Business Inform

4-12

Authors: Kyzym M. O., Hubarieva I. O., Khaustova V. Y., Manoilenko O. V.

The article is aimed at defining contextual and temporal patterns in the development of presentation in the scientific literature of research in the field of ensuring the country’s defense capability using bibliometric and trend analysis. A certain divergence of the trends of scientists’ and users’ interest in ensuring the country’s defense capability is observed. The formalization of the contextual features of the concept of «defense capability of the country», distinguished by the results of bibliometric analysis, allowed to determine that the analysis of the impact of the national and collective security system on the country’s defense capability, also countering cyber threats, and choosing a strategy for combating military conflicts and terrorism is becoming increasingly popular. Seven clusters of scientific research dedicated to the issues of ensuring the country’s defense capability are identified. The first one is focused on the formation of a national defense system; the second – on military medicine and emergency medicine; the third – on the organization of the system of national and collective security; fourth – on the substantiation of the strategy for countering military aggression and terrorism; the fifth – on ensuring the cyber defense; sixth – on determining the peculiarities of ensuring the defense capability of individual world countries; the seventh – on identifying the relationship between the country’s defense capability and the introduction of innovative developments. The theoretical principles of identification of trends of scientific research on ensuring the country’s defense capability have become further elaborated, that, unlike existing ones, are based on the results of structuring the present research work (using the instrumentarium of VOSviewer v. 1.6.10 and GoogleTrends) on two criteria: the level of closeness of scientific research and the evolutionary-temporal dimension, which allowed to cluster the directions of interdisciplinary researches.

20-25

Authors: Su Rui

Nowadays, the global economic environment is full of uncertainties. Affected by the novel coronavirus epidemic, the economies of various countries are developing slowly or falling into recession. In this case, countries face different uncertainties. The article analyzes the economic development direction of China and Ukraine. Judging from the GDP per capita of both Ukraine and China in the past ten years, China has been growing steadily every year, while Ukraine has changed more. Therefore, the article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the 12 pillars of the Global Competitiveness Index for the two countries through the period of 2018–2019, an indicator that measures a country’s ability to grow in the medium and long term. It is found that Ukraine has problems in stability and macroeconomic stability, while China has problems in social cohesion and innovation ability, and puts forward corrective opinions to determine the direction of development. In addition, by analyzing the overall ranking of China and Ukraine in the Global Competitiveness Index from 2009 to 2019, it is found that the economic growth capacity of these countries has partially developed in the same direction in the past decade. However, due to the influence of political and macroeconomic factors, the focus of the development of these countries is to hope that the countries will correct the existing problems as soon as possible, formulate corresponding policy plans, and strengthen and ensure the implementation of the relevant policy. In addition, our countries will continue to strengthen the construction of global integration, reduce trade barriers, increase the liquidity of commodities, speed up the processes, promote the circulation of production factors, accelerate economic growth, and enhance competitiveness. The future can be expected

34-44

Authors: Syhyda L. O.

Reducing the number of failures in the implementation of innovations is the goal of most enterprises engaged in innovative activities. This should allow them to get higher performance and move to the level of innovative leaders. This can be facilitated by a well-organized and introduced at the enterprise model of commercialization of innovations, which would contain a minimum number of «bottlenecks». Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to establish the main advantages and gaps of existing models of innovation commercialization. In the course of the study five models of commercialization were examined. The essence and specificity of each of these models are described. A critical analysis of the models was also carried out. Grouping of advantages has demonstrated that the directions of strengthening commercialization models are as follows: 1) preliminary valuation of innovation ideas from different points of view, for example, the technical possibility of developing an innovation, its market and marketing values and commercial feasibility of its implementation; 2) presentation of the idea of innovation as a valued proposition with a consumer component; 3) taking into account the influence of external groups of factors on the process of commercialization, in particular economic, ecological and social; 4) prediction of various options for commercialization and further spread of innovations. It is determined that the common gaps of most models are: 1) insufficient attention to the opinions of consumers; 2) separateness from the participants of the commercialization process; 3) lack of intellectual property protection. In addition, the following «bottlenecks» are identified: the model is focused on the rapid introduction of innovation, otherwise it may lose relevance; a large number of stages, which can complicate and delay the process of commercialization; high dependence between participants, which can delay decision-making. Further research will be aimed at developing a new model for the commercialization of innovation. Certain advantages of models can be used in the construction of a model in order to strengthen the result. The identified gaps will reduce the number of weaknesses in the model.

50-57

Authors: Kovalenko Y. M., Yatsenko I. V.

The article is aimed at studying the current state and prospects for the development of the national market of investment financial services. The article describes the market of investment financial services along with subject classification. The activities of intermediaries in the market of investment financial services as of the end of 2008 – 01.04.2022 in Ukraine are analyzed. Diagnostics of the state of development of the market of investment financial services is carried out on the basis of indicators of the authors’ own development, in particular the indicators of market capacity, market indicators, indicators of economic significance of the activities of intermediaries, macroeconomic indicators. A periodization of stages of development of the national market of investment financial services is made. The impact of the global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2010, political instability in 2014, coronavirus crisis of 2020–2021, and the Russian invasion in 2022 on the functioning of intermediaries in the investment financial services market are specified. The activity of foreign investors in the purchase of assets in Ukraine, including the value and number of M&A transactions, is researched. It is prognosticated that the Russian aggression in 2022 may have catastrophic consequences for Ukraine in general and for the investment financial services market in particular, which has long recovered from the negative consequences of previous crisis periods and has not fully come to life from the global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2010. It is concluded that the modern market of investment financial services is not public enough and has significant shortcomings in the coverage of relevant information by regulators – the National Bank of Ukraine and the National Securities and Stock Market Commission. The relevance of creation of statistical databases from regulators of the market of investment financial services is substantiated. The advantages and disadvantages of investing assets of intermediaries in the market of investment financial services in government bonds is identified. Perspective directions of development of the national market of investment financial services are proposed.

65-74

Authors: Martynovych N. O.

The position of Ukraine on the world stage is determined by regional development, which increases the saturation and relevance of regional topic in scientific economic research. The acquisition of economic independence by the regions causes the need for reassessment of their position and place in the economic space. One of the instruments for improving the efficiency of regional development is the creation of priority development territories (PDT), which is based on special economic and legal regimes facilitating the intensification of investment activities, the creation of additional jobs, upgrading the standard of living of the population, the profitability of business entities, the completeness of local budgets, etc. The research is directed towards substantiating the theoretical and methodological principles and developing conceptual approaches to the efficiency of PDT development. The theoretical basis constituted the scientific works of domestic and foreign authors. In the process of research, the historical and logical method of general scientific cognition, system approach, analysis, induction, deduction were used. Generalization of different scientific points of view regarding the concepts of «result», «effect», «effectiveness», «efficiency» allowed to conclude that they have significant differences. It was observed that in modern science the issues of delimitation of these categories are debatable. In this regard, the subordination of the result, effect, effectiveness and efficiency is outlined. The author’s vision of the essence of socioeconomic efficiency of the territories of priority development is proposed, which means the state of social and economic conditions, as well as territorial disparities in development before and after the introduction of special economic and legal regimes. The author’s approach allows to expand the scientific vision of the essence and content of efficiency in contemporary realities. The conceptual provisions presented in the article form the basis for further systematization of the indicators of the result and content of effectiveness of improvement of priority development territories, which, in turn, be included in the basis of the methodology for assessing the efficiency of the development of PDT

83-89

Authors: Tretiak V. Р., Chen Yuxi

Creating new opportunities for Ukrainian business is one of the priority directions of activity in the short and medium terms. The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation of the bases of the mechanism for managing the business environment of territories. In the scientific literature, the concept of «business environment» is often replaced by related categories that are used as synonyms. The level of «business environment» in the structural hierarchy of the concept of «environment» on the principle of increasing the degree of coverage of economic relations is determined. The understanding of the concept of «territory» is outlined from the point of view of the decentralization reform, which continues in Ukraine. Decentralization of power can be territorial – the transfer of power from the central city to other territories, and can be functional – by transferring decision-making powers from the main body of any branch of government to lower-level officials. The formation of a mechanism for managing the business environment of territories is considered in relation to the hierarchy of territorial distribution: the territory of the State, the territory of the region, the territory of the amalgamated hromada. The analysis of the opinions of scientists regarding the definition of the essence of the category of «business environment» is carried out. It is defined that in scientific thought there is no clear identification of the content of this term and there is an urgent need to determine the structure-forming elements of the mechanism for managing the business environment of territories. It is determined that the formation of business conditions is influenced by a number of factors according to a certain territorial level. Factors of influence are the external business environment, entrepreneurial environment, macroeconomic environment of entrepreneurial activity, institutional environment of entrepreneurial activity. The carried out analysis of the theoretical foundations of the formation of the business environment of the territories made possible to highlight the main features of the business environment as a system and its features at different levels of the territorial hierarchy.

97-102

Authors: Opolinska V. V.

The rapid development of e-commerce affects the methodology of accounting, forming new tasks for modeling the behavior of business entities. In the presence on the net, having an own website, the efficiency of online advertising events increases, since any advertising may contain a link to the company’s website. To develop a website, the company bears certain costs, in particular: for services of creating a design, domain registration, promotion, website support, services for placing website data on the server, and others. The use of websites in the activities of e-commerce enterprises leads to the emergence of new objects to be reflected in accounting, thus it is necessary to determine the methods of evaluation, signs of classification and accounting methodology. At that, it should be noted that the legal and methodological documents regulating accounting do not fully reflect these changes and need to be supplemented. This article is concerned with substantiation of theoretical provisions and development of practical recommendations in terms of accounting for the costs of creating a website, its operation, promotion, and maintenance. Methodical approaches to accounting for the costs of creating a website are proposed, which should be improved taking into account such factors as: method of creation; stages of this process; identification of accounting procedures. The conducted research allowed to formulate criteria for recognizing the website as an intangible asset, which is important for improving the accounting policy of the enterprise. Thus, the presented methodology will help to form reliable accounting information that will avoid distortion of accounting data

110-119

Authors: Krasnova I. V., Lavreniuk V. V.

The purpose of the article is to study the economic essence and approaches to taxonomy and quantitative assessment of the bank’s operational risk, taking into account the evolution of standards defined by international institutions. The development of financial technologies, along with stochastic factors, require banks to adapt their own operations in response to new challenges or changes in existing threats affecting the operational sustainability of banking institutions. The statistics of the threatening impact of the frequency of events and cumulative losses from operational risk events are presented. It is noted that operational events can be quite diverse in nature, very unpredictable and threatening in general financial impact. This requires continuous improvement of the risk management system and timely validation of the bank’s operational risk assessment models. The article discloses the essence, sources, factors and operational events that are constantly evolving. Also the content of the model instrumentarium is disclosed. It is noted that the economic nature of operational risk has internal and external sources, several levels of their manifestation, covers all processes, products and systems of bank, including the human factor. The article generalizes taxonomy of operational risk according to various criteria. It is proved that it is the distribution of business lines that helps banks to more easily identify the types of operational risk events inherent in each individual bank, taking into account the peculiarities of their own business models. The multiplicity of operational risk events justifies the need for their adequate assessment and use of new methods for predicting and eliminating threats. The advantages of an actuarial approach are substantiated. Actuarial models can be used both at the level of «top – down» and the level of «bottom – up», have significant advantages in both methodological and practical aspects in calculating the amount of capital required to absorb risks from the implementation of risk events. The major shortcomings of the three main approaches proposed to the assessment of operational risk in Basel II (AMA, TSA, BIA) are highlighted. Updated by the Basel Committee, the standardized approach is a combination of best practices for assessing operational risk that can be applied in any bank, regardless of jurisdiction, size, and business model.

125-129

Authors: Ivanchenkova L. V., Stepanenko S. V., Yevtushevska O. O.

The article considers the importance of effective development of tax management in enterprises. Weaknesses of the tax system that affect the activities of Ukrainian enterprises have been identified: frequent changes in the tax legislation of Ukraine, its contradictions, ambiguity and subjectivity in the interpretation of tax norms by regulatory authorities, law enforcement bodies, force owners and managers to look for ways to reduce the tax burden in order to strengthen its competitiveness in the market. It is analyzed how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the work of enterprises, including in the field of financial management. The process of tax management of the business entity is defined, which includes: target subsystem, providing subsystem, functional subsystem, management subsystem. The principles of tax planning, which can be classified into general and special, are considered. Ways to increase the effectiveness of tax management in the enterprise are formed: taking responsibility for control over tax risks, regularly and systematically participate in risk monitoring activities; cultivating appropriate thinking about risk. It is concluded that financial management together with the company's tax management will manage risks, release additional funds, thereby allowing to stabilize the company, give it the opportunity to develop and gain competitive advantage, which in the long run will increase the company's competitiveness.