Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi

37-59

Authors: Muhammed CEYHAN, Murat ALANDAĞLI

Tarih ve tarihî kaynak denince ilk olarak akla devletler ve onların resmî olarak ürettiği arşiv materyali gelmektedir. Bu durumda toplumun sesini sadece devletle olan irtibatı ölçüsünce duymak mümkün olmaktadır. Oysa günümüzde tarihçiler artık toplumların ve bireylerin ne düşündükleri, nasıl bir hayat yaşadıkları gibi daha spesifik sorulara cevap aramaktadır. Tam da bu noktada yeni tarih ve tarihçilik algısına katkı sunacak bir eser tarafımızdan tespit edilmiş ve yeni yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Söz konusu eser; Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi’nde 2216 numara ile kayıtlı 13 Aralık 1921 - 29 Ağustos 1925 tarihleri arasını kapsayan Hacı Bektaş Veli Hazretleri Türbesinin Ziyaret Not Defteri isimli kaynaktır. Bu kaynak; Alevi ve Bektaşi toplumu için derin bir mana ve varlık vesilesi addedilen Hazret-i Pîrʼin dergâhına toplu ve bireysel olarak gelip misafir olanların bu kutsal mekândaki duygu ve düşüncelerini serbest olarak, oldukça safiyane bir şekilde kaleme aldıkları ve dile getirdikleri bir eserdir. Kaynaktaki veriler çerçevesinde ziyaretçilerin devletin çeşitli kademelerinde memur ve asker, sivil- sıradan vatandaş ve hatta yabancı ülke vatandaşları olanlar şeklinde sınıflandırılabilmektedir. Bu zenginlik, defteri oldukça önemli kılmaktadır. Nitekim bu vesile ile toplumun hem sivil kesiminin ve hem de devletin temsilcilerinin sesini bir arada duyma imkânı doğmuştur. Diğer taraftan kaynak bize dönemin dinî, siyasî, askerî ve içtimai hayatına ilişkin oldukça zengin bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bilhassa zaman dilimi bakımından bir devrin sonu ve başka bir devrin başlangıcına isabet eden bu defter; bir manada Osmanlının ölüm acısına Cumhuriyetin ise doğum sancına şahitlik etmesi, dönemin insanlarının duygu ve düşünceleri ile manevî hayatları ve itikadî duruşlarını yansıtması bakımından da farklı bir değeri hak etmektedir. Çalışmamızda, söz konusu defterden elde edilen veriler Alevilik veBektaşilik üzerine yazılan literatür desteğinde nitel ve nicel analiz yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir.

79-94

Authors: Elif GÜRSOY

Due to the fact that the concept of visiting sacred places exists in Turkish culture and Islam, as in many other belief systems, the importance of beliefs and practices related to tombs, entombed saints and places of visit increase; and stories of extraordinary behaviours related to the lives of saints, awliyās, erens and dedes are brought along. In this context, the mausoleum, known as Seydisül, is among the places to go to ask for children, to eliminate infertility, to help grumpy kids behave, to overcome fear or a disaster, to make a cow give more milk and to make ill tempered animals well behave. Seydisül Mausoleum in Altıntaş District of Kütahya province, which has been known for its quarries since ancient times, is open to visitors today. Within the scope of this study, the architectural presentation and decoration features of the tomb are emphasized and an evaluation is made. Up-to-date photographs, plan drawings and decoration drawings were used in the promotion of the building. With the introduction of the tomb, which is dated to the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century with its architectural and ornamental features, it is aimed to contribute to the field of architectural history by settling its place within the Anatolian Turkish Architecture. The Seydisül Mausoleum, which draws attention with the spolia materials in the tomb facades and the burial it is in, has a square prism body. Despite its plain plan, the structure is important with its dome core, dome skirt, door and window decorations, and painting techniques on dry plaster on the south facade wall. It is seen that “S-C” fold, curtain motif and flower arrangements are included in the decoration.

117-130

Authors: Selcen ÖZYURT ULUTAŞ

The conversion of the Turks to Islam is considered as one of the main events that had an effect on shaping the world history. However, the adoption of Islam, i.e. the process of Islamization of the Turks is a multi-layered subject. There are still many questions that are not answered properly, thus waiting to be investigated. The nature of the political and military conditions of the period is very important in evaluating the process of Islamization of the Turks. The work titled Mu‘īn al-Murīd written by Ersarı Bay’s request sheds an important light on this subject. The members of the Ersarı Tribe, mostly living in Turkmenistan and whose population is around one and a half million today, are still grateful for Ersarı Bay’s leadership and the decisions he took, in terms of Islamization. In this study, the conditions of the 12th century, the results of the Mongol raids and how Ersarı Bay made his decision that affected the history will be examined. Subsequently, we will take a closer look at how Islam is explained to the nomadic Turkmens by means of Mu‘īn al-Murīd.

149-160

Authors: Gül Aynur ÇOTULAY

Respecting adults has always had an important place in Islam, and Turkish customs and traditions. Especially the belief and love for the people who are believed to be capable of showing extraordinary miracles have preceded others. When they passed away, their tombs have become one of the places frequented by people. Anatolian people have shown love and respect to such great people for years, and accepted their graves as a supreme authority. In this context, visiting tombs where people pray and offer sacrifices to God, has gained a great importance. When their prayers are accepted, they would pay another visit to the tombs to sacrifice their offerings. Besides, they perform their prayers through different practices in order to be accepted. Such practices and rituals revolving around the tombs have continued for years and survived to the present day. The Hamza Baba Mausoleum, located in Kemalpaşa District of Izmir, continues to exist as a mausoleum that has been visited by Anatolian people for years, where they offered sacrifices, and per-formed various practices and rituals. This study focuses on Hamza Baba Tomb, as it contains both traces of Turkish culture and Alawi-Bektashi traditions. The study consist of three essential parts, namely the Hamza Baba Mausoleum, the Bektashi tradition that is followed by Hamza Baba, the practices and rituals performed around the mausoleum. To this end, interviews were conducted with the villagers who live in where the tomb is located, and written sources were consulted to discuss the data gained during fieldwork and enrich the study.

171-190

Authors: Ainura KURMANALİYEVA- Sultanmurat ABZHALOV- Bakhytzhan SAPAROV

Kazakh Turks have enriched their cultural structure in their negative social life since the VIII century, after the acceptance of the acceptance of Islam and sharia values in the steppe. Various propaganda methods were carried out against the Islamic values adopted by the Kazakh society with this cultural momentum, which lasted about 10 centuries, the annexation of Tsarist Russia and the colonial administration that followed, and the policy of atheism, which was adopted by the Soviet Communist party for 70 years. In the early years, the Soviet administration carefully treated the religious feelings of the native Kazakh Turks. On the one hand, the Bolsheviks pledged to “protect Muslims” and their rights, on the other hand tried to destroy their democratic principles. In the second half of the 1920’s, the “violent attack” policy against Islam started in the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The totalitarian system, which strengthened until the end of the 1920’s, implemented a political campaign against the clergy. The organs of the OGPU (United States Political Administration under the People’s Commissariat Council of the USSR) used various methods to prevent the unification of the country’s Muslims and the political empowerment of religious and clergymen and their National intellectuals. The Bolsheviks made decisions regarding the registration of religious associations, opening and closing mosques, and managed to control cultural legislation. This new communist order led to restrictions and violations of public rights and initiated harsh administrative control over all religious activities of the country. Within these restrictions, Islam was attacked more than other religions. After the establishment of the communist administration in Kazakhstan, the first period of famine began in 1921–1922, the policy of collectivization after 1926, the new economic policy and the second period of hunger, followed by the policy of exposing the elite and genocide of the local population. Thus, in this article, the ban on Muslim religious organizations, the persecution of mollas and imams, the closure of mosques, the role of Islam in Kazakhstan, and the issue of famine were classified based on archival documents.