Acta Innovations

5-20

Authors: Henryk Grajek, Justyna Jonik, Leszek Rutkowski, Marcin Purchała, Tomasz Wawer

The oxidised and reduced graphene samples (having different surface functionalities) were studied by inverse gas chromatography to characterise their acceptor-donor properties. The DN values denoting the donor number in the Gutmann scale and the AN* values denoting the acceptor number in the Riddle-Fowkes scale have been chosen in the estimation of the electron-acceptor parameter KA and electron-donor parameter KD values.

28-37

Authors: Piotr Pacholski, Jerzy Sęk

The wastewater produced by the metal industry is often present in the form of oil-in-water (O/W) or water-inoil (W/O) emulsions. These fluids contain a certain amount of valuable oil that can be recovered in the recycling process. Therefore, the development of novel, efficient, and low cost processes for the treatment of metalworking fluid is necessary. Demulsification to separate oil/water mixtures is a very interesting option because it allows the recovery and reuse of the lubricant oil and effects in cleaner, easily treatable wastewater.Chemical destabilization is the most common way of demulsification of metalworking fluids. As an example, inorganic salts can be used as demulsifiers. In the presented work the efficiency of treatment of cutting emulsions with chemical demulsification with usage of aluminum sulfate (IV) is described. The emulsion was prepared with Emulgol-ES12 self-emulsyfing oil delivered by Orlen S.A. In the research the feasibility of the demulsifier was checked.The novel in this paper is determination of the optimal dosage of emulsifier using the TurbiscanLab® apparatus. It is relatively quick and precise method that can be applied in the industry.

45-52

Authors: Paulina Pędziwiatr, Filip Mikołajczyk, Dawid Zawadzki, Kinga Mikołajczyk, Agnieszka Bedka

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical used in oxidation reactions, treatment of various inorganic and organic pollutants, bleaching processes in pulp, paper and textile industries and for various disinfection applications. It is a monopropellant, which, when purified, is self-decomposing at high temperatures or when a catalyst is present. Decomposing to yield only oxygen and water(disproportionation), hydrogen peroxide is one of the cleanest, most versatile chemicals available. The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide allows the use of various catalysts that will increase the rate of decomposition. Comparison and description of the most commonly used catalysts were presented in this review.

62-74

Authors: Paulina Sawicka-Chudy, Maciej Sibiński, Marian Cholewa, Maciej Klein, Katarzyna Znajdek, Adam Cenian

The main goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between the orientation of the PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) collector and the thermal and electric power generated. Extensive research was performed to find optimal tilt angles for hybrid solar thermal collectors, which combine photovoltaic as well as thermal collection in a single unit, known as PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) modules for an office building with working hours between 7.00 and 16.00. The comprehensive study included field measurements of the modules in central Poland and tests under AM (air mass) 1.5 conditions in a certified laboratory KEZO (Centre for Energy Conversion and Renewable Resources) Polish Academy of Sciences in Jablonna. Furthermore, a PVT system was investigated using the simulation method based on the dedicated Polysun software. The PV characteristics and efficiency of the PV module and the relation between power or efficiency of the PVT module and incidence angle of solar-irradiance were studied. Optimal work conditions for commercial PVT modules were ascertained. In addition, it was found that the maximum efficiencies of PV module (ηPV), solar thermal-collector (ηc) and PVT hybrid collector (ηPVT) registered under field conditions were higher than the ones measured under laboratory conditions.

81-92

Authors: Monika Smaga, Grzegorz Wielgosiński, Aleksander Kochański, Katarzyna Korczak

The article describes the quality parameters of the selected elements of biomass as a potential ecological biofuel. Several selected elements of a type of biomass were tested to determine the calorific value, humidity, content of sulfur and amount of ash produced in burning process. The concept of biomass and the legal aspects of its combustion are described. The research of biomass samples revealed that they may be turned into a high-energy, ecologically solid biofuel. Production of biofuel from the tested biomass does not require any additional binders. Studies have shown that the tested material can also act as a component of composite pellets. The quality parameters of such pellets can be determined with the composite calculator that is described in this article. The article also describes the technical aspects of the pellet production line, which should be applied to produce good-quality pellets from the tested types of biomass.