Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences

3-6

Authors: A N. Okpogba,E C. Ogbodo*,M N. Izuogu,A K. Amah,D C. Ejiofor

Exposure to factory effluents comes with deleterious consequences. The purpose of this study was to assess the histopathological effect of factory effluents on the liver and kidney tissues of chickens (Gallus gallus domestica) reared around factory sites in Nnewi Metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of twenty-nine chicks comprising of sixteen chicks exposed to factory sites and thirteen non-exposed chicks were grown to adult birds (chickens) for the study and were allowed to feed from the surrounding homeland of the factories including lead acid battery manufacturing factory (A), metal fabricating factory (B) and metal forging factory (C) respectively until they were aged between four and five months as adult birds (chickens) for the study. The chickens were sacrificed to obtain the liver and kidney tissues for histological analyses. The histopathological evaluation of the effect of the factory effluents on the liver and kidney tissues of birds reared around the four factories (A-D) and control were done by microscopic examination of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections. The results obtained in factory A, B and C showed widening of the liver central vein and thickening of the vessels with invasion of the surrounding areas by chronic inflammatory cells as against the controls which showed fairly normal liver tissues with normal liver parenchyma cells with a central vein containing blood cells. Also, the photomicrographs of the kidney tissues of birds reared around factory A, B and C showed evidence of marked glomerulo-nephritis and hypercellularity with evidence of glomerulosclerosis and hyalinization of the glomeruli as against the normal glomeruli and tubules found in the control birds. These results indicate that the environment where these birds are reared is a potential threat to the lives of the birds reared around these factories.

11-14

Authors: Dikshant R Kawale,Anil Sontakke*,Jaydeep Nayse,Sonal Arsude

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is prevalent in patients with hypertension (HTN). There is a lack of OSA screening in patients with HTN. Diagnosis and treatment of OSA in patients with HTN may improve blood pressure control and avoid complications of undiagnosed and untreated OSA. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim to screen OSA suspects in high risk groups of patients with hypertension using Stop Bang Questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness Scale (ESS). This was a cross sectional study carried out in OPD and IPD in Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lata Mangeshkar hospital, Hingna after obtaining approval from institutional ethics committee. Total 100 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included after taking informed consent. The patients were screened according to ESS and Stop Bang Questionnaire. Out of 100, 53% of hypertensive patients were overweight / obese with mean BMI of 25.49 ± 5.43 kg/m2. According to Stop bang questionnaire, 56% and 34% of patients had high risk and intermediate risk of OSA respectively with mean score of 4.69 ± 1.68. According to ESS, 61% patients had low probability of OSA, 15% patient on borderline and 24% abnormal patients with mean score of 8.38 ± 4.688. BMI along with stop bang score showed high probability of OSA which was statistically significant. Screening with Stop bang questionnaire and ESS is helpful for diagnosing OSA in case of strong clinical suspicion with high BMI. This will avoid complications of undiagnosed OSA in patients with hypertension.

19-22

Authors: Maneesha S Deshpande,Sukhna Kaur Khurana*,Pushpa Dhote

Stroke is an acute onset of neurological dysfunction due to an abnormality in cerebral circulation with resultant signs and symptoms that corresponds to involvements of the focal areas of brain. Stroke results into decreased proprioceptive sense and muscle strength which leads to impaired balance. Hence in this study, two visual biofeedback exercises were selected to find out the effect on balance in stroke patients. 26 subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into control (n=13) and experimental (n=13) groups. Pre intervention step test was measured. The exercise regime protocol was same for both the groups except the control group underwent visual biofeedback exercises in parallel bars in front of the mirror and the Experimental group underwent computerised targeted visual biofeedback exercises for 5 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Step test was reassessed at the end of 4th week. Data analysis was done by using paired and unpaired t-test where p value was <0>

29-32

Authors: Shalabh Gupta*,Apoorv Goel,Yogesh Yadav,Prakhar Garg,Tripta S Bhagat

Haemorrhoid is a common anorectal disorder which usually requires surgical intervention. Conventional haemorrhoidectomy had been practiced for long time but in 1993 Longo introduced a newer minimally invasive procedure for haemorrhoids. In this study we have compared the post-operative results of MIPH with conventional open haemorrhoidectomy. To analyze and compare various Pre and post-operative factors such as duration of surgery, post-operative pain and analgesia, duration of hospital stay, post- operative complications, recurrence and early return to work in the patients suffering from Grade III and IV Haemorrhoids undergoing Open Miligan-Morgan’s haemorrhoidectomy and Minimal Invasive Procedure for Haemorrhoids(MIPH). In this prospective study a total of sixty patients underwent surgery for grade III and IV haemorrhoids at Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad from April 2017 to October 2018. Thirty patients in group A underwent Milligan Morgan technique of open haemorrhoidectomy and thirty patients in group Bunderwent Longo’s technique of MIPH (Minimal Invasive Procedure for Haemorrhoids). The average duration of surgery was significantly less in MIPH group as compared to open haemorrhoidectomy group. Only 6.6% of MIPH developed early post-operative complications whereas atleast 25% of open haemorrhoidectomy developed early complications such as pain, bleeding per rectum and wound infection. Early return to work was significantly better in MIPH group. MIPH is safe with a low recurrence rate and complications. It is a nobel technique and has emerged as an alternative to open haemorrhoidectomy. Only limitation is the cost of the MIPH stapler device.