Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal

394-404

Authors: Mazitova A.K., Sukhareva I.A., Aminova A.F., Yagafarova G.G., Savicheva Y.N.

Despite the variety of existing methods of wastewater treatment, this problem can not be considered solved for the woodworking industry. Taking into account that the waste water of plywood-board plants includes phenols, formaldehyde and many other toxic substances, the development of a method for their treatment is an extremely important and actual task. In this regard, we studied the effectiveness of wastewater treatment of the Ufa plywood-board factory (UPBF) by ozonation in the presence of the available and most studied heterogeneous catalysts: Fe2O3, applied in the form of nanofilms of 0.5–1.0 mm particles γ-Al2O3; Al2O3, applied in the form of nanofilms 2.5–3.0 mm particles of TiO2; MnO2, applied in the form of nanofilms 2.5–3.0 mm particles of TiO2. Optimal cleaning conditions were determined by the kinetic curves of phenol decomposition. The results of the conducted experiments on catalytic ozonation of wastewater showed a high purification effect. COD decreased 1.7 (Al2O3, MnO2) and 3 times (Fe2O3) compared to non-catalyst ozonation. The obtained results allow us to confidently assert that in order to improve the efficiency of treatment of UPBF’s wastewater needs ozonation to be carried out in the presence of a heterogeneous nanocatalyst Fe2O3, which is used in a small amount, so there is no need to purify water from iron (III) ions as in homogeneous catalysis. The concentration of iron ion (III) did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration in drinking water (0.3 mg/dm3). The effect of treatment of COD is up to 96%. The paper presents physical and chemical parameters of the quality of the original wastewater and after ozonation in the presence of the catalyst Fe2O3. The studied method of purification makes it possible to reduce the content of phenol to the standard quality index (0.01 mg/dm3). Preliminary ozonation of wastewater increases the efficiency of further biological treatment.

437-446

Authors: Mazitova A.K., Vikhareva I.N., Aminova G.K., Timofeev A.A., Buylova E.A., Distanov R.Sh.

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is the most frequently used polymer for obtaining a wide range of materials for various purposes. The main advantages of the polymer – excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties, high resistance to various aggressive substances, namely: acids, alkalis, various lubricants; lack of taste, smell; low water absorption (0.4–0.6%). The possibility to obtain PVC-plasticates with different characteristics is provided by the introduction of various additives, the bulk of which are plasticizers. Plasticizers based on adipic acid esters give a number of valuable properties to PVC-based compositions. However, the use of plasticizers affects the resistance of compounds to the combustion, therefore, the substances which eliminate this disadvantage are added in the polymer composition. This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of the composition of mixed plasticizers (symmetric and asymmetric adipates of aliphatic alcohols and phosphate of oxypropylated phenol) on the flammability of PVC composition.

462-477

Authors: Baikov I.R., Smorodova O.V., Trofimov A.Yu., Kuznetcova E.V.

Research and synthesis of materials with fundamentally new properties play the key role in the development of modern science and technology. The most perspective materials are considered to be aerogels: nanostructured materials with many useful properties. The mesoporous structure of airgels determines their widespread use, both in industry and in science. Over the past few decades, nanostructured silica-based material has become an integral part of many industry segments: thermal and noise insulation, electronics, chemistry, medicine, environmental protection, industrial and fire safety, energy, aerospace industry, consumer goods and military technology. The article discusses an experimental study of the heat-shielding properties of a heat-insulating material based on silicon oxide airgel – Insuflex. This is a flexible rolled material used for thermal insulation of elements of technological installations, pipelines, valves and control valves. Using the method of ordinal statistics, the exponential dependence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the airgel on the average temperature of the sample is determined. The results obtained indicate the possibility of energy-efficient use of the material in heat supply and heat consumption systems.