Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal

22-35

Authors: Mazitova A.K., Maskova A.R., Nafikova R.F., Aminova G.K.

One of the most common polymers is polyvinylchloride (PVC), which is on the third place after polyethylene and polypropylene in the world in overall production. High demand for PVC is caused by the possibility of its modification and production of wide range of materials and articles with improved properties as well as by cost-advantageous price – performance ratio, availability of raw materials, saving natural resources. Along with many advantages PVC has a serious drawback: abnormally low stability. The observed thermal aging of PVC begins at 100оC, especially intensively the polymer decomposes during processing in the range of 160–180оC. Therefore, to obtain high-quality products based on PVC one needs effective stabilization of polymer, that provides high technology in the processing and long service life without deterioration of consumer properties.

53-66

Authors: Avrenyuk A.N., Timergaleeva D.R., Rusyaev E.V., Vilinchuk V.L., Abutalipova E.M.

The durability of building materials can be enhanced by affecting the structure with different types of radiation. In some research papers it is noted that magnetic and microwave radiation intensifies the processes of cement dissolution and hydration at earlier periods, that leads to the formation of fine crystalline structures, decrease in porosity, increase in density, strength, frost resistance and durability in general. The work studied the characteristics of structural changes in cement-sand mortars (CMR) from dry mixtures under the influence of microwave radiation (UHF EMP). The structure of the samples has been investigated with the scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive spectrometer, the composition of the samples has been determined by means of X-ray diffractometer.

98-115

Authors: Demchenko M.V., Sisanbaev A.V., Kuzeev I.R.

At industrial enterprises in building structures and equipment one can see corrosion damage, as well as damage accumulated during operation period. The areas of stress concentration are welded joints as their structure is heterogeneous. From the point of view of the scale hierarchy, the welded joint represents the welded and base metal zones at the meso-macrolevel, the weld zone, the thermal zone, the base metal at the micro-mesolevel, the grain constituents at the nano-microlevel. Borders are the stress concentrators at different scale levels, thus they becomes the most dangerous places of metal structure. Modeling by the molecular dynamics method at the atomic level has shown nanocracks initiation in triple junctions of grain boundaries and on the ledges of the grain boundaries.

134-148

Authors: Khamzin Yu. A., Davletshin A.R., Rakhimov M.N., Movsumzade E. M., Shadrina A.E.

The current status of raw material resource base of liquid hydrocarbon crude is characterized by increase in its cost and decrease in production output. At the same time reserves of natural gas and solid fossil fuels dramatically exceed oil volumes. Moreover significant quantity of so-called refinery gases are formed during crude petroleum refining at the oil refinery plants (ORP). The total yield of refinery gases at the oil refinery plants is on average 5–8% of the quantity of the refine oil, and at the petrochemical refinery plants this figure is notably higher. The most large-capacity process of gas conversion process for light hydrocarbons such as natural, oil-associated and refinery gases is catalytic refining based on the alkylation processes and oligomerization.