INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

77-83

Authors: Gawande WJ | Yawale SS | Yawale SP

Glasses are very much stronger than organic fibre. Besides glass being a totally non combustible material it greatly improves the fibre endurance of composite. Due to many uses of CuO-MnO2-B2O3 glasses, dc-conductivity measurement with increasing concentration of MnO2 (in the range of 5-30 mol%) have been reported in the temperature range of 313-573 K in the present study. In addition, the physical properties like density, molecular weight, molar volume, hopping distance, polaron radius and number of ions per cm3 have been reported. A plot of –log s versus 1/T shows two different regions of conduction. The DC conductivity increases with increase in temperature of the sample and it is composition dependent. Activation energy calculated from both regions (LTR and HTR) is below 1 eV. Thus electrical conduction is electronic. Activation energy in LTR and HTR are independent of temperature but depends on composition . The values of effective dielectric constant, polaron binding energy, polaron hopping energy, polaron band width and pre-exponential factor are reported. The nature of hopping conduction is found to be adiabatic. The data has been analysed in the light of polaronic hopping conduction model. The values of dielectric constant at different temperature (313-573K) at a constant frequency of 1 KHz are reported. It is observed that the dielectric constant does not change with temperature upto certain temperature, but then dielectric constant increases with temperature fastly. The dielectric constant of all the samples studied is found to depend on composition. In the glasses studied dipole relaxation phenomenon is observed.

93-97

Authors: Gupta Pratibha | Choudary MD | Arajpure VG

Polymer exist both in crystalline and amorphous form, polymer crystallinity is one of the most important property of all polymer. Crystallinity of the material is the Presence of amount of crystalline region in polymer with respect to amorphous region, Crystallinity influences most of the polymer properties, some of these are hardness , modulus, stiffness and tensile. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a most commonly used analytical technique for phase identification of a crystalline material and can provide information for the unit cell dimensions. The analyzed material is finely homogenized, ground and average bulk composition is to be determined. X-ray diffraction is also used to measure the nature of polymer and extent of crystallinity present in the polymeric material. Calcium carbonate is used as inorganic filler reinforcement with HDPE as base material with coupling agent, proportionally with eight different proportions. The addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% on weight fraction basis mixed with HDPE, with the help of an extrusion machine. The resulting mixture characterized by unique microstructure which is responsible for their properties. The reinforcement is stiffer and stronger, than the basic polymer. It increases its modules and strength with change of crystallinity. The objective of the present investigation is to find out the change in microstructure of the composites, and compared with neat material.

107-112

Authors: Holey BA

Dyes are widely used in the textile, rubber product, colour, printing, pharmaceutical and paper industries. Azo dyes are regularly used in the textile printing industries. This is the major cause of environmental pollution, because large amount of dye wastewater is discharged from the printing units. Therefore there is need of degradation of dyes. It is observed that several combined anaerobic and aerobic biological treatments utilising bacteria are in progress to enhance the biodegradation of textile dyes. The bacteria are capable of decolourizing Congo Red dye. Various bacterial strains such as E.coli, Salmonella sp., S.aureus, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtillis were isolated and identified. The decolourization of Congo Red dye by the bacterial species was observed in various concentrations (100 to 500µg/ml) of Congo Red (CR) dye. The maximum decolourization was observed up to300µg/ml. Bacterial Consortium shows maximum decolourization that is 98% at 100µg/ml concentration of Congo Red.

117-119

Authors: Lad AB | Kathale UR

The white patches appearing on the skin or loss of skin color due to malfunction of melanocytes is one of the skin disorders called as vitiligo. The treatment for this skin disorder is mainly aimed to regain the normal skin color referred as repigmentation in medical terms. The patient suffering from this disease may follow any therapy subject to availability, convenience and belief. Ayurvedic, Homeopathic or Allopathic treatment options are available. Most of the patients prefer phototherapy now a day. It includes Narrowband Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB), Targeted Phototherapy. The interaction of light of specific wavelength with the skin initiates repigmentation.

125-130

Authors: Kumar Manish

To meet the agriculture and domestic energy demands of the Champaran district of the state of Bihar, the small hydro project at RD-79 on TMC (Tirhut Main Canal) has been planned and designed. The project comprises of construction of a cross regulator having ten gates to regulate the flow and to raise the head across TMC.A head regulator has been envisaged upstream of the cross regulator to pass a designed discharge of 80 cumecs on tubular turbines, installed in power house to generate a power of 1852 kw (kilowatt). A tail race channel has been proposed from the power house to carry the flow back to the TMC. The cost of generation has been worked as Rs.2.14 with subsidy and Rs.2.28 per unit without subsidy. The project has been found techno economically viable and will supply the power to the nearby area suffering from power crises.