LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching

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Authors: Christine Permata Sari

This study aims to analyze the types of speech acts in the text and to analyze different perspectives on the meaning “very sorry” between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China. The object of the study is a letter of saying sorry from the U.S. Ambassador for China Joseph Prueher to the Foreign Minister of the PRC Tang Jiaxuan on the incident in Hainan Island which caused the death of the Chinese’s pilot and the custody of the aircraft crew and the surveillance aircraft relating the emergency landing without any prior permission. The researcher employed the speech acts theory proposed by Searle (1979) as cited by Wardhaugh (2006) to analyze speech acts types and to obtain the dominant type and the implication used in the text. The strategies of apology by Cohen and Olshtain (1986) as cited by Zhang (2001) were also employed. This study is descriptive qualitative research. The result showed the biggest percentages of the types were expressive and assertive. The researcher also found the different perspectives on the meaning of “very sorry” between the US and the PRC which led into misunderstanding influenced by the culture. This research benefits the English language learners to understand the meaning of locutions which they hear and to acknowledge the culture influences society perspectives in understanding the meaning especially for non-English speakers.

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Authors: Marselina Karina Purnomo

Simulation is a part of Experiential Learning which represents certain real-life events. In this study, simulation is used as a learning activity in Approaches, Methods, and Techniques (AMT) course which is one of the courses in English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) of Sanata Dharma University. Since simulation represents the real-life events, it encourages students to apply the approaches, methods, and techniques being studied based on the real-life classroom. Several experts state that students are able to involve their personal experiences through simulation which additionally is believed to create a meaningful learning in the class. This study aimed to discover ELESP students’ perceptions toward simulation as a part of Experiential Learning in AMT course. From the findings, it could be inferred that students agreed that simulation in class was important for students’ learning for it formed a meaningful learning in class.

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Authors: Monica Ella Harendita

Pre-service teachers undergo an important phase, called teaching practice, before plunging in the ‘real’ teaching. Thus, the experiences and what they do during the practice can be an interesting subject to study. In this light, this case study attempts to gain more understanding on the beliefs of some pre-service teachers with regard to learning and teaching, as well as to see the influence of their beliefs on their practices. The data were gathered from reflective journals and observations. The findings show that the participants held some beliefs in regard to teaching and learning. First, they believed that mutual respect should be maintained in classroom. Second, interrelated with the previous belief, for the participants, meaningful learning requires active participation. Third, the participants believed that learning should be motivating. Fourth, the participants held a belief that as a teacher they have flexible roles. Hopefully, the results of this study will be beneficial in informing teacher training education in order to prepare and assist their students better as future teachers.

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Authors: Patricia Angelina Lasut

Most of the staff of Bank Mandiri in Yogyakarta have some difficulties to communicate with the foreign customers, which hinder the process of the service. Therefore, this study attempted to develop English speaking materials for the staff of Bank Mandiri in Yogyakarta using the principles of task-based learning. The writer adapted Kemp’s instructional design model (1977) comprising eight flexible, interdependent steps. Those steps, subsequently, were put under the umbrella of Borg & Gall’s (1986) Research and Development (R&D) method. Due to time and resource limitations, only three out of ten steps of the R&D model were employed, which were: (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning and (3) Developing preliminary form of product. To acquire required information for developing the materials, the writer distributed needs analysis questionnaire to twenty staff of Bank Mandiri, Yogyakarta. The designed materials covered eight units. Each unit consisted of five sections, namely “Do You Remember?”, “Prepare Yourself!”, “Can You Do These?”, “Let’s Learn!”, and “It’s Time to Write”. It was expected that the materials could improve the speaking skill of the staff of Bank Mandiri Yogyakarta.