Business Inform

10-18

Authors: Goloborodko A. Y.

Digitalization acts as an integrator of Ukraine’s entry into the global economic and information space, opens up new innovative opportunities in the future. Studying the economic essence of digital economy is a particularly important strategic task for the formation of socioeconomic relations of interaction and the construction of an efficient economic system. The article conducts a comprehensive study of the essence of digital economy as an economic category and allocates eight main institutions for understanding the essence of digital economy. Namely, the conceptual vision of the digital economy is revealed as: an economy based on digital technologies (convergence of information and communication technologies, knowledge, resources); the result of the evolution and development of society, the consequence and catalyst of innovation in the economy; development of e-business and e-commerce infrastructure; a method of automation of digital data processing; the way of communication between participants in socioeconomic activities through networks and digital platforms; the network economy of flows and processes of organization of activities of enterprises and society; synthesis of real production and electronic platforms; a part of economic relations created by digital resources based on the production of electronic goods and services. On the basis of allocating the features of development of digital economy, the author’s own definition of the digital economy as an economic category is formed. It is defined that the digital economy is an activity aimed at strengthening the influence of innovative digital technologies on certain links in information, material, financial, intellectual and service flows on the basis of their integration into all processes of the enterprise’s activity and a transformation of its business model

27-33

Authors: Manoilenko O. V., Volosnikova N. M., Reshetnyak N. B.

The purpose of the article is to examine the features of a systematic approach to the total aggregate of methods for assessing the efficiency of resource management of an industrial enterprise, which methods can be divided into threshold and non-threshold, parametric and non-parametric ones. The peculiarity of a systematic approach to the corporate security system is studied and the main stages of this approach are identified. It is specified that a systematic approach is such one in the presence of which managerial decisions aimed at a competitive direction of strategic development of corporate security be considered in the form of an interconnected and interdependent integral complex. The objectives of the corporate security strategy of an industrial enterprise are substantiated, which should be subordinated to the general strategy of economic development, and the implementation of the management of the strategy for the formation of general corporate security, carried out through decision-making. It is concluded that the mechanism of management of the corporate security system must be represented as an integral organizational-economic system, which is also an integral part in the overall structure of the mechanism of an industrial enterprise. The main tasks and components of the model of the strategy of general corporate security are identified. In addition, it is noted that mechanism should be understood as a sequence of measures that are caused by an aggregate of interdependent elements of economic, logistics, personnel, legal, resource, transactional, information, technological security, forming the state and content of processes in accordance with a certain corporate security strategy.

40-52

Authors: Lohosha R. V., Palamarchuk V. D., Krychkovskyi V. Y.

The purpose of the article is to determine the economic and bioenergy efficiency of bioorganic fertilizer based on digestate, taking into account the cost of basic nutrient elements. The article presents calculations of economic indicators of the examined elements of the technology of growing corn for grain and vegetable crops in Ukraine, which indicate that the cultivation of these crops is economically beneficial in all versions. The study found that increasing the economic efficiency of corn production for grain and vegetable crops when applying different norms of fertilizer application is achieved due to the more significant positive impact of yield growth compared to additional costs associated with the use of these agritechnical means, while additional costs caused by the use of fertilizers pay off many times. It is proved that the use of mineral fertilizers and their combination with high norms of bioorganic fertilizer (digestate) for corn and vegetable crops contributes to an increase in yield, and the energy efficiency of this fertilizer is quite high, which indicates the energy saving concerning the studied technology of growing crops. It is advisable to apply such fertilizer norms at which it is possible to obtain the greatest energy output at optimal costs, ensuring compliance with the priority policy of energy saving in agricultural production. The theoretical and practical provisions on the ecological problem (utilization of livestock waste, in particular in the case of pig farms), the energy problem (biogas production in a biogas plant) and the agronomic problem (obtaining organic fertilizer) have been further developed, which ensures an increase in yield and improvement of the quality of agricultural and vegetable crops, that is, makes it possible to obtain high-quality crop and vegetable products during utilization of livestock waste. The proposed approach to the economic assessment of technologies for growing corn for grain and table root crops, depending on the fertilizer application system, makes it conceivable to increase the level of productivity of agricultural and vegetable crops, provided that bioorganic fertilizers are effectively used in modern conditions of a sharp increase in the cost of mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the energy efficiency of growing corn for grain and table root crops depending on the fertilizer system has been determined, which will increase crop yields in the absence of an increase in fertilizer costs.

60-66

Authors: Panchenko V. A.

The conceptual provisions of the importance of establishing management of economic sustainability of logistics enterprises are substantiated. The sequence of formation of a set of strategic priorities of the logistics enterprise to strengthen economic sustainability in a competitive environment is defined, providing for: conducting and generalizing the results of internal analysis of the state and dynamics of enterprise development, also the analysis of factors of the external competitive environment; formation of conceptual principles of the strategy for ensuring economic sustainability; development of strategic goals of the economic sustainability management system; development and implementation of tactical measures to strengthen economic sustainability. The characterizations of the main elements of the strategy for managing the economic sustainability of logistics enterprises are presented, i. e.: purpose; principles, goals, measures, subjects. It is determined that the main goal of managing the economic sustainability of logistics enterprises is to create conditions for safe functioning, with proper indicators of effectiveness and of the sustainable development ensured. Because its achieving depends on the ability to adhere to the principles of consistency, flexibility, continuity, complexity, balance, multivariateness, adaptation to changes in the external competitive environment. The main goals of managing the economic sustainability of logistics enterprises are associated with an increase in the provision of logistics services, ensuring an acceptable level of economic sustainability reserve, forming an insurance and reserve fund, implementing investments, and strengthening innovation. It is proposed to include in the measures of the economic sustainability management system of logistics enterprises the following: improving the quality and increasing the level of competitiveness of logistics services; continuous planning and monitoring of financial results; continuous planning and monitoring of economic sustainability indicators; planning, projecting, and gradual replacing of economic capacities; initiating the practice of cooperation with educational and research institutions

74-81

Authors: Kapliar K. V.

The purpose of the article is to theoretically and empirically examine the competition between central and commercial banks in connection with the emergence of digital money of central banks and the outflow of public funds from commercial banks. The evolution of theoretical foundations and assumptions regarding market competition is considered through the prism of emergence of private money. It is emphasized that the use of cash in many countries, including Ukraine, is declining. Under the influence of the development of financial and technological companies, there are more and more ways to make electronic payments without the use of payment cards and banking services. In many countries, the number of cryptocurrency users is growing, which further increases the level of competition between the private and public sectors. The main threats and risks to the development of the cryptocurrency market, the main advantages of cryptocurrency and the latest trends in the development of the cryptocurrency market, in particular in Ukraine, have been defined. It has been discovered that cryptocurrencies have become a means of payment in many countries, their number continues to grow. Ukraine has topped the ranking of countries with the largest share of the population owning cryptocurrencies which comprise 12.7%, entering the top 5 countries in the world in terms of the number of the users of crypto assets. The development of the cryptocurrency market has led to increased competition for private digital currencies, which has become one of the reasons for the issuance of the central bank’s digital currency (CBDC). The introduction of CBDC is mainly due to gradual trends in the digitalization of the economy, the emergence of decentralized cryptocurrencies, which have created competition to banking systems (in particular, bank settlements). However, the signs of decentralization and a high level of confidentiality, which are characteristic of cryptocurrencies and are the guarantee to demand for them, reduce the competitiveness of the CBDC and create certain risks for the global economy. A tendency has been identified for central banks to find ways to maintain a leading role in the payment system, ensuring public access to central bank money and at the same time developing innovations in the financial sector.

88-95

Authors: Chorna A. V., Shuba O. А.

The purpose of the article is to create a new approach to the classification of stock market indicators in economic theory. Three groups of indicators are proposed, including indicators of supply and demand, evolvement of stock market, and localization. The group of indicators of supply and demand is created on the basis of the market analysis standard in marketing research, including: capacity, capitalization, stock market turnover, stock indices, P/E index. Within the framework of this group, it is also proposed to use the indicator of IPO share in the capitalization of stock market, which demonstrates the degree of openness of the market and investors to new companies and is opposed to the characteristics of the conservatism of the stock market. Stock indices are considered separately and their classification is schematically created according to the calculation method, providing the stock indices, calculated using the method of arithmetic mean simple, geometric mean and arithmetic mean weighted. The belonging of the largest existing stock indices to a certain type in accordance with calculation is demonstrated. A practical explanation of the various approaches to the methodology for determining stock indices is presented. In the second group of development indicators, the following are highlighted: liquidity, profitability, volatility, and concentration of the stock market, by which it is possible to assess not only the quality characteristics, but also the level of evolvement of the stock market. The third group was created on the basis of localization, which interprets the characteristics of the stock market depending on its geographical affiliation. This group includes: the degree of development of equity capital, openness, transparency of the stock market, the level of risk of a separate country, the investment attractiveness index, the index of attractiveness of both venture and direct investments. It is identified that certain indicators determine the level of other indicators within this group. For each of the three groups of indicators, the essence of the indicator, the methodology for calculation and application were examined. There is also an explanation of the signs by which the indicators were assigned to a certain group of indicators in the proposed approach to their classification.

102-107

Authors: Hrabchuk I. L., Hrygorevska O. O.

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the consequences of money laundering and disclose their features under martial law. Taking into account the provisions of the Methodology for National Risk Assessment of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism in Ukraine, analyzing, systematizing and generalizing the works of scholars, the main consequences of money laundering are defined (deterioration of the stability of financial institutions and the financial system as a whole; deformation of consumption; artificial increase in prices; changes in exports, imports, exchange rates; impact on tax revenues and increasing the possibility of budget deficit; impact on economic growth rates of the country). Approaches to recognizing the positive effect of money laundering along with proposals that such operations can be carried out through developed countries were critically evaluated. Despite the examples of money laundering with the participation of large companies and financial institutions in Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland and the results of a study of the activities of Australian firms that received positive indicators as a result of money laundering obtained in the course of criminal activities or gambling, the inexpediency of legalizing money laundering through developed countries is substantiated. When solving the problem of money laundering, which has gone beyond the regions and has become global, the need to take into account the interests of different groups of countries and the fact that money laundering in developed countries does not eliminate sociopolitical consequences has been proved. As a result of the study, the peculiarities of the consequences of money laundering under martial law are revealed. It is shown that the introduction of martial law exacerbated a number of negative manifestations of money laundering, while the significance of a number of consequences is practically leveled due to the use of additional tools for the State-run regulation of the economy. Prospects for further research in this direction are the consideration of international practices in countering the money laundering and the financing of terrorism in crisis conditions.

114-120

Authors: Shkreben R. P., Kvashyna Y. A., Polozkov Y. Y.

The article presents the theoretical provision of the management of financial-economic security of business processes of enterprise from the standpoint of the conception of security-oriented development, resource-based and process approaches. The resource-based approach is considered traditional in world practice, where the financial-economic security of enterprise is considered as a state of efficient use of the resources of a business entity to prevent threats and destabilizing factors. The results of these studies create a methodological basis for building a system for managing the financial-economic security of enterprise, which forms a managerial response to certain risks and threats due to specific functions and analysis, accounting, diagnostics. A comprehensive study of the state of economic security of an enterprise is impossible without taking into account the provisions and principles of the process approach – distinguishing the characteristics of the financial-economic security of business processes, localized assessment of their levels and the impact on current financial-economic results, the implementation of strategic goals. The financial-economic security of business processes is ensured by the formation of such properties of business processes as: financial-economic stability; organizational adaptability; functional efficiency; innovative activity; managerial competence. The solution of these problems is impossible without the use of a strategic instrumentarium for managing the financial-economic security of business processes of enterprise development. According to the results of the analysis of studies of the characteristics of types of business processes, the criteria for the financial-economic security of business processes of enterprise are defined.