Pesticides have beneficial effect on agricultural productivity however, due to indiscriminate use, pesticides are routinely detected in environment and to some extent in food. Improvements in the delivery system of pesticides can enhance the bioefficacy and solve the problem of unintended environmental and human health consequences. In recent years, nanotechnology is used in the field of insect pest management in the form of nanoparticles. The enhanced efficacy of nanopesticides at low concentrations can benefit the farmers and reduce the pollution level in the environment. In this review, traditional strategies used for the management of insect pests and potential of nanomaterials in insect pest control as modern approaches of nanotechnology have been summarized.