Business Inform

15-20

Authors: Tymoshchuk O. O.

The article examines the functioning of the tourism sector in Spain, which is a competitive, highly profitable national business whose efficiency directly depends on the information database and digital technologies. It is substantiated that the accelerated digital transformation of tourism in Spain will help to stimulate economic growth, increase labor productivity and increase employment of the population. The seven most important forms of digital technological solutions used in the Spanish tourism industry are allocated: 1) mobile technologies today perform a whole range of services in the digitization of the tourism sector; 2) augmented reality (AR) has also entered the world of travel in Spain owing to the opportunities it can offer to those who wish to travel virtually; 3) the Internet of Things (IoT) promises to bring significant updates to the tourism industry and will become a major transformational factor in personalizing the customer experience over the next few years; 4) virtual assistants Siri and Alexa are being used by hotels to provide digital comfort for tourists; 5) the multiplier effect of the use of Big Data technologies in the Spanish tourism industry allows to build effective interaction between the government and business communities, improve and personalize travel services; 6) travel companies that rely on Blockchain functions to develop their loyalty and reward programs, certainly create a competitive advantage over other entities in the tourism market; 7) travel technology is becoming even more powerful thanks to the 5G networks. It is justified that in the future, the digitalization of tourism will be accompanied by a further process of squeezing the traditional companies with offline offices out of the tourism market along with the development of tour design according to the parameters individually set by each specific client.

27-33

Authors: Liu Lin

China’s mega-project «One Belt, One Road» is a continuation of the government project known as the «New Silk Road», aimed at creating a transport corridor between China and European countries. Within the terms of this project, the countries of Central Asia, to which the Republic of Uzbekistan belongs, were assigned the role of territories through which several complementary branches of transit of Chinese goods to Europe and South Asia pass. The article’s purpose is to study the status and possibilities of interstate cooperation between the PRC and Uzbekistan in the industry of agriculture along with implementation of related infrastructure projects. Cooperation between the two countries is directed not only towards the development of transport and infrastructure facilities, but also of some industries, attractive for export-import activities of both countries, particularly, agriculture. The common features of socio-historical development and the absence of ideological antagonism between governments contribute to their harmonious economic cooperation. The reforms carried out in China’s industry and agriculture had both positive and negative consequences. As industrialization continues to spread rapidly in the country, huge agricultural areas are turning into industrial zones. As a result, there is a problem of insufficiency of territories suitable for agriculture. The Republic of Uzbekistan is the sixth largest producer and second largest exporter of cotton in the world. In recent years, the acreage in the country has decreased significantly. The main reason is the lack of water. Cooperation between the two countries is aimed at overcoming these problems. Attracting China’s investments exclusively into agriculture of Uzbekistan, without the implementation of related infrastructure projects, will not give a significant economic effect. Among the intentions of joint cooperation between China and Uzbekistan is also the construction of solar power plants, renewable energy facilities, telecommunications networks and infrastructure projects

41-46

Authors: Dymchenko O. V., Smachylo V. V., Rudachenko O. O., Khailo Y. M.

The publication examines the problems of housing and communal services, which consist in the unprofitable operation of housing and communal services enterprises, significant amounts of receivables and payables, outdated equipment and lack of finance for their modernization, etc. Potential participants and directions of socioeconomic development in the form of a «Regional Cluster of Urban Life Support Enterprises» are formed. The authors propose to integrate urban life support enterprises into a corporation of utilities of water supply, sewerage and heat supply, which will consist of combining: the enterprises from other sectors; the areas of intellectual development, the enterprises for diversification of services; the regional water refinement complexes; the grouped water supply enterprises; and a municipal information and analytical enterprise. It is noted that in the developed countries of the European Union there is a significant number (more than 2 thousand) of quite similar clusters, and up to 100 countries have programs for creating clusters today. Strategic ways for further work on the formation of such cluster formations for urban life support enterprises of Ukrainian cities have been elaborated. These include: 1. Identification of strategic directions of reform and development. 2. Innovative development of management processes. 3. Innovative development of management technology. 4. Innovative development of the enterprise management system. 5. Development of methods of information and analytical support of enterprise management. 6. Proposal of innovative methods and measures for diversification and integration of activities. 7. Proposal of restructuring models. 8. Proposal of models of the public-private reform. 9. Proposal of models of socioeconomic and intellectual clusters as a strategy for innovative development of both the enterprise and the region. 10. Proposal of individual innovative projects (measures) in the sphere of production and commerce to improve financial and economic sustainability and production-economic reliability.

53-62

Authors: Hehedosh K. V.

Scientific research on the prospects for the development of education and science in Ukraine in the context of European integration and information transformation is considered at almost every scientific conference and is present in government decisions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. However, there are still many unsolved questions (and often debatable) about the prospects for recognizing economics specialties in the new system of adaptation to the International Standard for the Classification of Education, which requires detailed revision. Simultaneously, given the positive trends in the development of the digital economy in Ukraine, we believe that it is worth exploring the possibility of developing a methodological approach to the digital assessment of a scientist. The article considers the analysis of economics specialties that were enshrined in the system of higher education in Ukraine before 2015 and further on, taking into account adaptation to international standards. However, blind copying of foreign standards has buried alive the economic science itself, which was based on marketing, accounting and auditing, and finance. Therefore, the publication presents a graphical model of the relationship between economics specialties through the analysis of the fundamental understanding of its individual directions. It is also emphasized that it is necessary to enshrine in the economic science the specialty «Management (by kinds of economic activity)» at the master’s and doctoral levels of higher education. This can be justified by the fact that not all specialists in a particular sector of the economy (educators, employees of health care institutions, etc.), although they are professionals in their field, due to the lack of knowledge in various disciplines of management and economics, can be efficient managers. Management is one of the directions of economic science, the subject of study of which is the search for methods of rational organization of the production system on the basis of marketing, financial and accounting support for the creation and realization of consumer value and obtaining the planned profit. The number of higher education institutions in each region allows creating new and improving traditional educational programs directly for the specific features of regional business. Thus, further research should be aimed at studying individual educational programs of economic specialties in the regions of Ukraine in order to form a national strategy for the development of higher education for subsequent years. Regarding the development of scientific research in the context of the formation of a digital society, we propose to create a web platform for assessing the scientific activities of scientists based on the results of conferences, seminars or forums on the basis of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MES) in cooperation with other educational and scientific organizations. The algorithm of actions should be as follows: an educational and scientific organization coordinates with the MES the relevant scheduled conference; a scientific platform is created on the website of the MES, where interested conference participants register personal pages and which are open to other registered participants; the latter send materials to the educational and scientific organization holding the conference; the educational and scientific organization forms a scientific manual in electronic format, each article of which is displayed simultaneously on the personal page of the conference participant; in the future, each registered participant may, if desired, express his own scientifically based comment and rate for this material (0–100 points). Therefore, further scientific research should be aimed at determining the classification criteria in establishing points for scientific material in accordance with the assessment «Excellent, can be implemented (90–100 points)» to «Unsatisfactory, requires significant revision (up to 50 points)».

73-79

Authors: Ryabev A. A., Pysareva I. V., Kravtsova S. V.

The unrestrained development of cycling tourism requires an appropriate response from the State both at the legislative level and in the form of appropriate actions, namely: the construction of cycling infrastructure, the creation of which will positively affect the development of both transport and tourist infrastructure. This is explained by the conclusion that such concepts as «transport infrastructure», «cycling infrastructure» and «tourist infrastructure» are quite strongly interrelated and sensitive to each other in case of quantitative and qualitative changes in any of these infrastructures. In fact, the development of cycling infrastructure throughout the country will create conditions for the further development of domestic and inbound cycling tourism. The creation of cycling infrastructure in Ukraine (as part of the transport infrastructure) will lead to an increase in traffic safety and transport accessibility for cycling tourists of a significant number of the touristic, natural, historical and cultural resources. And this, in turn, will require the tourist infrastructure entities to continue its development in terms of providing appropriate specialized services to cycling tourists and meeting the standard needs of a growing number of tourists (for example, in the form of accommodation, catering, information, advertising, etc.). In addition to the direct development of the transport, cycling, and tourist infrastructures, related spheres of economic activity will be developed, ensuring their creation, existence and uninterrupted functioning. It is also important that the development of cycling infrastructure and the development of cycling tourism will lead to an increase in the number of jobs, profitability of transport, tourism and other spheres of economic activity and the State in general. And the most important in the case of creating a cycling infrastructure is the ability to meet the existing demand from potential and existing consumers of such services

91-97

Authors: Perehudova T. V.

The purpose of the article was to study the social protection of the able-bodied population in the context of the systematization of filters when determining the target group of beneficiaries with an outline of the ways of further reforming social protection with the optimization of the filtering process. In the process of researching legal acts that regulate social protection, we discovered the following filters, which are used to screen out applicants and form an address group of aid recipients: insurance case; conditionality of social assistance; financial capacity of a person or a family; a person's participation in the mandatory State social insurance; participation in active employment programs; tying the amount of assistance to social standards and/or the presence of previous uniform contributions to the mandatory State social insurance, taking into account insurance experience and the amount of wages. As a result of the study, debatable aspects were revealed in the formation of the population filtering process from the standpoint of defining the target group of persons. In order to institutionalize the system of social protection of the able-bodied population, the following proposals have been formulated: the assessment of a person's financial capacity should be based on fair social standards; the system of social protection for able-bodied persons should be built by encouraging them to make social contributions, to be a member of the mandatory State social insurance; mandatory participation of able-bodied persons in employment programs to support their competitiveness on the labor market, formation of motivation for social participation in social-labor relations in order to help a person get out of the status of a beneficiary; simplification of procedures and restrictions that hinder the receipt of assistance; in some types of aid, its conditionality should be strengthened to improve the quality of human capital formation; strengthening supervision and application of relevant norms regarding informal employment, in particular through better coordination of actions of relevant government structures; conducting social awareness campaigns regarding the negative consequences of informal employment for social protection.

105-111

Authors: Shumilo O. S., Kurochka A. S.

Stable and efficient functioning of the enterprise and its development in the current transformational economic conditions is provided by liquidity and solvency, which require constant analyzing in the indicated economic conditions. The article analyzes the definitions of scholars regarding the essence of the concepts of «liquidity» and «solvency» of enterprise. It is determined that in the scientific literature there are no uniform universal definitions of these categories. It is also noted that these concepts are different in meaning, but interrelated. The following types of solvency are considered: current (short-term), which characterizes the current state of settlements at the enterprise on the basis of financial flows and provides coverage of current liabilities of the enterprise; prospective solvency, which analyzes the ability of the enterprise in the medium and long term to pay its obligations on time. It is specified that the essence of liquidity is disclosed in accordance with its functions, among which are the following: mobility, stability, attractiveness, control, and regulatory. It is also noted that in the scientific literature there is no general methodology for assessing liquidity and solvency. The article allocates the most popular methodical approaches to evaluating and studying these concepts in order to highlight problems and advantages in practical application. Taking into account the theoretical aspects of the assessment process, the following elements are allocated: object, subject, purpose of assessment, evaluation criteria, information base, methods, and assessment result. Among the methods for assessing the liquidity and solvency of an enterprise, the most commonly used are: coefficient method, which is based on the calculation of relative liquidity indicators; method with the inclusion in the analysis process, along with relative indicators, of the absolute indicator of current assets or an indicator of the amount of capital of the enterprise; solvency assessment method in accordance with the compiled payment calendar, which shows cash inflows in accordance with the sources of their formation, as well as reflects term liabilities for a certain time; method of analyzing balance liquidity, which consists in comparing assets that are grouped by degree of their liquidity and placed in descending order of liquidity, with liabilities on the credit side, which are grouped by maturity and placed in ascending order of these terms; method of analyzing the solvency and liquidity of the enterprise, including together external and internal analysis.

117-123

Authors: Porsiurova I. Р.

The article is aimed at identifying the existing accounting problems of a trading enterprise and providing recommendations for improving the organization of accounting for fixed assets of an economic entity. It is defined that the flow of incoming documents at an enterprise is an organized, coordinated process of moving documents from one responsible person to another according to the document turnover schedule developed and approved by the enterprise. The author studies the stages of organization of document turnover at an enterprise, compliance with which prevents loss of information on business transactions. Based on the analysis of the existing problems and errors in the accounting of the enterprise «Desega Holding Ukraine» LLC, it is proposed to conduct regular internal or audit checks on the accounting of fixed assets, the tasks of which are to analyze and control the operations of accounting for fixed assets. It is determined that in order to improve the technical condition of fixed assets, it is recommended that a trade enterprise carry out reconstruction and modernization of existing fixed assets. It is found that an important measure that facilitates the implementation of operations, in particular the movement of fixed assets, is internal control and analysis, for which the company has introduced the position of internal auditor, whose functions include control and analysis: the correctness of the attribution of tangible assets to fixed assets, their valuation, the correctness of computations of depreciation, timeliness and correctness of documentation, and reflection in the accounting registers of receipt and disposal of fixed assets, etc. To improve the accounting of fixed assets, it is proposed to create new analytical subaccounts on the basis of account 131 «Depreciation of fixed assets» - to allocate the accrued depreciation in accordance with the groups of fixed assets used at the enterprise. The stages of computerization of the accounting process are studied. On the basis of the carried out analysis of the IT market of computer technologies and systems, alternative domestic and foreign software products (services) that effectively provide accounting and electronic document management instead of the software product used by the trading enterprise are identified. When choosing a software product, «Desega Holding Ukraine» LLC should pay attention to the availability of technical settings for processing significant information data arrays for the industry capabilities of the enterprise. The author has developed a model of electronic document turnover for organization of fixed assets accounting in the management subsystem of a trade enterprise, which demonstrates the modules of an alternative software product, including the organization of electronic document turnover for the performed operations on fixed assets accounting. The proposals and recommendations provided will contribute to the effective organization of fixed assets accounting and managerial decisions that will lead to a more positive financial result of the trade enterprise.

130-136

Authors: Izmailov Y. O., Yegorova I. G., Moroziuk O. O.

The purpose of the article is to systematize and substantiate the national and foreign peculiarities of accounting and taxation of the renewal and repair of non-current assets. It is proved that by investing in the renewal of non-current assets, the efficiency of economic activity of an enterprise is achieved, and compared to the acquisition or creation of new items of non-current assets, renewal and repairs require significantly less cost and are capable of increasing the productivity of economic activity of enterprises in a relatively short time and at relatively low cost. The authors propose to interpret renewal as a set of measures aimed at maintaining the items of non-current assets in working condition with elements of improvement of the initially expected economic benefits, as well as at increasing future economic benefits initially expected from the use of such assets. Such an interpretation of renewal will allow to include repairs and maintenance with elements of modification or modernization of individual parts of the item, which meets the needs of modern production and increases the objectivity of assessing the value of non-current assets that have undergone appropriate improvement. The authors substantiate both the national and foreign peculiarities of accounting and taxation of the renewal and repairs of non-current assets. The main problems of accounting and taxation of the renewal and ongoing repairs of non-current assets are identified, among which the main ones are as follows: arbitrary interpretation of the term «renewal» and diverse and inconsistent classification of types of renewal of the non-current assets in accounting and taxation practice in the absence of a clear disclosure of this concept in the national or international regulations; outdated primary documents; lack of specially designated accounts for accounting for the costs of repairing non-current assets and insufficient analytical orientation of subaccounts to the account 15 «Capital investments» to reflect the improvement of non-current assets – owing to the lack of a systematic classification of such costs; unregulatedness in legal acts of the process of determining cases when the implementation of a particular type of repair or renewal leads, or does not lead to an increase in future economic benefits originally expected from the use of the item, which complicates the procedure for accounting and defining the amount of possible changes in the valuation of non-current assets. A list of the main directions of development of digital socioeconomic relations in the context of global cooperation is proposed. To improve the system of accounting and taxation of the renewal and repair of non-current assets, it is proposed the following: reworking of regulatory legal acts in terms of disclosure of the concept of of «renewal» and providing a single reasonable classification of its types, which will contribute to an adequate presentation of information on the costs of the renewal of non-current assets and more fully meet the information needs of the analysis; definition of basic accounts and guidelines for accounting for these costs, especially taking into account the types of renewal, which will avoid possible erroneous accounting records and facilitate the formation of an analysis information base. The considered problems of accounting and taxation of the renewal and repair of non-current assets and proposed recommendations for their solution create the basis for continuing research in the direction of improving the methodology and organization of accounting and taxation of economic activity of enterprises in conditions of limited financial and material resources.

142-149

Authors: Yudina S. V., Lysa O. V., Gurzhiy T. O.

The article is aimed at further development of theoretical and methodological approaches to risk reinsurance in order to provide financial sustainability of an insurance company. An approach to risk analysis in insurance and reinsurance is proposed. The introduction of the concepts of complete and partial uncertainty and their relationship with the concept of risk made it possible to closer define the concept of risk and formulate it in the form of a financial and economic category. The term «risk» is proposed to be understood as a subjective estimation of an objective uncertainty, which describes the multiplicity of changes in the equilibrium stability of a socioeconomic system and is expressed in the form of a function of a random event. A somewhat closer defined concept of insurance risk is also proposed, which means a significant risk in its consequences for citizens and business entities, which can be assessed from the standpoint of the probability of occurrence of an insured event, quantitative amounts of possible damage and has signs of frequency and limitation in space and time. It is noted that clarification of the criteria of insurance risk in the general classification system of risks of an insurance organization allows assessing the need for reinsurance depending on the types of risk distribution. Analysis of features and dynamics of insurance risk, computation of insurance tariffs allows to substantiating the need for reinsurance for each type of insurance risk. It is proposed, to develop a model for analyzing the insurer’s reinsurance activity on the basis of the theory of decision-making under conditions of complete and partial uncertainty, to use the criteria of game theory: Wald criterion, Swidge criterion, Hurwitz criterion. To analyze the real financial sustainability, it is proposed to introduce adjustments to the existing methodological approaches, adding the objects transferred to reinsurance and the risk ratios present in the insurer’s activities; it is further proposed to take into account the impact of forms and types of reinsurance contracts on the financial sustainability of the company. The proposed theoretical and methodological provisions and conclusions can be used when accepting risks on the responsibility of the insurer and their subsequent redistribution.

155-160

Authors: Lozova O. V., Tymoshenko I. S.

The article analyzes the essence and content of proactivity and proactive conduct of enterprise. In conditions of limited solvent demand, fierce competition and constant increase in the production volume of various goods and services, the company’s management must use qualitatively new approaches to management to ensure stable functioning and efficient development of the company. One such approach is proactive management. The use of the conception of proactive management as real time by managers of organizations is the key to the survival of their enterprise today, when «business at the speed of thought» has ceased to be the privilege of individual companies. The achievements of foreign and domestic scientists in the sphere of proactive conduct of enterprise are outlined and the main directions for further research are defined. It is determined that an important factor influencing the employee’s proactive conduct is the own factor, which includes three aspects: individual trait, individual motivation, knowledge and abilities. International companies with proactive conduct are examined and it is identified how this conduct manifests itself today. Domestic enterprises that promote themselves as companies with proactive conduct are selected and their main development strategies are emphasized. Proactive conduct is closely related to the individual characteristics of a person. Existing studies has found that individual characteristics mainly include proactive personality, sense of responsibility, neuroticism, purposefulness, and other factors that influence proactive conduct. The main advantages and disadvantages of proactive conduct of enterprise are determined. It is studied what actions of management will be able to show proactivity in employees and help to form a single competitive team.

167-172

Authors: Boniar S. M., Kharcuk O. G.

The article is aimed at disclosing the features and types of managerial decision-making, depending on the tasks assigned to office managers. It is defined that the office manager is the main element of interaction between the management and the entire office team as a whole, which belongs to the tactical level of management. As a result of the study, various functional responsibilities of a professional administrator are disclosed, where the main ones include operational management and ensuring the activities of managerial personnel of an organization. It is substantiated that the main functions of an office manager, on which about 70% of the successful work of the office depends, are the managerial, administrative, economic and control functions. It is determined that the office manager constantly makes managerial decisions, which is an intervention in the problem, or in the situation, in order to solve them, and also develops forecasts for the successful development of the organization in the future. The stages of managerial decision-making are considered, namely: identification of problems in management, development of stages of decision planning and implementation of the decision. The concept of intuitive decision, which is made on the basis of a person’s feeling that his/her choice is correct, has been defined. Prospects for further research in this direction are to identify problems in management that can be identified during the «informal exchange of information and intuitively». It is noted that the important tasks at the office are documentary support of management, since for decision-making it is necessary to perform a large amount of office work of the same type. Further consideration of the classification of managerial tasks in the office according to the degree of intelligence, complexity and classification of employees of the organization in accordance with the tasks performed will make it possible to quickly respond to changes in the reaction of the enterprise in a particular situation and develop plans and tasks for making an effective managerial decision for the future strategic development of the enterprise.

183-188

Authors: Rybchuk A. V., Protsyshyn O. R., Zinkevych V. I.

The article analyzes a set of approaches to organizing effective management of competitiveness of various types of products of enterprises, which are widely used in the practice of analysis of economic activity and strategic management. It is justified that management of competitiveness of products can be considered through the prism of basic approaches. First, comprehensive approach, which allows developing the necessary managerial decisions aimed at improving product efficiency, maintaining its quality and competitiveness. Second, reproduction-evolutionary approach, aimed at the constant reproduction of the production of goods with the lowest cost per unit of beneficial effect compared to the best analogue as result of evolutionary market transformations. Third, functional approach, which in practice is often used through a substantive approach to management, in which efforts are aimed at improving existing products, taking into account scientific and technological progress. Fourth, system approach, where management is considered the most effective, since it combines the activities of various functional divisions of the enterprise to create a competitive product. Fifth, innovative approach, according to which competitiveness management involves the introduction of scientific and technical advantages of new products at the enterprise. Sixth, the approach of affiliate marketing, marketing dialogue, which will attract consumers to create competitive products. It is worth noting that the major ones for the formation of a system for managing the competitiveness of enterprise products in the conditions of competition development is marketing approach in combination with the system and process approaches.

197-202

Authors: Mao Rong, Kharchenko T. M.

With the continuous development of science and technology, information technology has promoted the development of knowledge economy, advanced science and technology has become an important development in the era of knowledge economy. In this era, knowledge workers are at the core competitiveness, and knowledge compound talents have become the pivotal resources. In order to enhance the enterprise market competitiveness, daily work efficiency and technological innovation and development, one is bound to try to improve and innovate in the enterprise human resource management. The main aim of the article was to substantiate and prove the importance of personnel development management for the competitiveness of enterprises using the example of human resources in China. To achieve the goal, the following main tasks were formulated: in the personnel management system, the place of the personnel development management system is determined and its structure is formed; in accordance with the obtained structure, a conceptual model for managing the development of personnel of enterprises is elaborated, adapting the classification of types of training of personnel in working conditions, forming a system of professional development of personnel at the enterprise, clarifying the meaning of the concept of «personnel development management». The methodological basis of the study was the basis of dialectical logic, attributive and system approaches to the study of the processes of managing the development of personnel of enterprises.