Biotechnologia Acta

19-27

Authors: A. I. Ukrainets, V. M. Pasichny, Y. V. Zheludenko

The review highlights the role of antioxidants in minimizing oxidative changes that may adversely affect the quality of meat and meat products, cause changes in their testing and nutritional properties. This applies particularly to the use of natural antioxidants based on plant extracts, which can be a good alternative to traditional antioxidants, thanks to its high content of phenolic compounds. From the literature it can be concluded that extracts of broccoli, rosemary, mint, grape seed and green tea have a significant antioxidant effect in the meat products. Broccoli and grape seeds extracts have a pronounced antioxidant activity compared to synthetic antioxidants. Laminarin/fucoidan extracts have prooxidative effect on lipid perperoxidation. Essential oils of L. angustifolia and M. piperita effectively inhibit E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus in the chopped beef meat. The alcoholic extract of the dried leaves of oregano has the highest content of total phenols, however, does not exhibit antioxidant properties. The extracts of rosemary, orange, lemon, mint and curry have positive effect on the color of the meat products. When choosing natural antioxidants it is necessary to pay attention to their impact on testing and qualitative characteristics of these food products.

37-47

Authors: O. O. Riabovol, D. O. Tsymbal, D. O. Minchenko, O.O. Ratushna, O. H. Minchenko

We have studied the glucose and glutamine deprivation effect on the expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in U87 glioma cells in relation to inhibition of inositol requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1). It was shown that glutamine deprivation down-regulated the expression of mitochondrial (NADP+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), malic enzyme 2 (ME2), mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (GOT2), and subunit B of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB) genes in control glioma cells in gene specific manner. At the same time, the expression level of malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) and subunit D of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHD) genes in these cells was not changed upon glutamine deprivation. It was also shown that inhibition of ІRE1 signaling enzyme function in U87 glioma cells modified the glutamine deprivation effect on the expression of all studied genes. Furthermore, the expression of the majority of studied genes was resistant to glucose deprivation, except IDH2 and SDHB genes, which expression levels were slightly down-regulated. Inhibition of IRE1 modified the effect of glucose deprivation on ME2, SDHB, SDHD, and GOT2 genes expression. Therefore, glucose and glutamine deprivation affected the expression level of the majority of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in relation to the functional activity of IRE1 enzyme, which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and controls cell proliferation and tumor growth.

55-60

Authors: K. O. Drobot, А. М. Shakhovsky, N. A. Matvieieva

This paper is devoted the biotechnology development of Artemisia dracunculus L. genetic transformation. We obtained the transgenic A. dracunculus “hairy” root culture using A. rhizogenes A4-mediated transformation. The conditions of tarragon’s genetic transformation were optimized. It was shown that leaves of in vitro cultivated plants were the optimal type of explants. The transgenic root formation frequency was up to 20% in case of leaves usage. The time of explants cocultivation with Agrobacterium suspension was found to be an important factor of biotechnology which affects the frequency of transgenic root growth. Transgenic root lines differed in morphological features and growth rate. Specific mass increase varied from 17 to 32 times after 3 weeks cultivation on 1/2 Murashige-Skoog medium.

70-81

Authors: L. V. Gorbunov, Y. M. Mazharova

A simulation model for evaluating the survival and fertilizing capacity of animal spermatozoa was developed, taking into account the initial condition of the sperm and the effectiveness of cryopreservation stages. The model is based on an analytical expression that reflects the main reasons for the survival of reproductive cells in onto-, techno- and phylogenesis. The decrease in spermatozoa resistance depends on a number of biological factors — the animal species, physiological conditions of sperm donor and recipient, the ejaculate quality, and technological factors — the effectiveness of the methods of cell cryopreservation and egg insemination. The discrepancy between the results of cell motility obtained by calculation and experimental methods amounted to less than 2% as a result of our own experiments and to less than 5% for the data taken from literature. A feature of the model is the complete independence of the effectiveness of studied techniques from the heterogeneity of animal sperm. The conducted computer experiment showed that the difference between the values of initial motility and fertilizing capacity of sperm varies from 50 to 100% depending on the difference of biological parameters, while the index of the effectiveness of selected technique creates an error of about 1%. Comparative analysis of alternative technologies of spermatozoa cryopreservation showed the maximum efficiency of the stages of cryoprotectant use, freeze mode, survival and fertilizing capacity of the object. The use of computer modeling allows to greatly reduce the spread in spermatozoa preservation values that were obtained in different experiments, and thus to reduce the time and costs it takes to obtain reliable results.