Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology

05-12

Authors: S. Karthikeyan 1*, P. Sivakumar 2

Activated carbon samples are characterized by their high adsorption capacities. Although the highly active surface properties of the activated carbon are after attributed to the chemical functional groups, surface morphology plays a significant role in determining the surface availability. Micropores, mesopores and macropores distribution in activated carbon samples are closing related to their preparation methods. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of activation methods on the characterization of activated carbon produced from Feronia limonia shell. The resulting samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77 K to obtain surface area and pore size distributions. The morphology of the resulting sample was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the electronic structure was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy techniques. Results obtained indicate that the activated carbon prepared using Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle (wood apple) shell by ZnCl2 carbonization process followed by activation at 800° C under a nitrogen atmosphere yielded activated carbon with the highest surface area and more developed micro, meso and macroporosity. KEY WORDS: Feronia limonia shell; Activated carbon; Carbonization processes

20-27

Authors: B. Sivakumar1 , P. Shanthi2 , C. Kannan3*

Balsamodendron caudatum wood waste was employed for the removal of Reactive Blue 2 from aqueous solution under different experimental conditions was investigated. Characterization of activated carbon prepared using Balsamodendron caudatum wood waste by two different processes (BAC1 and BAC2) was employed. The influences of initial Reactive Blue 2 concentration (20, 40 and 60 mg/L), and temperatures (30°, 45° and 60°C) have been reported. A comparison of kinetic models applied to adsorption of Reactive Blue 2 (CI No 61211) on the each adsorbent was evaluated for pseudo first–order, pseudo second-order and Elovich models respectively. Results show that the pseudo first order kinetic model was found to correlate the experimental data well. Keywords: Adsorption Reactive Blue 2; Adsorption kinetics; low-cost adsorbents; Aqueous solution.

32-39

Authors: Lyubomir Vladimirov

The paper introduces system-oriented definitions of transboundary environmental dangers and threats of economic activities in border areas. The morphology of trans-border hazardous phenomena generated by economic activities in border areas are developed first, and the dangerous effects on objects in the environment of neighboring countries, then and possible harmful impacts on its territory. To illustrate the models lexicological-graphical models were applied. Each of the constituent components of dangers is decomposed in order to derive the basic elements. They are assessed quantitatively by descriptors such as the probabilities of their occurrence. A system structure, allowing understanding in details the content and the dangers and the threats they causes is introduced. Keywords: transboundary; lexicological-graphical models; harmful impacts.

44-52

Authors: S. N. Dhamangaonkar1, L. Shukla2*

Callus induction potential of nine economically important indica rice genotypes of Tamil Nadu and neighboring areas was examined on different callus induction medium. Nine genotypes include Improved White Ponni(I W Ponni), BPT-5204, TKM-9, CR1009, ADT-39, ADT-43, KKL(R) -1, CO(R)-48 and Savitri/Ponmani. These rice genotypes were having distinct useful agronomical trait like resistance to various pest, tolerance to salinity and drought conditions. Most of the indica rice genotypes having good grain quality and nutritional properties are susceptible to pest and diseases causing loss in annual yield. The yield could be enhanced by genetic improvement by rice transformation to enable them to withstand biotic and abiotic stress. First step towards this approach is to produce a pleuripotent cell mass, callus induced from scutellum of mature rice seeds. MS basal medium with various 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) concentrations (2mg/L, 2.5mg/L, 3mg/L, 4mg/L and 5 mg/L) was used for these studies. Four indica rice genotypes I. W. Ponni, ADT- 43, BPT-5204 and TKM-9 found to be potent for callus induction from scutellum of mature seed at the concentration of 2mg/l to 5 mg /l 2,4-D. The varieties ADT-39, KKL (1) R, CO(R) 48, CR1009 and Savitri/Ponmani were recalcitrant and no embryogenic calli was obtained on either of the 2, 4-D concentration. 34 % of healthy calli obtained from I W Ponni 20 % of healthy callus induction obtained from BPT-5204 and 10 % of healthy calli from each of the ADT-43 and TKM-9. These indica rice genotypes could be used for various plant science researches. Keywords - Callus Induction; scutellum; Indica rice genothype.

50-52

Authors: A.P. Sharavana Kumaar *1, J. Vanitha 2, K. Venkateshwaran 3, K. Srikanth Reddy 1, Jopsy T. Simon 1, D. Karthikeyan 4.

Preliminary phytochemical screening of Thespesia populnea demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids and triterpenes. Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Thespesia populnea was Checked at a lowest concentration by cup and plate method. Zones of inhibition produced by methanolic extract in a dose of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml against some selected strains was measured and compared with those of standard antibiotic levofloxacin (10 μg/ml). Keywords: Thespesia populnea; antibacterial activity; cup and plate.