes sharply decreased, while the number of undamaged cells increased. This fact can prove discontinuance of inflammation and induction of regenerative processes in periodontal tissues. We have seen the same results in groups of patients with periodontitis. Beside there were the large number of undamaged epitheliocytes and increased number of plasmocytes.th Key Words: Parodontology, Kuriozin, Cytological Research

40-43

Authors: Galogre A., Cagareli Z.

The aim of the work to estimate morphological changes in cells of gingival mucosa membrane in the experimental gingivitis model. 50 rats, with the body weight up to 120-160 gr. were used in the experiment. Gingivitis was modeled by front teeth ligation after a preliminary exfoliation of mucosa membrane in the dental neck area. The specimens were examined by histological method under electronic microscope on the 3-rd, 5-th, 14-th and 28-th days of experiment. It has been shown that cellular population of plasmocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and mast cells take part in the inflammatory process. In the areas of the microcirculation occurs transformation of endotheliocytes like papillas; the process of roughening of collagenous fibrils indicates their significant role in the inflammatory damage of gingiva. Key Words: Experimental gingivitis, Soft tissue cells, Ultra structure

48

Authors: GANIEVA G. , SHADLINSKI V., ISAEV A., TSAGARELI Z.

Nodular of diffuse of the thyroid gland are more frequent in clinical practice in Georgia. Palpation of the thyroid gland during a routine physical examination is the easiest and least expensive method for their detection. According our data prevalence of the thyroid nodules is 7-61% of the general population depending on age, diagnostic method and region of Georgia. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the most effective test currently used to distinguish between: 1. benign and malignant nodules, 2. autoimmune processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the FNAB results and postoperative histopathological, conclusion to compare the FNAB diagnostic value in nodular disease and autoimmune pathology. Main outcome: FNAB method is effective currently best method for different benign and malignant nodular forms of the disease but based on our data in 18% FNAB cannot reveal inflammation process. In this same time, FNA data controlled of ultrasound features is valuable for indentifying many malignant or potentially malignant thyroid nodules and performed to determine pre- and postoperative treatment. Key Words: thyroid nodule, FNA data