Biotechnologia Acta

9-16

Authors: M. V. Tolkachev, K. I. Bogutska, O. M. Savchuk, Yu. І. Prylutskyy

The problem of development of modern biotechnologies for the purposeful use of biocompatible low toxic objects of the nanometer size in the treatment of the most widespread diseases, including diabetes, is analyzed in this review. It is likely that by means of nanotechnologies the problems of early diagnostics of this disease and new effective methods of its selective therapy will be developed. The modern literature data on the latest biotechnological ways in therapy of diabetes are generalized, in particular the effect in vivo and in vitro of the biocompatible complexes on the basis of carriers of the different nature (glycopolymer, lipid etc.) and multilayered structures with nanoparticles as potential transporters of insulin, and use of biosensors and magnetic probes on the basis of nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes and oxide of iron) for detecting of glucose and visualization of beta-cells of Langergans islands, which produce insulin, are considered under in vivo and in vitro conditions.

32-38

Authors: L. D. Varbanets, E. L. Zdorovenko, Е. G. Garkavaya, O. S. Brovarskaya

The lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli L-19 was isolated, chemically identified and its nontoxicity but pyrogenicity were shown. The investigations of lipopolysaccharide influence on T- and B-lymphocytes indicated that it might be used as a mitogen in blasttransformation reactions since it was only in insignificant degree less active in comparison with the commercial one. It was shown that in reactions of Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar LPS from E. coli L-19 exerted an activity of antigen in homological system. There were not established serological cross reactions between antiserum to heated E.coli L-19 cells and LPS from another of E.coli strain М-17 аnd also the representatives of Enterobacteriaceae species such as Budvicia aquatica, Rahnella aquatilis and Pragia fontium. These results indicate the absence of common antigenic determinants between the tested strains.

49-55

Authors: A. S. Sekan, S. V. Isaenkov

Using of new approach with site-specific recombinase system Cre/loxP under the control of 35S-promoter to generate marker-free genetically modified plants was developed. The analysis of recombinase system was carried out during the next generation of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, produced by agrobacterium transformation method. For this purpose two types of DNA-constructions were used for establishing better variant. The histochemical analysis of the plants progeny T1 transformed by both construct types was described. As a result of our work, it was established that the amount of marker-free transformants was arising during every next transformation offspring independently of the used construct type. The new strategy provides a simple and rapid way to eliminate swelective and marker genes.

63-79

Authors: N. L. Poyedinok, O. B. Mykhaylova, A. M. Negriyko, I. A. Dudka, B. F. Vasilyeva, O. V. Efremenkova

The aim of the work was to study the induction of antimicrobial activity of macromycetes by low-intensity light of different wavelengths and coherence. The objects of investigation were the strains of Flammulina velutipes 3923, Pleurotus ostreatus 531, Ganoderma lucidum 1908 and G. applanatum 1552 from Mushrooms Collection of the Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the test-cultures from Cultural Collections of the Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics and the All-Russian Collection of Industrial microorganisms. Helium-neon laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and an argon ion laser with wavelengths of 488.0 nm and 514.5 nm were used as a source of coherent visible light lasers. For obtaining incoherent light LEDs with emission at a wavelength of 490.0, 520.0 and 634.0 nm were used. It was found that short-term exposure of sowing mycelium by low intensity light with the energy density of 230 MJ/cm2 in the red and blue wavelength ranges reduced the cultivation period before the appearance of antimicrobial activity and induced the increasing of the culture fluid inhibitory activity against different test-cultures from 20 to 238%. Selected modes of antimicrobial activity photostimulation could be used in biotechnology of submerged cultivation of macromycetes for intensification of technological stages and increasing the yield of the final product.

76-81

Authors: Shcheglova N. S., Кarpenko О. V., Vildanova R. I., Shulga О. M., Baranov V. I.

The influence of biogenic surfactants — rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids — on the growth of legumes was investigated. Rhamnolipid surfactants — product of biosynthesis of Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 strain were extracted by Folch mixture from the culture liquid supernatant and trehalose lipid surfactants — from biomass of R. erythropolis Aс-50 strain. Вiocomplex PS, which is a mixture of rhamnolipids and polysaccharides was precipitated from culture liquid supernatantof Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 strain with acidification to pH 3. Seeds of alfalfa and winter vetch were treated before sowing with solutions of biosurfactants or with appropriate culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and were grown in vessels in the sand culture conditions. The influence of rhamnolipids and indoleacetic acid on rhizogenesis was set in the biotest with beans cuttings. The optimal concentration of biosurfactants (0.01 g/l) was determined for pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa and winter vetch seeds, which promoted the growth of their aboveground mass by 16–20%. It was shown that treatment of seeds by biosurfactants improved the efficiency of winter vetch seeds inoculation by biopreparation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms: an aboveground plant mass increased by 34%. It was shown that soaking of beans cuttings in a mixture of biocomplex PS and indoleacetic acid increased the number of formed roots on 26.7% and their weight — on 19.2% compared with the control which was indoleacetic acid. It was shown that biogenic surfactants (rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids) stimulated the growth of legumes (alfalfa, vetch), contributed to the increase of vegetative mass and stimulated the formation of symbiosis of winter vetch with bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. It was determined that one of the mechanisms of biosurfactant influence on the plant growth was improving the efficiency of phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid.