Journal of Innovative Biology

057-062

Authors: Leena Seasotiya, Sunita Dalal*

Antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains always remains a critical concern. Mutations in antibiotic target sites, over expression of efflux pump are the major modes of development of antibiotic resistant. The present study was conducted to determine fluoroquinolones antibiotic resistance and role of efflux pumps in fluoroquinolone resistance by using efflux pump inhibitors. Fifty seven bacterial strains were tested against ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin by agar well diffusion assay. Twenty four bacterial strains were found to be resistant against ciprofloxacin and 19 against ofloxacin. Further, fluoroquinolone sensitive strains were tested to observe the decline in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels in presence/absence of standard efflux pump inhibitors (piperine and plumbagin). Leaf extracts of Lawsonia inermis were tested as efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) against the selected bacterial strains. Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) possesses antibacterial activity and when combined with various subfractions resulted in synergistic interactions by declining its MIC to 1/2 and 1/4 against K. pneumoniae. Hence, the compounds in these extracts can serve as templates of new antibacterial agents as well as EPIs.

068-077

Authors: Satvinder Singh*, Raj Kumar Sharma, Shilpi Malhotra, Ramesh Pothuraju, Umesh Kumar Shandilya

The present study evaluated gut related changes and adipose tissue inflammation in high fat diet (HFD) fed and streptozotocin (STZ) treated diabetic rats. Male albino Wistar rats were fed on HFD (60% kcal fat) and normal chow (control) for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, HFD fed rats were injected with STZ (35 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetes. High fat diet fed STZ treated rats had reduction in the oral glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, HDL-C and raised fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and atherogenic index in comparison to HFD fed rats. On the other hand, feeding of high fat diet resulted in decrease in the total number of bacteria as well as other bacterial groups in comparison to control. Bifidobacteria were most significantly reduced. The propionate proportions (%) in caecal contents were increased in HFD fed rats in comparison to control while HFD fed diabetic animals had decreased propionate proportions. Expression analysis of proglucagon and PC1 in cecum and IL-6 in epididymal fat was higher in HFD fed group and lower expression of adiponectin in epididymal fat as compared to control. STZ treatment significantly lowered the expression of proglucagon and PC1 in cecum and adiponectin in epididymal fat and increased the expression of TNF- and IL-6 in epididymal fat. These results suggest that improvement of gut related parameters by nutritional/therapeutic approaches may have beneficial effect on obesity and diabetes.

084-096

Authors: Rahul Goyal, Sunil Kumar*

Abstract: Nanotechnology deals with the study of any material substance having size in the range of 1-100 nm. It is a cutting edge technology having extensive scope in the fields of food and environmental science, chemistry,physics, biology, and many other fields with unprecedented applications. Nanoparticles are the building blocks of nanotechnology offering diverse applications in almost every field at the atomic scale. Nanoparticles exhibit novel characteristics like optical, electrical conductance, mechanical, thermal and magnetic properties which are different from properties of the same material exhibiting at the bulk scale. Nanotechnology is the most prominent technology in the field of medical science for the treatment and prevention of severe and incurable fatal diseases like cancer. Nanoparticles and nano devices enable cancer detection, treatment and prevention faster than conventional therapies. This review article explains cancer and causes, factors responsible for cancer occurrence and finally, nanotechnology based therapies for cancer detection and treatment

105-111

Authors: Garima Singroha*, Neha Pandey, Ravinder Kumar Malik, Santosh Kumar Mishra

Abstract: In this study we evaluated the hypocholesterolemic effect of a L. gasseri strain Lg70 isolated from human infant feces. Twenty four rats were randomly assigned to three groups comprising eight rats in each group. The three groups were negative control group (fed on normal basal diet), positive control group (fed on cholesterol enriched diet only) and test group (fed on cholesterol enriched diet supplemented with milk fermented with Lg70) for 90 days. Blood samples and fecal samples were collected after every 30 days and total cholesterol level, HDL-C, LDL-C, serum triglycerides, atherogenic index and coliform & LAB counts were analyzed on monthly basis. After 90 days feeding on their respective diets it was found that in test group receiving milk fermented with Lg70 total cholesterol level were decreased significantly by 29.71% (p <0.05), LDL-C concentration decreased by 49.54% (p<0.05), HDL-C level increased by 36.70% and the

117-121

Authors: Kamal Rai Aneja*, Pankaj Kumar, Chetan Sharma

Abstract: Water hyacinth is one of the most dangerous aquatic weeds not only in India but all around the globe. In the years 2011-13, extensive surveys of various ponds, pools, lakes and rivers were made with the objective to search, isolate and evaluate potential fungal pathogens on water hyacinth. During various surveys conducted in different regions of Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, populations of water hyacinth in various ponds of Kurukshetra (Haryana) were found to be heavily affected by various types of leaf spots and leaf blotches. From the infected leaves, an isolate of Alternaria was isolated on water hyacinth dextrose agar (WHDA). Based on the symptomatology, cultural, morphological characteristics and molecular basis (nucleotide homo-logy and phylogenetic analysis) it was found to be a new strain of Alternaria alternata. The pathogenicity and Koch’s postulates have been proved in vitro.