Izvestiya Vuzov. Prikladnaya Khimiya i Biotekhnologiya

19-34

Authors: L.A. Oparina*, N.A. Kolyvanov*, N.K. Gusarova*,V.N. Saprygina

The main global trend in the improvement of ecological and operational properties of motor fuels is the application of multipurpose additives, mainly, oxygenates, i.e. oxygen-containing substances (alcohols, ketones, ethers, etc.). The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature and patent data on the synthesis of oxygencontaining compounds based on renewable raw materials. The latter is mainly concerned with non-food raw materials (lignocellulose, glycerin) as well as agricultural and domestic waste (straw, sawdust, biomass, biogas). The data on the use of oxygenates as additives for improving of the operational properties of motor fuels are reviewed and summarized. It is shown that the application of such oxygenates prolongs operational life of fuels, often improves their quality and decreases toxicity of the combustion products. Both traditional additives (alcohols and ethers) and the components of second-generation fuels - derivatives of glycerol, furan and phenol - are analyzed in the review.

42-50

Authors: R.A. Aliyeva*, A.V. Ayvazova*, F.E. Espandi**, F.M. Chiragov

In this study, a reagent based on benzoylacetone is synthesized, and its analytical potential for determining iron (III) is established. The complexation of iron (III) with 1-phenyl-2- [2-hydroxyphenylazo] butadione-1,3 (PHPAB) in the presence of diantipyrylmethane (DAM), diantipyrylphenylmethane (DAPM) and diantipyrilotoxyphenylmethane (DAOPM) is analysed and optimal conditions for the complexation are established. The main spectrophotometric characteristics of the as-obtained complexes are calculated, including pHopt, λopt, the molar absorption coefficient, the composition of the complexes and the interval of subordination to Beer's law. The study of iron (III) complexation with the reagent shows that multi-ligand complexes form in the presence of DAM, DAPM and DAOPM. In this process, bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectrum are observed, with the maximum yield shifting to an acid medium. The ratios of the reacting components are calculated for homogeneous Fe-R (1: 2), multi-ligand FeR-DAM (1: 2: 2), FeR-DAPM (1: 2: 1) and FeR-DAOPM (1: 2: 2) complexes. The determination of iron (III) with the reagent in the presence of DAOPM is shown to be highly selective. The effect of some ions and masking agents on the formation of bi- and multi-ligand iron (III) complexes is studied. It is demonstrated that significant amounts of alkali and alkaline earth metals do not hinder the process of iron determination. The developed technique is used to determine the micro-quantities of iron (III) in three apple cultivars.

59-66

Authors: V.V. Rogozhin, Yu.V. Rogozhin

The effect of limited anaerobic conditions on the productivity of Medusomyces gisevii was studied. An artificial nutrient medium with a volume of 0.4 litres, containing 25% of the inoculate, was used throughout the experiments. Sugar (100 g / L) acting as a carbohydrate, as well as extracts of black or green tea (2 g / L) or coffee (2 g / L) were added to the microorganism cultivation medium. The metabolic activity of the symbiont microorganisms was evaluated by acidification of the nutrient medium, which manifested itself in low pH values and increased electrical conductivity values. Anabiosis of the symbiont was created by layering the vegetable oil on the surface of the nutrient medium. Under the conditions of anabiosis, the absence (for the extracts of black and green teas) and limited growth (for coffee extract) of biocellulose were observed. Moreover, in all samples of Medusomyces gisevii symbionts, the activity of microorganisms decreased sharply under conditions of anabiosis; this was manifested in a decrease in pH values during the month of cultivation by only 1.6–7.3%, and electrical conductivity values by 2.9–41.5%. The obtained data indicate that both oxygen and biocellulose localised on the surface of the culture liquid are needed for normal functioning of Medusomyces gisevii.

74-81

Authors: V.A. Kostikova

This work is aimed at investigating the composition and content of phenolic compounds contained in P. schlothauerae leaves using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The material for the study of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in extracts obtained from P. schlothauerae leaves was collected from natural P. schlothauerae populations during flowering and fruiting phases. Ethanol extracts obtained by extraction in a water bath with 40% ethyl alcohol were analysed using an Agilent 1200 liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode array detector. It is found that 40% water-ethanol leaf extracts contain chlorogenic, caffeic and ncoumaric phenolic carboxylic acids, as well as flavonols including aglycon quercetin, kaempferol and glycoside of quercetin hyperoside. Quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic and n-coumaric acids were found in the hydrolysates of water-ethanol extracts. Differences in the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds contained in the hydrolysates of water-ethanol extracts from P. schlothauerae leaves and plants of the Spiraea genus have been revealed, confirming the taxonomic independence of P. schlothauerae. The content of phenolic substances in P. schlothauerae leaves is higher during the fruiting phase. Kaempferol (0.07 mg / g) is found in water-ethanol extracts from leaves only during the fruiting phase

92-98

Authors: S.V. Gunich*, E.V. Yanchukovskaya

This paper considers the use of pyrolysis for the disposal of solid domestic and industrial wastes without residues or threat to public health. A pilot semi-industrial waste processing plant with a capacity of up to 1000 kg/day as part of the thermolysis unit of a waste recycling complex is presented. The advantages of using microwave radiation for decomposition of carbon-containing wastes, including food, polymer, plastic, wood, vegetable and paper fractions having a 30-40% moisture content per solid carbon-coke residue and gaseous fraction, are shown. A system for purification of exhaust flue gases is described. This system involves the stages of catalytic adsorption in a fixed bed adsorber, chemisorption in a wet scrubber by flushing flue gases with lime water and chemisorption in a wet scrubber by washing with an aqueous solution of carbamide. The samples of dust and gas emissions are analysed in terms of the content of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and oxides. It is shown that the concentrations of these harmful substances do not exceed the maximum permissible values. The potential and efficiency of the developed technology that meets modern international standards of environmental safety are demonstrated

106-114

Authors: N.G. Sosnovskaya*, A.O. Ivanova**, I.V. Nikitin***, G.N. Chernysheva***, N.V. Russavskaya**, I.A. Danchenko*, N.V. Istomina*, N.A. Korchevin

In this paper, we discuss the effect of adding trichloroethylamides of certain sulphonic and car-boxylic acids on the formation of bright coatings in electrochemical nickel plating using the standard Watts electrolyte. As a result, three out of the four compounds under study formed bright coatings, with one forming a semi-bright coating. The additives were introduced into the electro-lyte in an amount of 0.1-0.7 g / L. The current output was 78-97%. The porosity of the coatings obtained reached 0.28-11.02 pores/cm2, which is significantly lower than that obtained with other brighteners

122-128

Authors: S.N. Maksimova, T.N. Slutskaya, A.g. Kim, E.V. Fedoseeva, Е.M. Panchishina, E.V. Surovtseva

Far Eastern sea cucumber is a biologically valuable object of aquaculture and marine fishing on the Eastern coast of the Russian Federation. The manufacture of food products from sea cucumber and expansion of the range of such products are relevant economic issues for the Far East. An important technological task is the creation of a sea cucumber product with a functional orientation, with attractive consumer properties and low moisture content. The aim of the work is to develop the technology for producing dried products from Far Eastern sea cucumbers, allowing their biologically active chemical compounds to be preserved and a ready product having a prolonged shelf life with high organoleptic characteristics to be obtained. As a result of experimental studies, a recipe, production scheme and technological parameters for a new dried sea cucumber product are substantiated. The developed product is approved by STO 00471515-054-2017 «Snacks from dried sea cucumber». The quality evaluation of the finished product according to its organoleptic and physicochemical parameters is implemented, and its biological value is confirmed. Dried sea cucumber snacks meet the microbiological parameter requirements of EAEU TR 040/2016 «On the safety of fish and fish products». The shelf life of the dried moulded product from the sea cucumber in a sealed package is evaluated and confirmed.