BAR - Brazilian Administration Review

20

Authors: Kety Jáuregui, Mariella Olivos

The percentage of women in Peru’s workforce overall has been growing at a steady rate, but there are still few women are seen in executive positions. This qualitative study describes the challenges in women’s professional career advancement in a country in which the cultural pattern of business is dominated by men and where specific roles have been assigned to women. In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 professionals, 11 women and 13 men. The interviews were analysed using qualitative data analysis software. The results show that family responsibilities were the main challenge for female executives’ career advancement. Moreover, family responsibilities were linked to other challenges, such as physical mobility, educational attainment, professional experience and informal networks. Family responsibilities can be considered a transcultural challenge to the career advancement of female executives. Finally, the study shows that a country’s culture is an important challenge to career advancement, as in the Peruvian context where women are still considered responsible for attending to the family and are assigned a fundamental role in raising the children.

23

Authors: Tatiana Iwai, João Vinícius de França Carvalho, Victor Marson Lalli

When providing explanations for a transgression, the offender may use verbal statements based on moral disengagement strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of a trust violation. That is, the offender may try to reframe unethical acts to appear less harmful, or displace responsibility for the wrongdoing, or distort the consequences of his or her actions in order to address the repair of a damage of a trust violation. Based on this, we examined the effects of these explanations based on different moral disengagement strategies on trust repair. The results of a scenario-based experiment show that both the moral justification and the displacement of responsibility strategies elicited higher trusting intentions compared to the distortion of consequences strategy. This effect was mediated by trusting beliefs toward the offender. These findings suggest that reframing the unethical conduct as targeting a greater good, as well as obscuring personal agency for the detrimental conduct, may be more effective to repair trust than misrepresenting the consequences of the immoral acts.

28

Authors: Sigit Wahyu Kartiko, Hilda Rossieta, Dwi Martani, Trisacti Wahyuni

This study aims to explore government accrual-based IPSAS implementation level measurements and to test the measures associated with central government fiscal transparency. Performing content analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on a sample covering 77 countries from 2008 to 2015, measurement indicates the relative importance and significance of financial performance statements and accrual accounting policies, such as non-exchanged and exchanged transactions as accrual level constructors. Conducting panel data regression, we find that accrual level scores meet the requirements of the external validity test, as indicated by their positive association with the International Budget Initiative’s (IBP) fiscal transparency index. The evidence suggests that central governments should strategically implement accrual-based IPSAS. Accrual practices (implicitly or explicitly) based on IPSAS strengthen fiscal transparency when it prioritises developing accrual accounting policies substantially rather than accrual commitment and the completeness of reports.

6

Authors: Fernanda Yumi Tsujiguchi

On October 6, 2017, Prof. Roy Suddaby kindly received the interviewer in his office at Peter B. Gustavson School of Business at the University of Victoria to talk about academic life, Institutional Theory and organizational research. At the University of Victoria, Prof. Suddaby serves as the Francis G. Winspear Chair and works with PhD students in the area of organizational analysis. He is a researcher internationally renowned for his outstanding contributions to the field and significant global scholarly impact. In 2014, 2015 and 2016, he was named by Thomson Reuters as one of the World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds (Business and Economics). He is editor of the Academy of Management Review and has served as editor or guest editor for several other journals. In addition, Prof. Suddaby is a strategic research advisor at the University of Newcastle Business School and an honorary professor at the Copenhagen Business School.

22

Authors: Gabriel de Deus Ferreira, Josivania Silva Farias

Key challenges of how citizens can be motivated to participate in citizen-sourcing initiatives remain unaddressed. In this paper, we identified the influence of eight motivation variables in the number of participations in Hackathons, a citizen-sourcing initiative, in Brazil. We adapt different models from Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior with recent studies of crowdsourcing and open software initiatives. To validate the survey, we conducted a confirmatory factorial analysis, using Structural Equation Modelling. Tests with 308 questionnaires confirm the reliability and validity of the survey as well as the model's overall quality. This research shows evidence that supports that recognition, learning, financial rewards and fun influence attitude towards participation in Hackathons. We present theoretical and managerial implications to scholars and public agents interested in engaging citizens in solving public problems.

32

Authors: Luana Zanetti Trindade Ferraz, Amaury José Rezende, João Paulo Resende de Lima, Emanuela Todeva

This research evaluates the perception of members regarding the value-creation actions offered by a cooperative and whether the characteristics of the member and cooperative affected this perception. A model to measure the perception of the value co-creation activities provided by the cooperative and member characteristics was created. The adopted methodology was a questionnaire and the Partial Least Square method. Value co-creation, professionalization of management, satisfaction and loyalty, and long-term time orientation of the member were measured based on the member's perception. The results demonstrate a significant association between satisfaction and loyalty and perception of value co-creation and a positive association between the long-term time horizon and the perception of value co-creation actions. In other words, perception of the benefits generated by the actions of the cooperative can be influenced by time orientation and level of satisfaction and loyalty. The main contribution is the creation of an instrument that measures the level of perception of value co-creation actions.

16

Authors: Darlin Aulia, Sylvia Veronica Siregar

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of financial reporting quality, debt maturity, and CEO career concerns on investment efficiency in Indonesia. This study used a sample of 680 observations from non-financial companies in Indonesia during the period from 2012 to 2015 using panel regression. The results show that financial reporting quality does not affect investment efficiency. This might be because the quality of financial reporting has no effect in the overinvestment scenario. Under this condition, financial reporting quality cannot mitigate the occurrence of overinvestment due to the high level of agency problems. However, financial reporting quality has a significantly positive effect under condition of underinvestment, which means that financial reporting quality can reduce the occurrence of underinvestment because it can be used to attract external funds so that companies can avoid underinvestment conditions. The debt maturity has a negative effect on investment efficiency. In particular, debt maturity has no effect on underinvestment, but it does have an effect on overinvestment, because by using short-term debt, the company has funds that can be used to make investments to enable overinvestment. CEO career concerns have no effect in underinvestment conditions because companies do not experience funding constraints, so the CEO career concerns do not mitigate underinvestment. Whereas in conditions of overinvestment, career concerns have a positive effect. Thus, CEO career concerns can reduce the occurrence of overinvestment.

18

Authors: Camila Cristina Rodrigues Salgado, Renan Felinto de Farias Aires

By means of a distinguished approach of credit granting, microcredit programs stand out as a socioeconomic alternative for social insertion and fighting against poverty. In this context, a factor that has gained prominence in literature is the female participation in these programs. Therefore, knowing that the literature indicates that there is a lower level of default among women, and considering that gender influence over the financing value has been disproportionate, the aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between gender and the amounts which were granted in microcredit operations. In order to achieve this, a multiple linear regression technique was used on a sample of 4,454 microcredit clients of a bank with branches located in Paraíba, Brazil. Primary data collection was carried out together with the branch managers by consulting their system. Data were randomly chosen, and refer to the period from January to December 2016. Results show that women obtain a higher credit value than men, which is the opposite of what was found in literature.

26

Authors: Fábio de Oliveira Paula, Jorge Ferreira da Silva

This research investigated the complementarity of internal and external R&D for innovation development and the effect of innovation on the financial performance of European manufacturing firms. Using multigroup structural equation modeling, this study partially supported that internal and external R&D are complementary in firms from high-technology industries, whereas they are not in firms from low-technology industries. For the two groups of firms, both internal and external R&D separately had a positive effect on innovation performance. These results suggested that if low-tech firms, which had lower absorptive capacity than high-tech firms, want to improve their innovation performance in the long term, they should start prioritizing internal R&D to improve their absorptive capacity while achieving a short-term satisfactory innovation outcome. As absorptive capacity rises, more complex strategies balancing internal and external R&D should be adopted. Contrary to expectations, the empirical analysis indicated that innovation performance did not influence short-term financial performance for the whole sample. However, in countries more affected by the 2008 crisis (for instance, Baltic countries, Portugal and Spain), this effect was detected, indicating that innovation helped firms to recover faster.

15

Authors: Ana Luiza Paraboni, Marcelo Brutti Righi, Kelmara Mendes Vieira, Vinícius Girardi da Silveira

This article estimates association coefficients between measures of market sentiment and risk in the U.S., German and Chinese markets. In terms of risk, four measures were considered: standard deviation, value at risk, expected shortfall and shortfall deviation risk. For market sentiment, data was collected using the Psych Signal technology, which is based on the behavior of investors on social networks. The results indicate significant statistical associations, with the direction of association having financial meaning. Moreover, the empirical findings are valid for all risk measurements. The results are in keeping with the Prospect Theory, since in moments when the sentiment indicates low liquidity (a negative value for the difference between Bullish and Bearish Intensities) investors try to reduce the negotiation volume, which has a positive impact on risk. On the other hand, under the inverted scenario, when sentiment indicates high liquidity, there is an increase in the negotiation volume and a consequent decrease in risk. This article is important because its observations of market sentiment as measured by social media data show a consistent relationship with measures of financial risk.

23

Authors: Leandro Rodrigo Canto Bonfim, Gabrielle Ribeiro Rodrigues Silva, Paulo Henrique Müller Prado, Gustavo Abib

This research investigates managerial risk perception regarding internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brazilian context. We examine how managers’ perception of risk influences firms’ degrees of internationalization. Likewise, we assessed how risk perception is influenced by managers’ cognitive traits, such as tolerance for ambiguity and cognitive style. We provided empirical evidence for the relationships we proposed through a partial least squares structural equation model with data gathered from a survey of 149 SMEs from the State of Paraná, Brazil. Our results suggest that managers’ tolerance for ambiguity is only significant for explaining risk perception for the managers with a preference for a deliberative style. Still, the research suggests that the Brazilian SMEs in our sample presented a higher degree of internationalization even when their managers perceived higher levels of risk.

25

Authors: Tânia Marques, Nuno Reis, Jorge F. S. Gomes

Political, religious, sports and business leaders across the world have been under scrutiny regarding allegedly unethical behaviors. The current study analyzes the use of responsible leadership in management research. Using a sample of 64 articles published in SSCI-indexed journals over 10 years (2006-2016), we carried out a bibliometric analysis to understand the intellectual structure of the responsible leadership literature. The results of authorship, citation and co-citation, and factor analyses reveal the most prolific authors and the most notable journals writing and publishing on responsible leadership. The most cited works are theoretical, using Western frameworks and cultures, and focus on the concept of responsible leadership; only a few empirical/case study articles appear. Also, the most prevalent links are between theoretical works and highlight the conceptualization, understanding, and roles and parameters of responsible leaders. Six distinct factors emerge, denoting the groups of studies devoted to the evolution of leadership, transformational leadership, stakeholder theory and leadership, conceptualization and understanding of the topic, and roles of responsible leaders. These various research topics show the central tenets of responsible leadership, as well as the existing gaps in the existent literature.