Cihannüma: Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi

1-22

Authors: İrfan Kokdaş

Akdeniz’deki liman kentleri anlatılarını eleştiren bu çalışma, ekonomik dönüşüm, siyasal hiyerarşi, erken modern Osmanlı taşra yönetimi açısından Selanik’te değişen toplumun unsurlarını incelemektedir. On sekizinci yüzyıl taşra toplumunda meydana gelen değişimler çok farklı dinamiklerin etkileşimi sonucu ortaya çıkmıştı. Bu dinamikler, reayanın hareketliliği, kırsalda ortaya çıkan siyasi güçler, büyük toprak sahipliliğinin artışı ve paramiliter kuvvetlerin gücünün artışı idi. Selanik ve çevresindeki kentlerin etrafındaki kırsal alanda belirginleşen güç ve mülkiyet ilişkilerine yeni bir bakış sunan bu çalışma, bu anlamda erken modern dönemdeki kır-kent ilişkilerinin yeniden yorumlanmasını amaç edinmektedir. Bunun yanında, şehir tarihçiliğini domine eden hinterland, kırsaldaki kent hâkimiyeti ve portfolyo kapitalistler gibi kavramların yeniden sorgulanmasını önermektedir. Bu çalışma, kentteki Avrupalı tüccarların ya da komprador burjuvanın stratejilerinden ziyade, toprak sahipleri, köylüler ve Osmanlı merkezi arasındaki ortaya çıkan yeni ilişki ağlarının Selanik’teki erken modern ekonomik büyümeyi ve siyasi yapıları belirlediğini iddia etmektedir.///// By challenging Mediterranean port-city narratives, this study analyzes the changing nature of Salonikan society from the perspective of economic transformation, political hierarchy, and the workings of the early modern Ottoman provincial system. The eighteenth-century metamorphosis of provincial society was set by the interaction of several coexisting and complex dynamics: the extensive peasant mobility, the rise of local powers in the countryside, the spread of large agricultural estates in the countryside, and the rising power of local paramilitaries. A reconceptualization of power and property relations in the rural areas adjacent to Salonikan towns would not only provide a new perspective into city-country connections in the early modern era, but also help us to rethink the concepts of hinterland, urban domination and portfolio capitalists in the Ottoman provincial setting. This study thus suggests that rather than the activities of European merchants and comprador bourgeoisie, the emerging alliances between landed elite, peasants, and the imperial center shaped the contours of early modern growth and political structures in Salonika.

39-59

Authors: Dilek Akyalçın Kaya

The city of Salonica lived through a profound social and economic differentiation throughout the second half of the nineteenth century. One of the primary reasons of such differentiation was the commercial expansion due to its geographical position as a port-city. Together with this characteristic several other factors also played a significant role on the social and economic differentiation between urban factory workers and the emerging bourgeoisie: the agricultural transformation of its hinterland, capital accumulation thanks to commercial wealth and its investment in industry, etc. The secondary literature contains various studies on the emerging commercial bourgeoisie in the port cities during the nineteenth century. These studies argue that this bourgeoisie was comprised of the Ottoman non-Muslims and foreigners living in the Empire. According to this approach, when dealing with the Muslim bourgeoisie, there is a need to refer to the bureaucracy and/or administration. However recent studies on the subject criticized these theoretical frameworks demonstrating that such divisions along ethnic and/or religious lines fall short to analyze the much more complex social structure of the Ottoman society. Though still limited in number, there are increasingly more studies focusing on the characteristics of the bourgeoisie, its lifestyle, etc. through personal notebooks, journals and diaries.This article aims to analyze the effects of social and economic transformations that Salonica underwent in the nineteenth century upon its inhabitants and to examine the making of bourgeoisie in an Ottoman provincial town through the personal notebook of Mustafa Arif Efendi, a Sabbatian. It deals with his life course and how it was affected by the social and economic transformations of his time. It argues that contrary to the commonly held view in the secondary literature Sabbatians were actually not a homogenous group comprised of individuals who were part of the well-off grand bourgeoisie dealing with international trade. Moreover it also claims that an analysis of the making of the Ottoman bourgeoisie during this period reveals the underlying elements of the social change as well as the complex nature of the Ottoman social structure in the nineteenth century.

81-130

Authors: Alpay Bizbirlik

Araştırmanın ana materyali, Suruç ilçesi Küçük Ziyaret köyünde ikamet eden ve kendi ifadeleri ile zaviyenin kurulduğu dönemden itibaren bu kuruma bakan ve verilen hizmetleri yürüten “Şeyhanlı” ailesine mensup kişilerin yürüttüğü zaviyenin çeşitli hizmetleri (mütevellilik, cabilik, hatiplik, şeyhlik, nazırlık vd.) ile ilgili meseleler ve çözümlerini içeren fermanlar ve tayinlerle ilgili beratlardan oluşan bir belge koleksiyonudur

143-156

Authors: Gürol Pehlivan

Book-review

159-161

Authors: Mahmut Tat

Book-review

165-168

Authors: Hüseyin Çalış

Book-review

1-8

Authors: Tuncer Baykara

From a historical onomastic perspective, this article analyzes the etymological origins of the name “Dinar,” one of the districts of modern Afyonkarahisar. In scholarship it has been often misleadingly assumed that under the Ottoman rule the toponym of Dinar was Apemeia which evolved into Geyikler in the 1800s. Based on this assumption, it has been also argued that the term Dinar was used then by a British archeologist. However, as this article reveals, Ottomans never used the term Apemeia for Dinar. Even from the very beginning, its name written as Gingler/Ginler with Arabic scripts was used as Geyikler/Keyikler due to the permeability between Arabic and Ottoman pronunciation. Later, the term Gingler/Ginler gradually transformed into Dinar in the local vernaculars.

27-65

Authors: Anıl Yılmaz

One of the subjects mentioned seldom on Gok-Turk studies is the infrastructure of the resources which has fed the pre-Islamic Turkic Culture. Places where the step borders and the agricultural civilizations intersect cause some synthesis which could be traced not only from the archeological data but also cultures, such as war materials and tactics, bureaucratic language and the dresses. Article is majored on two main geographies: First, south Siberia and Mongolia region where the Turks created their original materials. This geography’s life style and beliefs had a direct effect on the art objects created by the nomads. The influence of agrarian societies here is on minimum levels. Second geography is where Gok-Turks have had interactions with settled (agrarian) societies on political and cultural levels. There are two major cultures here; first China over Ordos and second Iran over Tengri Mountains. Once the interregional relations detailed, association of urbans with nomads; is more than barbarian – civilized dilemma which was created in our imagination. Sogdians have always preferred the Gök Turks patronage to Sassanid’s. And wise leaders of Tangs and Turks such as Tai Tsung and Bilge, have prefer sustainable commercial and cultural relations rather than war or looting policy. Examining all three regions in the same article would increase the size of the research so we decided to divide into two parts: the article reading, consists isolated areas (such as western Mongolia and southern Siberia) and one of the transition area: Tengri mountains and its hinterland. Our next study will be about Ordos where Turks and Chinese culture were mixed.

97-113

Authors: Özer Küpeli

The Ottoman-Safavid conflicts from the early sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth century took place in two geographical spaces, namely Irak-i Arap (Iraq of the Arabs), and the Caucasus. Since the Caucasus is always a strategically important region from many perspectives, it was also a contested space between the Ottomans and Safavids. From the very beginning, Ottomans and Safavids were trying to control the Caucasus and constantly battling for the upper hand over the other. By focusing on the Ottoman-Safavid competition over the Transcaucasia in the period from 1603 to the mid-seventeenth century, this article examines the politics of these two empires in this competition with a special emphasis on the role of local actors in this conflict, particularly the maneuvers of Georgian groups.

125-138

Authors: Faiz Ali Bahit (çev. Fatma Akkuş Yiğit, Songül Akyurt, Burak Arslan)

Bu çalışma, Çerkes Memlûk Devleti’ni1 zayıflatmak için çeşitli yöntemler uygulayan Haçlı kuvvetleri karşısında ayakta kalan Çerkes Memlûk Devleti tarihinin önemli bir yönünü aydınlatmayı amaçlar. Kullanılan en bariz yöntem, Memlûkler üzerinde Haçlı ekonomik ambargosunun dayatılması olmuştur.

177-197

Authors: Mikail Acıpınar

Osmanlı Devleti 17. yüzyıla büyük seferler, karışıklar ve çalkantılarla girmiş, bir kısım dâhili ve harici olaylara I. Ahmed’in vefatından sonra tahtta yaşanan gelişmeler de eklenmişti.

204-207

Authors: İrem Çanlı

Kitap Tanıtımı / Book Review