Jornal of Management, Economics and Industrial Organization

2-32

Authors: Nuri Demirel

The Black Sea region occupies an important place in history, because of its geographical, historical, geopolitical, geostrategic, geoeconomic and geo-ethnic location. Great Powers have been and continue to be of interest to it. The growing energy needs of the world and the availability of energy reserves in the Black Sea aroused the interest of the great powers. This interest will be caused by the distribution of energy resources in the future, which will become one of the reasons for the Third World War. In a global world where technology is developing at a rapid pace, as a result, in the Black Sea region, as well as in the weakest forces, intelligent games are being thought of in the world where chess pieces will be rearranged. With the end of the Cold War period, the effect of Russia declined in the Black Sea region, but with the Crimea's accession to Russia on March 17, 2014, the balances in the Black Sea changed again in favor of Russia. This article will examine the Black Sea region and its importance, the situation in the Black Sea before and after the cold war period, Russia's position in the Black Sea, new strategies and reactions that are changing in the Black Sea region, after the Crimea joined Russia, Russian-Ukrainian relations affecting region, Turkish-Russian relations, as well as Russia's relations with the European Union (EU) and with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

33-59

Authors: Ali Ihtiyar

The article aims to better understand the impact of intercultural communication, social environment and personality on customer satisfaction and loyalty in grocery retailing. In this endeavour, the study illustrates the unique context of intercultural communication, to highlight several improvements in the literature, and to encourage the advancement of the intercultural communication in the literature. To initiate the research, a survey approach was taken. 681 questionnaires were returned out of 1100 that were distributed within selected grocery retailers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The measurement of the constructs and their interrelationships are examined based on partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings validate the proposed framework with statistically significant relationships among all constructs. Furthermore, it exposes additional insights into some practical and conceptual solutions for addressing the intercultural communication of culturally diverse encounters in the Malaysian grocery retail industry. These contributions postulate an impetus for future research in various service settings. Based on the theories, the study assesses the role of the social environment of grocery retail consumers and their personalities on intercultural communication competence (ICC) and its impact on inter-role congruence and interaction comfort. It is anticipated that by filling this knowledge gap, the research will assist in strengthening retail communication strategies, which require intercultural communication adjustments in a multicultural business environment. The ICC is expected to improve the retail industry competitiveness when it positively influences inter-role congruence and interaction comfort among customers.