Biotechnologia Acta

Number 2, 2020

5-11
TRANSLATION MEDICINE, BIOMEDICINE AND MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE TRANSITION TO PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

Authors: Pereginya O. V., Lutsenko T. M.

Abstract

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Number of views: 226

Given that biomedical research in the field of molecular and cellular foundations of pathogenesis has been actively developing in the last two decades, there is a need for active collaboration between scientific and laboratory institutions to create new and improve existing methods of treatment to provide effective professional care for the patient. The transition to personalized therapy, which aims to create methods of treatment adapted to a specific group of patients or individual, became a big step in the field of translational medicine. An important issue is the introduction of translational medicine into modern clinical practice and its development ensuring on the basis of scientific centers and institutes. The purpose of the article was to analyze and summarize information regarding translational medicine and its implementation in treatment and scientific and practic activity to ensure more effective therapy for patients. The literature concerning the development of translational medicine, its application in clinical practice and methods of implementation in the scientific field was reviewed and analyzed. The information about personalized medicine was generalized. Translational medicine contributes to the practical application of scientific advances to the development and implementation of new methods of prevention, diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation. An important characteristic of translational medicine is its double-sided concept, which consists in the collaboration of laboratory and clinical institutions in order to regularly information exchange. The introduction of personalized medicine allows, based on the individual characteristics of the patient, to find an effective approach to treatment. Translational medicine is a promising area of treatment, the introduction of which in clinical practice would enable to create and improve effective methods of various diseases therapy. The widespread use of personalized medicine will increase the percentage of positive treatment outcomes due to the individual approach to each patient. For the active development and spread of this type of therapy, there is a need to create more institutes of translational medicine, to hold scientific conferences on this subject, and to introduce into the curricula of universities the disciplines for the study of the basics of translational medicine.

12-31
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS OF Arthropodae SPECIES: MECHANISMS OF ACTION ON BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES AND PERSPECTIVES OF BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION

Authors: Klyuchko O. M.

Abstract

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Number of views: 180

The work was aimed to summarize the results describing the mechanisms of interaction of some aromatic hydrocarbons, isolated from Arthropodae, with biological membranes. Neurophysiological properties of the substances obtained from spider venoms, derivatives of phenol and indole with polyamine substituents, were studied by the method of transmembrane electrical currents registration in voltage clamp mode. Their influence was revealed as a result of chemo sensitive ionic currents characteristics changes due to the action of these substances on the membranes of rat hippocampal neurons. All of the studied substances were antagonists of glutamate channel-receptor complexes. Their blocking activity characteristics were examined as follows: caused reversible and irreversible blocking effects, the effects dependence on membrane holding potential, difference of their action on activated and inactivated receptors, kinetics of blocking actions, type of antagonism. Antagonists amphiphilic properties and the role of aromatic groups and polyamine substituents during interaction with the membranes were analyzed. The results of such analysis were accepted as a basis for development of physical model of artificial memory device. Principles of its work were explained as well. The results regarding the influence mechanisms of the studied substances on biological membranes were summarized. Some characteristics and functioning peculiarities of the suggested elements of storage devices were discussed. The properties of the proposed substances-analogues meet a number of requirements for the elements of such nano-devices.

32-37
THE APPROACH FOR EXPRESS SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE REDUCED FORM OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NADH) CONTENT

Authors: Krysiuk I. P., Horak I. R., Shandrenko S. G.

Abstract

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Number of views: 213

It is known that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) serves as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in the cell metabolism, redox control, signaling, biodegradation and other processes. Thereby determination of NADH/NAD+ production is commonly used for the measurement of NADH/NAD+-dependent enzymes activities. However, NADH may be oxidized spontaneously to NAD+ form, so the aim of this study was to develop new approach for spectrometric determination of real NADH content in a sample. There had been used optical absorbance intensities at wavelengths 234, 260, 290, 340, and 400 nm in order to calculate the percent of NADH in a sample. An original formula for the calculation of NADH percent in a sample was figure out, and the example of its application was presented. The proposed calculation method could be applied for quick and routine NADH content determination at any laboratory equipped with spectrometer. Proposed method may be used for quick and routine determination of NADH content in any laboratory equipped with spectrometer.

38-47
DETECTION OF SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA FROM VARIOUS ECOTOPES BY REAL-TIME PCR

Authors: D. R. Abdulina, G. O Iutynska, A. I. Aniskina, M. M. Nikitin2

Abstract

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Number of views: 231

The study of detection effectiveness of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the samples from various ecotopes by microbiological (cultural by serial dilutions) and molecular biological (by real-time PCR) methods with designed test-systems lyophilized on the silicon microchip was performed. The developed DSRM and SRB2 test-systems for detection of the functional gene dsrA presence, encoding one of the key enzyme of dissimilatory sulphate-reduction pathway — dissimilatory sulfite reductase were used. It was found that the minimal determined SRB titres in water samples were 104 cells/ml and in soil samples they were 102–105 cells/g of absolutely dry soil. In natural and man-caused samples, the amount of SRB detected by the microbiological method was correlated with calculated values determined by the molecular biological method, Pearson’s indexes were r = 0.41–0.69 (k = 11, P ≤ 0.01–0.05). Thus, real-time PCR assay with designed test systems lyophilized on the silicon microchips is a high-quality and rapid method for the detection of SRB in various natural and man-caused ecotopes.

48-55
OPTIMIZATION OF THE CULTIVATION CONDITIONS OF THE RIBOFLAVIN STRAIN PRODUCER

Authors: Radchenko M. M., Andriiash H. S., Beiko N. Ye., Tigunova О. О., Shulga S. M.

Abstract

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Number of views: 262

The aim of the study was to establish the optimal cultivation conditions for increasing accumulation of riboflavin by the producer strain Bacillus subtilis. As an object of the study there were used strains of B. subtilis from “Collection of strains of microorganisms and plant lines for food and agricultural biotechnology” of the State Enterprise “Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”. The percentage (10%) and the period of cultivation (16 hours) of the seed material necessary for accumulation of riboflavin were determined. The effect of the carbon source on the accumulation of riboflavin was studied and it was shown that the greatest accumulation (5.2 g/dm3) was with the use of glucose. The dynamics parameters of riboflavin accumulation over time were investigated and the optimal cultivation period was determined (68 hours). The optimal cultivation conditions were selected, which increased the accumulation of riboflavin in the culture fluid (glucose concentration — 120 g/dm3, temperature — 38 oC, and pH of the medium — 7.0) more than twice. It was concluded that the accumulation of riboflavin could be increased by changing the cultivation conditions.

56-64
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF OIL FROM GRAIN OF SOME TETRAPLOID WHEAT SPECIES

Authors: Relina L. I., Suprun O. H., Boguslavskyi R. L., Didenko S. Yu., Vecherska L. A., Golik O. V.

Abstract

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Number of views: 207

Although wheat has never been considered an oil crop, oil from wheat germs and bran is valuable because it contains important bioactive compounds. Most of studies in this area were conducted with traditional commercial wheat varieties. At the same time, the interest of breeders, producers and consumers is going back to ancient and underutilized wheats species. In this respect, we set the purpose to evaluate tetraploid wheat species (Triticum. dicoccoides var. pseudojordanicum, Triticum dicoccum, Triticum timofeevii, Triticum persicum var rubiginosum, Triticum durum var. falcatamelanopus, Triticum polonicum var. pseudocompactum and Triticum aethiopicum var. densimenelikii) for fatty acid composition. Grain was harvested in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared by the modified Peisker method. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. Six major fatty acids were found in grain of tetraploid wheat species, with linoleic acid being the most abundant. The ratio of unsaturated acids to saturated ones in grain of wild emmer T. dicoccoides var. pseudojordanicum was slightly lower than in the domestic emmer varieties. T. timofeevii, emmer varieties Holikovska and Romanivska and radium wheat variety Spadschina had the most beneficial unsaturated/saturated ratios. As conclusion there was no evidence of deterioration in the grain quality in terms of unsaturated fatty acid levels, and we observed no patterns in variability of fatty acid contents across the species under investigation. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. Six major fatty acids were found in grain of tetraploid wheat species, with linoleic acid being the most abundant. The ratio of unsaturated acids to saturated ones in grain of wild emmer T. dicoccoides var. pseudojordanicum was slightly lower than in the domestic emmer varieties. T. timofeevii, emmer varieties Holikovska and Romanivska and durum wheat variety Spadschina had the most beneficial unsaturated/saturated ratios. There was no evidence of deterioration in the grain quality in terms of unsaturated fatty acid levels. We observed no patterns in variability of fatty acid contents across the species under investigation.

65-79
THE PEPTIDOGLYCAN FRACTION ENRICHED WITH MURAMYL PENTAPEPTIDE FROM Lactobacillus bulgaricus INHIBITS GLIOBLASTOMA U373MG CELL MIGRATION CAPABILITY AND UPREGULATES PARP1 AND NF-kB LEVELS

Authors: V. S. Nedzvetsky, C. A. Agca, G. Baydas

Abstract

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Number of views: 218

Peptidoglycan is a universal component of bacterial walls that exerts various biological activities, including tumoricidal effect. Anti-cancer effect of various peptidoglycan fractions and their derivates is different. Muramyl pentapeptide (MPP) is the most complete building block of peptidoglycan. MPP can stimulate cell reactivity as well as other muropeptides. In the present study, we evaluated inhibitory MPP effect on viability and migration of glioblastoma cells U373MG. As markers of cell reactivity we determined the amounts of proteins PARP1 and NF-kB. MPP exposure induced decrease in viability and migration activity of glioblastoma cells. Besides, MPP treatment increased the amounts of PARP1 and NF-kB in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, NADH level in exposed glioblastoma cells was depleted as compared to control. Thus, MPP exhibits tumoricidal effect in glioblastoma cells U373MG via depletion NADH content and consequently metabolic energy level. Moreover, upregulation of the amounts of PARP1 and NF-kB in glioblastoma cells could be an important mechanism of the inhibition of cell migrative capability and the progress of the tumor. The obtained results evidenced that muramyl pentapeptide could initiate lack of migration via metabolic energy expenditure as a result of gliotypic reactivity. Further studies are actual and extremely required to clarify tumoricidal effect of this muropeptide in glia-derived tumors.