Acta Innovations

16-24

Authors: Agnieszka Bedka, Kamil Brocki, Karina Michalska

Nowadays it can be seen that interest in renewable energy is growing up significantly. Among others we can observe huge development of fuel cells. These devices are used mostly for power production but it is not their only application. There are lots of different types of fuel cells. One of the lasts inventions are microbial fuel cells (MFC), which are based on use of microorganisms. There are lots of research focusing on constructions and application of MFC in different ways.

37-44

Authors: Marta Bątkiewicz-Pantuła

The article presents evaluation of the quality of electricity in the network cooperating with hydroelectric power plant. The assessment was based on the Decree of the Minister of Economy dated 4 May 2007 on detailed conditions for the operation of the power system and the norm PN-EN 50160: 2010 – Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems. The analysis was based on actual measurements made by power quality recorder Fluke 1760. The analysis particular emphasis has been to:  values of higher harmonics and voltage distortion factor (THDU)  Power factor cosφ.  Active power. Assessment of quality of electric energy will be discussed based on the analysis of the measurements

52-59

Authors: Marzena Smol, Joanna Kulczycka

The paper presents a methodology for evaluating the Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC) options for the management of by-products from biomass combustion - ash. Biomass ash BA was collected from Green Energy Block in Połaniec (Poland). Four variant of BA disposal were analysed: 1st - the storage of BA on conventional municipal waste landfills; 2nd, 3rd, 4th - use of BA for fertilisers production (2nd – 70% of BA, 3rd - 45% of BA, 4th - 90% of BA). Technical, environmental and economic consequences of the actions in the field of waste management technology were considered. BATNEEC evaluation indicated that the collected BA on dump (1st variant) is technical, environmental and economic inefficient, this solution has received lowest score - 29 points. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th variants have received 124, 113 and 30 points, respectively. This indicates that there are quantitative restrictions on substitution of nutrients in mineral fertilisers. Due to the possibility of secondary pollution during waste usage in agriculture, the use of BA in fertiliser products requires compliance with environmental rules - only the nutrient rich and rather heavy metal poor fractions of BA shall be used for fertilising and soil improvement purposes.