Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

10-18

Authors: Marina Guseva, Elena Andreeva, Yuliya Rogozhina

Despite many years of automation experience, the final inspection stage has not yet been digitized. At sewing enterprises, traditionally, the detection of defects in batches of finished clothes is carried out by contact method by the employees of the technical control department. The aim of the study is to develop a method for recognizing technological and design defects that reduce the grade of products for remote monitoring of the quality of sewing semi-finished products and finished products using a computer vision software- and-hardware complex. An analysis of the existing methods for identifying visual information has shown that to achieve the task, the Haar cascade classifier can be used, which makes it possible to recognize scanned objects with a high degree of reliability by comparing the characteristics of images with templates. The authors have developed the GarmentScanner software and hardware system, which reads visual information using machine vision, classifies it using the Viola/Jones algorithm based on the calculation of the total brightness of pixels in arbitrary rectangular areas, and performs metric actions. At the current stage of the study, the GarmentScanner software works with photographic images of finished products of flat shapes (t-shirts, shorts). The following attributes were selected as the tested attributes: the coordinates of the base and reference points on the product (in accordance with the model features); the symmetry of the contour; the conformity of the dimensions of a particular model to the reference sample (according to the table of measures). Approbation of GarmentScanner work is carried out at outsourcing sewing enterprises in China, cooperating with Russian design agencies. An additional effect from the use of GarmentScanner was the reduction of conflict situations in production, arising against the background of different interpretations by customers from Russia and outsourcing contractors of the concept of "production quality and its rejection".

33-46

Authors: Vera Davydzenkava, Valeri Alshanski

With the onset of the autumn-spring period, tasks of rescuing people in open water are of particular urgency for the rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus. The available personal protective suits allow rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations to perform certain types of rescue operations in cold and hot water at a depth of up to 130 cm, resting their feet on the ground. Rescue of exhausted or unconscious people at a depth of more than 130 cm in such suits is not possible. One way to solve this problem is to modernize the existing personal protective suit by introducing a positive buoyancy element into the inner heat-insulating overalls. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of positive buoyancy and stability of a combined personal protection suit, based on the theory of body swimming. It has been determined that in order to maintain the suit's own buoyancy, its design should provide for the presence of positive buoyancy elements made of polyethylene foam with a total area of at least 6,359.3 cm2 with a single layer thickness of 8 mm. The preservation of the transverse and longitudinal stability of the combined personal protective suit of the rescuer will be ensured if, when designing it, the placement of elements of positive buoyancy in the chest, shoulder girdle from the back, neck and forearms is provided.  Taking into account the above recommendations operational tests of an experimental model were performed on the basis of the center of the diving and rescue service of the Republican Special Forces. It is found out that the upgraded experimental sample of the suit provided has the necessary speed of putting on, ergonomics, lightness, is sufficiently resistant to tears, provides positive buoyancy and safety of the rescuer during work related to rescuing people on water (ice), being outdoors at low temperature (letter dated November 16, 2020 № 52/03-06/848). 

53-63

Authors: Dzmitry Ryklin, Volha Dubrouskaya

The object of research is shielding antistatic fabrics containing Bekinox steel fibers. The objective of the work is to determine the shielding efficiency of fabrics containing Bekinox steel fibers, providing a given level of shielding properties, for subsequent consideration of the information obtained when developing a technique for designing fabrics for special purposes. The optimal distance between electrically conductive threads was selected for the production of fabric with shielding properties, which allows creating the best reflective effect of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the fabric. As a result of statistical processing of experimental data, a mathematical model was developed that describes the dependence of the fabrics shielding efficiency coefficient on the distance between electrically conductive threads of Bekinox steel fibers in the warp and weft of 5 mm and 10 mm. When analyzing the test results of shielding fabrics, it was found that under UHF radiation only 4-layered fabrics can be used with the distance between electrically conductive yarns of 5 mm, they have sufficient shielding ability. With an increase in the radiation frequency to 18 GHz, the shielding ability of fabrics decreases to 25 dB. Consequently, these investigated fabrics can be used as a radio absorbing material with protective properties in the microwave range.

71-81

Authors: Elena Sheremet, Marina Shevtsova, Liliya Sheverinova

The subject of the study is the resistance of special shoes with genuine leather uppers to aggressive environments. The paper studies the effect of alkali and acid on the structure and strength properties of shoes with genuine leather uppers used in the chemical industry. The study was carried out using existing methods that differ in conditions and test modes. The level of influence of aggressive environments and test conditions on the material of the uppers of special footwear was determined. A microscopic method was used to study changes in the structure of skins after exposure to aggressive media. This study is of practical importance for shoe enterprises in the formation of the quality of special footwear at the pre-production stage and procedures for mandatory confirmation of compliance with the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts.

94-103

Authors: Dmitry Lisouski, Natalia Yasinskaya

The article presents the results of a study of the process of biochemical flax fiber cottonization using multi-enzyme compositions, including pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. The methods and results of determining the activity of the enzymes used are presented. Bioscouring of cottonized flax fiber was carried out, using pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes with following peroxide bleaching. Treatment with high concentrations of cellulolytic enzymes significantly increased the short fiber index and reduced fiber strength. Enzyme treatment with pectinases and their mixtures with cellulase led to the production of cottonized fiber with a degree of whiteness higher by 4.3–4.5 %; a linear density lower by 12–25 %; a weight loss by 52–54 % lower in comparison with the traditionally prepared fiber. The optimal concentration of pectinase in the cooking solution (2–3 g/l) was determined. Thus, the preliminary enzymatic treatment made it possible to obtain cottonized flax fiber with improved physical and mechanical properties.

119-125

Authors: Vera Chykunskaya, Leonid Shcherbina, Valery Ogorodnikov, Iryna Budkute

The article summarizes results of studies of homophase synthesis of a copolymer based on acrylonitrile and 2-acrylamid-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid synthesized with an acidic comonomer content in a reaction mixture of 30 % (by weight of monomers) in a 51.5 % aqueous solution of sodium thiocyanate. On its basis, fibrous and granular ion-exchange materials were produced and their sorption activity was studied. By the method of acid-base titration, its static exchange capacity (SOE) was determined, which amounted to 1.40 mmol-eq/g. Complexometric titration was used to produce data on the dynamics of sorption of zinc ions by ionite from ZnSO4 solutions in the concentration range of 0.001– 0.1 mol-eq/dm3. The dynamic characteristics of the sorption of zinc ions by the ion exchanger in H+ and Na+-forms are given. It is noted that it is difficult to work with materials containing more than 30 % (by weight of monomers) of the acidic comonomer, due to the strong swelling of the sample.

135-144

Authors: Alena Aliakseyeva, Anna Skakalova, Valeriya Khaletskaya

In the article, staff skills are considered as a source of competitive advantages. It has been determined that in the context of the digitalization of the economy, the requirements for staff skills are increasing, labor becomes hybrid, the lack of digital skills slows down the process of digital transformation, which is necessary for textile, apparel and shoe industry to maintain competitiveness. The article presents the results of a study of the staff skills at an apparel enterprise, conducted by a survey method based on the author's questionnaire. In the study framework, based on the self-assessment of staff, an assessment of the demand for skills in a particular workplace, an assessment of the mismatch and requiring improvement skills, as well as the interest of the staff in skills development have been done. The methodological approach has been tested on the example of an apparel company and allows to identify mismatches of skills, as well as to create staff training programs aimed at reducing the mismatch and ensuring the development of the organization's competitive advantages by increasing the matching of skills to the requirements of jobs.

158-168

Authors: Polina Nemkina, Tamara Kasayeva

In modern conditions of development of the national economy, the tasks of operational analysis of the financial condition and financial performance of commercial organizations, timely identification of existing risks and finding balanced management decisions are particularly relevant. In this concept, the income and expenses of the organization are considered as factors of the formation of the financial result of the organization and the objects of management. An objective assessment of the quality of income received and expenses incurred can serve as information support for making appropriate decisions. The study of the theory and practice of economic analysis has shown that today one of the most effective tools for solving the tasks is the scoring model. Theoretical studies conducted by the authors allowed us to determine the main areas of application of scoring models; assessment of creditworthiness, formation of assortment policy, sociological research, financial analysis. An attempt to apply the developed scoring models of financial analysis in real business conditions revealed the need for their development both in terms of the set of indicators used and in relation to the final assessment. Elements of the scientific novelty of the research are the following: the classification of scoring models proposed by the authors, as well as the methodology for analyzing the income and expenses of an organization based on an expanded scoring model. They allow not only to assess the quality of income and expenses, but also to determine the directions of development of management decisions to improve their quality.

181-191

Authors: Olga Sovetnikova, Anastasiya Petrova 

Modernization of agriculture with the use of the latest digital technologies is one of the key global trends today. The authors found that in the context of sustainable development, the digital transformation of the economy is one of the key elements in building a technological information society based on ongoing social-and-economic processes. The purpose of the study is to identify the need for the modernization of agriculture in the digital economy, which improves the quality of sectoral management. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the main policy documents approved for the medium and long term and related to the development of agriculture in the context of the digitalization of the economy; assessment of the main indicators of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Belarus; identification of the main problems of agricultural development. The analysis made it possible to develop the main directions for the development of agriculture in the context of digitalization, which can be used to make managerial decisions by republican and regional government bodies in the formation and implementation of regional and state programs for the development of the agroindustrial complex.

203-217

Authors: Galina Yasheva, Yuliya Nikolaeva, Veronika Kondratieva 

World experience shows that the cluster is the most effective organizational form of business, stimulating the development of innovations and increasing the competitiveness of both individual business entities and regional, national economies. In international practice, the spread of cluster initiatives and the formation of national policies in the field of cluster development has become ubiquitous since the beginning of the 21st century. Today, industries of many European countries are fully or partially covered by clustering, and specialized infrastructure is being created. The positive experience of Europe can be applied to the implementation of cluster policy in the Republic of Belarus. To do this, a comparative analysis of clustering factors was performed. The article provides a comparative analysis of clustering processes in European countries and the Republic of Belarus. The historical prerequisites for the formation of cluster policy and its evolutionary result are analyzed: the number of clusters in countries, their specialization and structure in relation to compliance with the cluster criteria are determined. Cluster support institutions and priority areas of activity, as well as the role of the state in the development of clusters, are identified. The sources of funding for cluster programs are analyzed, the levels of implementation of cluster projects are determined.