Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

263-269

Authors: Kunal Arora, Sumita Singh and Lovely Chaurasia

The main aim of this review is to focus on the various kinds of approaches which are used in ophthalmic drug delivery. Ophthalmic drug delivery system is used to treat various conditions associated with eye. The main purpose of a formulation designer is to formulate an eye formulation which could reside in the eye in an optimum concentration and for a proper duration for its proper effect. The main problem seen in the conventional dosage forms is their poor bioavailability due to fast precorneal drug loss primarily due to nasolacrimal drainage. The residence time of conventional formulations is also very less in the eye resulting into minimal advantages. In order to combat all these problems, now days the pharmaceutical scientists are very much involved in the research towards the novel approaches of ophthalmic drug delivery. The present paper enlists the important novel formulations which have been developed recently and explore their various advantages over conventional forms.

278-284

Authors: Alka Gupta, R N Gupta, G M Kannan, Pankaj Gupta and R Vijayaraghavan

Sulphur mustard (bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide, SM) is a powerful vesicating chemical warfare agent that causes profound injuries to the eyes, lungs and skin. Despite intensive research following the first use of SM in World War I, there is still no useful pretreatment or therapeutic antidote available. This agent remains a constant chemical threat. A potential approach to combating the debiliting effects of this agent is the use of compounds that can react with this material before it interacts with critical macromolecules. Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that exists in high concentrations in cells, reacts with SM and is involved in SM detoxification. Amifostine is a synthetic aminothiol, has been extensively used as a radioprotector. This prompted us to evaluate the protective efficacy of GSH, Amifostine and DRDE-07 (S-2(2-aminoethyl amino) ethyl phenyl sulfide) (synthesized in our lab) against SM toxicity in vitro in HeLa cell line. All these compounds are thiol group containing compounds. Pretreatment of HeLa cell with these cytoprotectants led to decrease in cytotoxicity after SM exposure. The protective efficacy of above compounds were evaluated against sulphur mustard using HeLa cells. The above compounds were added to the media 1 hr before the SM exposure and incubated for 24 hrs. cell viability by MTT assay and LDH leakage were measured as end point.

244-253

Authors: Pravin Pawar and Gharge Varsha

The aim of these research of an oral colon specific, pulsatile device to attain time and or site specific release ofMesalamine, based on chronopharmaceutical consideration. The basic design consists of an insoluble hard gelatin capsule body, filled with Eudragit microcapsules of Mesalamine and sealed with a hydrogel plug. The entire device was enteric coated, so that the variability in gastric emptying time can be overcome and a colon-specific release can be achieved. The Mesalamine microcapsules were prepared in three batches, with Eudragit L-100 and S-100 (1:2) by changing drug to polymer ratio and evaluated for the particle size, drug content and in vitro release profile and from the obtained results; one better formulation was selected for further fabrication of pulsatile capsule. Different hydrogel polymers were used as plugs, to maintain a suitable lag period and it was found that the drug release was controlled by the proportion of polymers used. In vitro release studies of pulsatile device revealed that, increasing the hydrophilic polymer content resulted in delayed release of Mesalamine from microcapsules. Pulsatile, colon-specific release has been achieved from a capsule device over a 2–24 h period, consistent with the demands of chronotherapeutic drug delivery. Keywords: Mesalamine, Eudragit, microcapsules, Pulsatile, Colon-specific, Chronotherapeutics

258-262

Authors: P Sivakumar, Anil Ahuja and T Venkatachalam

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, is the second leading infectious cause of death in world. The study was carried out in the DOTS centre in Coimbatore region.Material and Methods: It was a cross – sectional observational, descriptive epidemiological study. This study was a humble effort to throw light on sociodemographic profile, knowledge and awareness regarding TB among patients with TB. Results and Discussion: A total of 300 patients were included in the study. Majority of the cases (31.66%) belongs to the age groups of 21-40 years. Out of 300 patients, 223 (74.33%) of patients had aware on the aetiology of tuberculosis. Most of the patients 210 (70.00%) were aware of fact that Tuberculosis could be transmitted from one person to another person via coughing and close contact. About 196 (65.33%) of patients had the knowledge about the importance of BCG vaccine for Tuberculosis.Conclusion: Apart from pharmacological treatment, poor knowledge of TB among patients on TB also needs great attention.

224-233

Authors: Prashant B Patil, Vivekanand K Chatap, Mahesh P More and Zamir G Khan

The present study provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process for manufacturing of Glibenclamide Tablets will consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined quality attributes and specifications. It mainly comprises the stages to be followed to evaluate and qualify the acceptability of manufacturing process of Glibenclamide 2.5 mg tablets. The process is limited to the three batches manufactured of specific batch size with specified equipments and control parameters for tablets. It involves All parameters related to the each step were evaluated by respective standard test involved in the manufacturing. Sampling, testing plan and acceptance criteria for each step were monitored. The analytical results of all stages were found to be within the acceptable limit. Other tests related to compression such as hardness, thickness, disintegration and dissolution for all three batches were found within the acceptable limit.

239-243

Authors: Ashish Dixit and Hemant Kumar Sharma

The aim of investigation is to develop the effective delivery system for pain management of rheumatic disorders. The mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) containing flurbiprofen was developed in order to accomplish enhanced solubility leading to better bioavailability profile. Different ratios, of flurbiprofen and Poly ethylene glycol 6000 i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 were selected for the formulation of mouth dissolving tablets system and prepared by direct compression technique. The prepared batches of mouth dissolving tablets were characterized for thickness, hardness, weight variation, wetting time, disintegration time and drug content. The evaluation data for all batches was satisfactory out of them formulation C3 containing 6% MCC PH- 102 (Avicel) showed the best results with a value of 27.3 sec and 37.1 sec for wetting and disintegration, respectively.