Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology

01-05

Authors: K. Parveen Banu1*, P. M. Tharani2, V. Subramaniam3

Comfort properties of textiles are extremely important. It is sometimes more important than the aesthetic properties when the garment are next to skin. Among all comfort properties, good absorption and easy drying is one of the major requirements. Wetting and wicking are two related processes. A liquid that does not wet fibres cannot wick in to a fabric, and wicking can only occur when fibers assembled with capillary spaces between them are wetted by a liquid. Viscose staple yarns were spun with different linear densities and the yarns properties and wicking behaviour were examined. Viscose yarns with coarser counts showed maximum wicking behaviour compared to finer counts. Key words: Wetting; Wicking; Capillary spaces; Absorbency.

10-16

Authors: V. A. Rinsey Antony1*, S. Karpagam Chinnammal2n3

Silk the exotic, elegant, beauty and luxury fabric has fascinated man for many decades. Degumming of silk is one of the most important studies in silk manufacturing process. In this study an attempt has been made to replace the traditional soap soda method with enzymes. The enzyme protease is being extracted from the skin of papaya which is a rich source of protease enzyme papain. The yarns are degummed with the enzyme extracted from the papaya skin. The performance of enzyme treated yarn has also been compared with the yarns degummed by the conventional method. The degummed yarns were further dyed using natural dye turmeric in the presence and absence of mordants. The degummed samples were subjected to subjective evaluation like colour, luster and hand, dyed yarns for general appearance, depth of colour, evenness in dyeing and luster. Objective evaluation like Weight loss, Tensile strength,Elongation, Degumming efficiency, Colour fastness to washing, rubbing and to light were also carried out. Keywords: Degumming; Dyeing; Enzyme; Protease; Silk.yad.

21-24

Authors: R. C. Saraswathi1, K. Prabakaran2, K. B. Rajesh3*, Haresh M. Pandya4

Focusing properties of radially polarized Lorentz–Gauss beam with one on-axis optical vortex was investigated by vector diffraction theory. Results show that intensity distribution in the focal region can be altered considerably by charge number of the optical vortex and the beam parameters. Many novel focal patterns may occur, Such as Peak-centered, and other focal shapes which is potentially useful in optical tweezers, material processing and laser printing. Keywords: Lorentz gaussian beam; Radially polarized beam; Vector diffraction theory.

29-35

Authors: M. Altaf1*, J. M. Banday2, M. M. Ahmad3

Observations of whistler-mode chorus emissions recorded at Nanital (190 02/ N, 14.9o 45/ E, L = 1.16) between 2200 and 0315 hours IST on 13 May and 8 June 1970 has been reported. The detailed spectral analysis of recorded chorus emissions shows that the chorus element originates from upper edge of the hiss band. To explain the observed dynamic spectra of these chorus emissions, a possible generation mechanism is presented on the non linear theory. It is observed that the seeds of chorus emissions with rising frequency are generated near the magnetic equator as a result of a nonlinear growth mechanism that depends on the wave amplitude. On the basis of this theory, the frequency sweep rate of chorus emission is computed and compared with that of our experimentally observed values, which in general shows good agreement. Keywards : Chorus; Ionosphere; Non linear; Magnetosphere; Whistler.

43-62

Authors: P. Mahalingam1, T. Maiyalagan2, E. ManiKandan3, P. S. Syed Shabudeen4, S. Karthikeyan5*

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the adsorption mechanism of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized from Pine oil, methyl ester of Jatropha curcas oil and methyl ester of Pongamiya pinnata oil in comparison with commercial Activated Carbon for the removal of Basic dye (Basic brown 4). The Multiwalled nanotubes synthesized from respective precursors by spray pyrolysis method were used as adsorbent. The sorbent properties of these materials for the removal of Basic brown 4 dye from aqueous solution was studied. The effect of variables such as temperature, initial concentration, solution pH and the sorbent property of the materials in a batch mode contact time process was investigated. The influences of different factors on the adsorption of Basic brown 4 on these adsorbents were explained in terms of electrostatic fields on the Basic brown 4 dye molecule and on the surface of adsorbents. The specific rate constant measurements confirming the applicability of pseudo second order rate expression for the process. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change, enthalpy change and entropy change were calculated. The negative value of free energy change indicates that the Basic Brown dye adsorption process is spontaneous and the positive value of enthalpy change shows the endothermic in nature. The kinetic measurements enabled to propose possible mechanism of adsorption involved in this process. Keywords: Activated carbon; Adsorption; Basic Brown 4 dye; Film diffusion; Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes; Pore diffusion.

67-80

Authors: M.Sathish Kumar1, K. Manonmani2, B. Parasuram3, S. Karthikeyan4*

This paper provides a general idea of carbon nanotube reinforced composites and its potential applications in various fields. It is evident from the history that composite materials have overcome the inability of conventional materials to cater the need of anticipated property requirements. The reinforcement of CNTs with the matrix material adds value and makes it as advanced multifunctional materials. The predominant properties and exciting functional characteristics of Nanocomposites provides a promising future in nanotechnology research. In this paper an attempt has been made to concise processing techniques, properties and testing methods of various nanocomposites like metal matrix CNT reinforced composites, Ceramic matrix CNT reinforced composites and Polymer CNT reinforced composites to the maximum possible extent. This article is intended to provide a crystal clear review of nanocomposites and a perspective including need for such materials to be produced with low cost and high quality. Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Ceramics; Composites; Metals; Polymer.