Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

10-18

Authors: Marina Guseva, Elena Andreeva, Yuliya Rogozhina

Despite many years of automation experience, the final inspection stage has not yet been digitized. At sewing enterprises, traditionally, the detection of defects in batches of finished clothes is carried out by contact method by the employees of the technical control department. The aim of the study is to develop a method for recognizing technological and design defects that reduce the grade of products for remote monitoring of the quality of sewing semi-finished products and finished products using a computer vision software- and-hardware complex. An analysis of the existing methods for identifying visual information has shown that to achieve the task, the Haar cascade classifier can be used, which makes it possible to recognize scanned objects with a high degree of reliability by comparing the characteristics of images with templates. The authors have developed the GarmentScanner software and hardware system, which reads visual information using machine vision, classifies it using the Viola/Jones algorithm based on the calculation of the total brightness of pixels in arbitrary rectangular areas, and performs metric actions. At the current stage of the study, the GarmentScanner software works with photographic images of finished products of flat shapes (t-shirts, shorts). The following attributes were selected as the tested attributes: the coordinates of the base and reference points on the product (in accordance with the model features); the symmetry of the contour; the conformity of the dimensions of a particular model to the reference sample (according to the table of measures). Approbation of GarmentScanner work is carried out at outsourcing sewing enterprises in China, cooperating with Russian design agencies. An additional effect from the use of GarmentScanner was the reduction of conflict situations in production, arising against the background of different interpretations by customers from Russia and outsourcing contractors of the concept of "production quality and its rejection".

33-46

Authors: Vera Davydzenkava, Valeri Alshanski

With the onset of the autumn-spring period, tasks of rescuing people in open water are of particular urgency for the rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus. The available personal protective suits allow rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations to perform certain types of rescue operations in cold and hot water at a depth of up to 130 cm, resting their feet on the ground. Rescue of exhausted or unconscious people at a depth of more than 130 cm in such suits is not possible. One way to solve this problem is to modernize the existing personal protective suit by introducing a positive buoyancy element into the inner heat-insulating overalls. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of positive buoyancy and stability of a combined personal protection suit, based on the theory of body swimming. It has been determined that in order to maintain the suit's own buoyancy, its design should provide for the presence of positive buoyancy elements made of polyethylene foam with a total area of at least 6,359.3 cm2 with a single layer thickness of 8 mm. The preservation of the transverse and longitudinal stability of the combined personal protective suit of the rescuer will be ensured if, when designing it, the placement of elements of positive buoyancy in the chest, shoulder girdle from the back, neck and forearms is provided.  Taking into account the above recommendations operational tests of an experimental model were performed on the basis of the center of the diving and rescue service of the Republican Special Forces. It is found out that the upgraded experimental sample of the suit provided has the necessary speed of putting on, ergonomics, lightness, is sufficiently resistant to tears, provides positive buoyancy and safety of the rescuer during work related to rescuing people on water (ice), being outdoors at low temperature (letter dated November 16, 2020 № 52/03-06/848). 

53-63

Authors: Dzmitry Ryklin, Volha Dubrouskaya

The object of research is shielding antistatic fabrics containing Bekinox steel fibers. The objective of the work is to determine the shielding efficiency of fabrics containing Bekinox steel fibers, providing a given level of shielding properties, for subsequent consideration of the information obtained when developing a technique for designing fabrics for special purposes. The optimal distance between electrically conductive threads was selected for the production of fabric with shielding properties, which allows creating the best reflective effect of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the fabric. As a result of statistical processing of experimental data, a mathematical model was developed that describes the dependence of the fabrics shielding efficiency coefficient on the distance between electrically conductive threads of Bekinox steel fibers in the warp and weft of 5 mm and 10 mm. When analyzing the test results of shielding fabrics, it was found that under UHF radiation only 4-layered fabrics can be used with the distance between electrically conductive yarns of 5 mm, they have sufficient shielding ability. With an increase in the radiation frequency to 18 GHz, the shielding ability of fabrics decreases to 25 dB. Consequently, these investigated fabrics can be used as a radio absorbing material with protective properties in the microwave range.

71-81

Authors: Elena Sheremet, Marina Shevtsova, Liliya Sheverinova

The subject of the study is the resistance of special shoes with genuine leather uppers to aggressive environments. The paper studies the effect of alkali and acid on the structure and strength properties of shoes with genuine leather uppers used in the chemical industry. The study was carried out using existing methods that differ in conditions and test modes. The level of influence of aggressive environments and test conditions on the material of the uppers of special footwear was determined. A microscopic method was used to study changes in the structure of skins after exposure to aggressive media. This study is of practical importance for shoe enterprises in the formation of the quality of special footwear at the pre-production stage and procedures for mandatory confirmation of compliance with the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts.

94-103

Authors: Dmitry Lisouski, Natalia Yasinskaya

The article presents the results of a study of the process of biochemical flax fiber cottonization using multi-enzyme compositions, including pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. The methods and results of determining the activity of the enzymes used are presented. Bioscouring of cottonized flax fiber was carried out, using pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes with following peroxide bleaching. Treatment with high concentrations of cellulolytic enzymes significantly increased the short fiber index and reduced fiber strength. Enzyme treatment with pectinases and their mixtures with cellulase led to the production of cottonized fiber with a degree of whiteness higher by 4.3–4.5 %; a linear density lower by 12–25 %; a weight loss by 52–54 % lower in comparison with the traditionally prepared fiber. The optimal concentration of pectinase in the cooking solution (2–3 g/l) was determined. Thus, the preliminary enzymatic treatment made it possible to obtain cottonized flax fiber with improved physical and mechanical properties.

119-125

Authors: Vera Chykunskaya, Leonid Shcherbina, Valery Ogorodnikov, Iryna Budkute

The article summarizes results of studies of homophase synthesis of a copolymer based on acrylonitrile and 2-acrylamid-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid synthesized with an acidic comonomer content in a reaction mixture of 30 % (by weight of monomers) in a 51.5 % aqueous solution of sodium thiocyanate. On its basis, fibrous and granular ion-exchange materials were produced and their sorption activity was studied. By the method of acid-base titration, its static exchange capacity (SOE) was determined, which amounted to 1.40 mmol-eq/g. Complexometric titration was used to produce data on the dynamics of sorption of zinc ions by ionite from ZnSO4 solutions in the concentration range of 0.001– 0.1 mol-eq/dm3. The dynamic characteristics of the sorption of zinc ions by the ion exchanger in H+ and Na+-forms are given. It is noted that it is difficult to work with materials containing more than 30 % (by weight of monomers) of the acidic comonomer, due to the strong swelling of the sample.

135-144

Authors: Alena Aliakseyeva, Anna Skakalova, Valeriya Khaletskaya

In the article, staff skills are considered as a source of competitive advantages. It has been determined that in the context of the digitalization of the economy, the requirements for staff skills are increasing, labor becomes hybrid, the lack of digital skills slows down the process of digital transformation, which is necessary for textile, apparel and shoe industry to maintain competitiveness. The article presents the results of a study of the staff skills at an apparel enterprise, conducted by a survey method based on the author's questionnaire. In the study framework, based on the self-assessment of staff, an assessment of the demand for skills in a particular workplace, an assessment of the mismatch and requiring improvement skills, as well as the interest of the staff in skills development have been done. The methodological approach has been tested on the example of an apparel company and allows to identify mismatches of skills, as well as to create staff training programs aimed at reducing the mismatch and ensuring the development of the organization's competitive advantages by increasing the matching of skills to the requirements of jobs.

158-168

Authors: Polina Nemkina, Tamara Kasayeva

In modern conditions of development of the national economy, the tasks of operational analysis of the financial condition and financial performance of commercial organizations, timely identification of existing risks and finding balanced management decisions are particularly relevant. In this concept, the income and expenses of the organization are considered as factors of the formation of the financial result of the organization and the objects of management. An objective assessment of the quality of income received and expenses incurred can serve as information support for making appropriate decisions. The study of the theory and practice of economic analysis has shown that today one of the most effective tools for solving the tasks is the scoring model. Theoretical studies conducted by the authors allowed us to determine the main areas of application of scoring models; assessment of creditworthiness, formation of assortment policy, sociological research, financial analysis. An attempt to apply the developed scoring models of financial analysis in real business conditions revealed the need for their development both in terms of the set of indicators used and in relation to the final assessment. Elements of the scientific novelty of the research are the following: the classification of scoring models proposed by the authors, as well as the methodology for analyzing the income and expenses of an organization based on an expanded scoring model. They allow not only to assess the quality of income and expenses, but also to determine the directions of development of management decisions to improve their quality.

181-191

Authors: Olga Sovetnikova, Anastasiya Petrova 

Modernization of agriculture with the use of the latest digital technologies is one of the key global trends today. The authors found that in the context of sustainable development, the digital transformation of the economy is one of the key elements in building a technological information society based on ongoing social-and-economic processes. The purpose of the study is to identify the need for the modernization of agriculture in the digital economy, which improves the quality of sectoral management. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the main policy documents approved for the medium and long term and related to the development of agriculture in the context of the digitalization of the economy; assessment of the main indicators of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Belarus; identification of the main problems of agricultural development. The analysis made it possible to develop the main directions for the development of agriculture in the context of digitalization, which can be used to make managerial decisions by republican and regional government bodies in the formation and implementation of regional and state programs for the development of the agroindustrial complex.

203-217

Authors: Galina Yasheva, Yuliya Nikolaeva, Veronika Kondratieva 

World experience shows that the cluster is the most effective organizational form of business, stimulating the development of innovations and increasing the competitiveness of both individual business entities and regional, national economies. In international practice, the spread of cluster initiatives and the formation of national policies in the field of cluster development has become ubiquitous since the beginning of the 21st century. Today, industries of many European countries are fully or partially covered by clustering, and specialized infrastructure is being created. The positive experience of Europe can be applied to the implementation of cluster policy in the Republic of Belarus. To do this, a comparative analysis of clustering factors was performed. The article provides a comparative analysis of clustering processes in European countries and the Republic of Belarus. The historical prerequisites for the formation of cluster policy and its evolutionary result are analyzed: the number of clusters in countries, their specialization and structure in relation to compliance with the cluster criteria are determined. Cluster support institutions and priority areas of activity, as well as the role of the state in the development of clusters, are identified. The sources of funding for cluster programs are analyzed, the levels of implementation of cluster projects are determined.

9-18

Authors: Bashmetau Valery

Calculations and analysis of the magnitude of the total technological loads on the warp threads on average per heddle in each cycle of shedding with clean, uneven and special shade was carried out. Technological loads were determined in the phase of full opening of the shed with a different number of heddles in the loom. The research determined the dependence of technological loads on the type of shed formed on the loom, on the weave of the fabric, on the number and ordinal number of heddles, on the position of the warp stop motion in height relative to the spade line, on the degree of tension of the upper and lower components of the shed. The choice of the type of shed formed on the loom and the optimization of its parameters make it possible to minimize the technological loads on the part of the warp threads on the heddle of the shedding mechanism in order to reduce the tension of the technological process of weaving.

35-42

Authors: Dzerkachenka Pavel, Burkin Alexander

The article is concerned with the development of recommendations for rationalization the measurement methodology of determining the total and residual deformation of the stiffeners, regulated by quality standard GOST 9135-2004 “Shoes. Method for determining the total and residual deformation of the toe puff and stiffeners”. This technique has a number of disadvantages, which are as follows: – the standard inserts in the stiffeners, as a rule, do not correspond to their internal shape and size; – the scale factor is not taken into account when applying the same deformation load for shoes that have different average sizes; The disadvantages mentioned above can be eliminated without making changes to the design of ZhNZO-2 device, but only to the testing procedure and the equipment used for this. The article also presents studies of the residual deformation of natural leathers, cardboards and stiffeners, which show that the use of new equipment and changes in the methodology regulated by GOST 9135-2004 can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of the results. The objects of study are genuine leather “Elite”, cardboard for stiffeners “Ledtrret 22” and stiffeners. The results of the work can be used as recommendations for improving the methodology and equipment for assessing the overall and residual deformation of the stiffeners.

53-67

Authors: Maruschak Yulia, Lenko Ksenia, Yasinskaya Natalia, Petyul Irina, Groshev Ivan

To date, there are no objective methods for evaluating the feel of cloth, with which it would be possible to quantify the effect after softening. However, most researchers argue that for an objective assessment of the feel of cloth after the textile softening finishing, it is possible to use the index of the tangential resistance coefficient. Methods for determining the coefficient of tangential resistance are varied. In this paper, we considered the method of horizontal and inclined plane. The purpose of this work is to determine the rational parameters for measuring the tangential resistance coefficient by the horizontal plane method, namely, the choice of the optimal number of tests, the study of the influence of the contact area, the speed of the carrier plane on the tangential resistance coefficient of textile fabrics, and also to compare two methods for determining the tangential resistance coefficient using the horizontal plane method on the FPT-F1 device and by the inclined plane method. The study found that for the reliability of the results it is necessary to measure the tangential resistance coefficient at least 13 times, taking into account the last three values. The dependence of the coefficient of tangential resistance on the contact area and the speed of movement of the carrier plane is established. It is concluded that for woven fabrics it is recommended to use a block with a size of 65x120 mm. It has been experimentally established that in order to increase the sensitivity of the horizontal plane method when determining the coefficient of tangential resistance of woven fabrics, it is recommended to set the speed to 150–200 mm/min. The results of comparing the two methods showed that the tangential resistance coefficient is not a constant value and depends on the method used.

80-88

Authors: Pyatov Vladislav, Holubeu Aliaksei

The subject of the research is the technology of computer-aided design of an extrusion tool, in particular, an extrusion die and a power screw of an extruder for processing viscous-plastic compressible media. The calculation scheme of the deformation zone in the design of an extrusion die is given, an algorithm and a fragment of calculations of its geometric parameters are offered. For a screw with a rectangular channel profile, the distribution of shear stresses is shown, an algorithm and an example of calculating the geometric parameters of the screw channel are proposed. The considered design technology is based on a theoretical model that relates the rheological properties and tribotechnical characteristics of the processed material with the geometric parameters of the extrusion tool. Examples of designs of the forming head and the power screw of the extruder, designed on the basis of the performed calculations, are shown. The results of the work can be useful in the development of specialized CAD for parts and assemblies of extrusion equipment.

99-114

Authors: Zhornik Viktor, Ivakhnik Anton, Zapolsky Andrey

The features of the formation of the structure and properties of the environmentally friendly lubricants (EFL) based on the mixture of the vegetable and mineral oils are investigated. The formulation and technological regimes of the manufacturing of the soap lithium-calcium grease and liquid lubricant were developed using the results of experimental and statistical modeling. It is shown that for the production of the EFL the highly purified oil of group III according to the API standard is advisable to use as the mineral component of the oil composition, that is characterized by high rheological and tribological properties as well as improved environmental qualities. The obtaining method of the environmentally friendly grease with the mixed dispersion medium (the mixture of the rapeseed and mineral group III according to the API standard oils) is described, that allows to reduce the harmful effects of the water and high temperature on the vegetable component of the dispersion medium and to improve the properties of the grease. This grease has higher rheological (temperature dropping point– 180 °С, colloidal stability – 8 %) and tribological (welding load – 1960 N, wear index – 0,46 mm) values than the greases thickened with the single lithium (grease Litol-24) or the single calcium (grease Solidol C) soap. The lubricating oil for the saw chains made from domestic raw materials is developed, that has the parameter similar to the analog oil of the Husqvarna Bio Advanced brand. The biodegradability of the developed environmentally friendly liquid and plastic lubricants is 93 % and 89 % respectively, while the developed EFLs are characterized by high stability (for at least 12 months) of the rheological and tribological properties.

125-138

Authors: Tomasheva Rita, Filipovich Iryna

The article considers the issues of technology development and evaluation of the quality of the dye-fat processes in the manufacture of leathers from cattle hides. The well-known technological schemes for performing liquid finishing operations of semi-finished leather products are analyzed. A rational technology of dyeing and fat processes in the manufacture of elastic leathers for the upper of shoes has been selected and worked out in production conditions. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of the dyeing processes was carried out according to a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators and the influence of dyeing and fat processes on the change in the physical and mechanical properties of semifinished leather products was investigated. It is found out that the tested technology ensures the production of a semi-finished leather of high quality, with a deep, durable, uniform and resistant to chemical and physical-and-mechanical effects of coloring. The semi-finished product obtained during technological processing according to the complex of mechanical properties meets the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation. Recommendations have been developed to optimize the technology of dyeing and fat finishing processes of semi-finished leather products. The industrial use of the proven technology will allow the production of leather materials of a given quality level and increase production efficiency.

155-169

Authors: Kalinouskaya Iryna

The HR Zero concept has emerged as a result of the digitalization of the economy, the continuous development of technology and the increasing role of the line manager in the personnel management of the organization. This is the principle of the organization of human resource management processes in the company, which allows automating personnel procedures for the search, hiring, adaptation, training and motivation of employees with the help of a specialized software product based on Big Data and artificial intelligence technologies; effectively delegate part of the functions of HR specialists to line managers and related specialists who have closer contact and trusting relationships with department employees; create a flexible organizational environment with a comfortable climate in a team with a high degree of loyalty and commitment to the company; reorient HR services from routine operations and personnel records management to talent management and planning processes, forecasting and development of the company's development strategy. The purpose of the study was to establish the possibility of applying HR Zero concept in Belarusian organizations. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: identification of existing skills of HR specialists; analysis of changes in the skills of these specialists; assessment of compliance of HR specialists' competencies with labor market requirements; classification of competencies and analysis of the possibility of automation of HR operations and the application of HR Zero concept by Belarusian organizations. During the research, the method of nonparametric analysis was used and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated. The analysis made it possible to conclude that at this stage HR Zero concept in Belarusian organizations is applicable in fragments, for individual operations. This is due to the specifics of the work of HR specialists and the requirements of the Belarusian labor market, and also depends on the overall level of digitalization of domestic organizations.

181-196

Authors: Kudins Janis, Komarova Vera, Cizo Edmunds, Kokarevica Anita

This study is aimed to empirically prove the hypothesis that currently the influence of workforce aging on the productivity of economy is determined by factors characterizing the level of territory development. The scientific and practical significance of this study is the contribution of the authors to a scientifically based empirical investigation of the influence of workforce aging (due to raising the retirement age) on the productivity of economy in the countries of the modern world. Methods of the empirical analysis. The theoretical background and methodology of this study are based on the concept of specific human capital by G. Becker and the conception of endogenous growth with its emphasis on technology development. The authors use several methods of quantitative data analysis: correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis in order to identify not only correlational parallelism, but also causal relationships between the variables included in the proof of the research hypothesis. Sources of empirical information. The authors used, whenever possible, the latest statistics from the World Health Organization, Trading Economics and PwC Global, as well as data from the report on the Global Talent Competitiveness Index for 63 countries. These countries represent different continents and have different levels of socio-economic development. The results of the conducted empirical analysis show that in the countries of the modern world, technological readiness, coupled with a high level of lifelong learning, are the catalysts that provide a stimulating effect of raising the retirement age (objectively leading to workforce aging) on the productivity of economy. The authors also concluded that raising the retirement age in the country, without considering the above factors, does not contribute to the effective use of the economic potential of older workers.

205-213

Authors: Rasseko Yuliya, Karpenko Yelena

The article presents the result of a study assessing the impact of a new category – the regional pace of life on the socio-economic indicators of the functioning of territories. The purpose of the development of the author's methodology was the reasonable possibility of its use in the system of regional management. The proposed methodological algorithm makes it possible to achieve the target positions of the socio-economic development of the region with the help of the selected typological grouping of tools for managing the regional pace of life. The tool developed by the authors can be used both as an independent means of territorial development and as an indicator of readiness for the development of additional resources by the region. The approbation of the methodology made it possible to identify the optimal development trajectory for Belarus and recommend two typological groups of tools for changing the regional pace of life. The problem solved in the study suggests the use of a new element of the regional development system, draws attention to the possibility of forming a modernized direction of regional development.