Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal

531-537

Authors: Aminova E.K., Kasyanova L.Z., Islamutdinova A.A., Asfandiyarova L.R.

ABSTRACT: Introduction. Current research on the performance properties of decorative concrete, when added to the concrete mixture of nano pigments are more recommendatory. In the academic literature, it is recommended to introduce pigment in the amount of about 5% of the total cement mass when creating improvement elements. The recommendations described above often demonstrate the potential for using nano pigments in terms of the influence of the amount of nano-additive applied on the uniformity of the coating texture. Characteristics such as intensity and retention time of the resulting color are also taken into account. In RF we do not have approved regulations on how to use pigments for concrete coloring. Pigments are obtained mainly from iron oxides due to their availability and low toxicity to the human body, and are promising nanomaterials in construction. Methods and materials. The study is aimed at the use of iron oxide pigment obtained from a spent iron oxide dehydrogenation catalyst as a coloring nanofiller and improving the strength characteristics of decorative concrete products. Spent iron oxide catalysts containing iron oxide particles are considered as a by-product of chemical production. The purpose of this study is to use a pigment (in the form of Fe2O3 and Fe3 O4) obtained from the composition of a spent iron oxide catalyst as an additional binder and coloring nanomaterial in the composition of decorative concrete products. The effect was evaluated by testing mechanical properties such as strength, color, water absorption, water and frost resistance. Results. The research results have shown that the use of nanopigment in the technology of concrete production improves the properties of cementing composites (cement) and allows you to change the color of products. Conclusion. This study consists in the application of an iron oxide nanopigment obtained from a spent catalyst for the dehydrogenation of olefins and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons in decorative concrete products with the provision of mechanical characteristics and chromaticity of products.

552-558

Authors: Bashirov M.G., Vildanov R.G., Khafizov A.M., Khismatullin A.S., Akchurin D.Sh.

ABSTRACT: Introduction. The industrial activities result in the release of a significant number of pollutants into the atmosphere, which have a negative impact on human health and the environment. The development of sustainable principles for construction sites development requires the elaboration of algorithms, assessment methodologies, and monitoring of the environmental situation at the construction site. Analysis of research works in the field of environmental monitoring of air pollution by hazardous substances has shown that the speed and reliability of the obtained information are crucial in polluted atmospheric conditions. In this article, we examine the application of an intelligent environmental monitoring system with Salavat city Republic of Bashkortostan as the example. The article presents an example of continuous eco-monitoring using three automatic air pollution monitoring stations for controlling the atmospheric air in residential areas. Methods and Materials. An intelligent eco-monitoring system is proposed, which is capable of assessing the state of the air basin of an industrial city, identifying sources of increased air pollution, processing information using an artificial neural network in real-time, generating control actions on sources of increased air pollution, and providing recommendations to businesses for optimizing their operations to prevent exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations of harmful substances. Results. The analysis of air quality in Salavat has led to the conclusion that it is necessary to install window filter-screens with nanofiber-based filtering elements in residential buildings. Discussion. The results of the air basin monitoring can be used in an integrated intelligent environmental monitoring system for assessing environmental conditions and can be made available to interested parties. Considering the results in Salavat, the project can be replicated for use in eco-monitoring systems of towns and cities in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. As a result of the project, the program utilizing artificial intelligence has been developed, which will contribute to reducing the level of air pollution in the future.

574-582

Authors: Abdykalykov A., Aidaraliev Zh.K., Abdykalyk kyzy Zh., Kuduev A.Zh., Rashid kyzy B.

ABSTRACT: Introduction. Literature analysis and patent search revealed that basalt rock and its fibers have exceptional physical and technical characteristics and alongside abundant raw material reserves. Based on this, the use of basalt rocks and their fibers as a material for the development of advance composite materials with high performance characteristics is a promising direction. Diverse technological fields and economic sectors, as well as various material requirements, necessitate a spectrum of systems, compositions, and properties for basalt and its melts, whether for generating superthin or continuous fibers. Methods and materials. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of some basalt rocks from deposits in the Kyrgyz Republic were studied to determine their suitability for production of superthin fibers and continuous fibers. The acidity modulus and fusibility modulus were determined by calculation based on the chemical composition of basalts of the Kyrgyz Republic. Among them, the quality of basalts from the Suluu-Terek deposit and basalts from the Toru-Aigyr deposit fully meets the requirements for the quality of raw materials for creating the production of basalt superthin fibers (BSF) and basalt continuous fibers (CBF). In the research we used physical and chemical analysis methods to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of basalt. By calculating the acidity and fusibility modulus of basalt raw materials from the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as comparing them with relevant standards, their suitability for the production of basalt superthin fiber (BSF) and basalt continuous fiber (CBF) was established. The object of the study was the basalts of the Sulu-Terek deposit. Results of the study include an analysis of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of certain basalt rocks from deposits in the Kyrgyz Republic in order to assess their suitability for the production of superthin and continuous fibers. The acidity modulus and fusibility modulus of basalts of the Kyrgyz Republic were determined by the calculation method. Among them, it was revealed that the quality of basalts from the Suluu-Terek deposit and basalts from the Toru-Aigyr deposit fully meets the requirements for the quality of raw materials for the production of basalt superthin fibers (BSF) and basalt continuous fibers (CBF). Conclusion. The suitability of basalt rocks from various deposits, especially Suluu-Terek, Taldy-Bulak and Kashka-Suu, was confirmed, with recommendations for use. The results also highlight the importance of compliance with standards when selecting deposits and setting production parameters.

592-601

Authors: Aidaraliev Z.K., Rysbaeva I.A., Bekbolot kyzy B., Chimchikova M.K., Rashid kyzy B.

ABSTRACT: Introduction. In the article we analysed the technology for producing silicon from rice husks. The analysis showed that the production of polycrystalline and amorphous silicon based on rice waste in the form of rice husk solves the simultaneous disposal of rice waste. Rice husk processing produces valuable organic products, and the residual solid waste mainly contains silicon, carbon and other trace metal elements. Therefore, obtaining silicon and silicon-containing materials from rice husk is relevant. Methods and materials. Various methods for obtaining silicon from rice husk are given. Among them, the methods of chlorination and sublimation were chosen, and experimental installations were assembled to conduct the experiment. The object of study was samples obtained from rice husks of Uzgen rice in the Kyrgyz Republic. Results. The composition and structure of rice husks for the production of crystalline silicon were studied. Lime milk was used to purify toxic chlorine-containing gases in the air of the working area and atmospheric air. The condensing system, designed to capture volatile chlorides, has two receivers. In the first receiver at a temperature of 60°C, condensation of iron, aluminum and magnesium chlorides occurs. It has been established that highly volatile silicon (IV) chloride (SiCl4) at a given temperature remains in the gaseous phase and is completely distilled off in the next receiver of the refrigerator. This indicates that the silicon is in the form of SiCl4 (60°C) and condenses only at a lower temperature in the next receiver. The data obtained indicate that when the temperature rises to 200°C, the process of chlorination of metal compounds initiates. The optimal conditions for maximum extraction of metals and silicon tetrachloride from rice husk were identified: temperature 500–550°C and time 120 minutes. Non-volatile chlorides of calcium, sodium, potassium and other elements form a floating mixture at 450°C. During the reaction, metal chlorides harden and settle on the cold walls of the reactor. Therefore, at this temperature there is not enough heat to maintain them in a gaseous state, and they condense to form solid precipitates. Lime milk containing CaO – 130 g/dm2 is a very effective and cheap means for purifying toxic chlorine-containing gases in the air of the working area and atmospheric air. At high temperatures (1050–1100°C), it is possible to activate chemical reactions between the carrier gas (hydrogen) and silicon chloride (SiCl4), which promotes the decomposition of SiCl4 into components, including silicon and hydrogen chloride, and also provides certain conditions for the formation and deposition silicon crystals. Conclusion. A technology for producing polycrystalline silicon by chlorination from rice husks of Uzgen rice of the Kyrgyz Republic has been studied and developed.