IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences

1-10

Authors: Marius Ikpe

Nigeria failed to meet the Millennium Development Goals’ goal five of reducing child mortality to 55 deaths per 1000 live births by the year 2015. This ugly development happened amidst growing records of expanding average income for the economy. As a result, this study examined the impact of per capita income and environmental quality on child survival using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model approach. Theoretically, the model was predicated on a model of endogenous mortality and life expectancy. Findings show that rather than income, child survival is instead linked to immediate past period’s state of health, quality of society’s environmental living conditions, and HIV prevalence among the under-five. In addition, global factors were revealed to increasingly become more significantly relevant to child survival. On the basis of this the study concluded that insignificant impact of income on child survival could be explained by the high degree of income inequality which made many households unable to afford healthy living conditions and has limited access to child medical care.

19-32

Authors: Bhumi Thakkar & Pragna Parikh

Insects are one of the most successful groups of living organisms on the earth and have one of the widest distributions around the globe. One of the reasons for their great diversity and abundance is their high reproductive capacity and adaptation in extreme environment. Hymenoptera is the third largest order of class Insecta. Biodiversity of hymenopterans insect shows various patterns in space and time due to the difference in climatic conditions, the interaction between species, geography, local history and many other factors. Hence, this present work provides a baseline data of diversity and distribution pattern of Hymenoptera in Gujarat for further study. The objectives of the study were to prepare an inventory of insects with reference to Hymenoptera. The study revealed a good assemblage of bees, wasps, and ants belonging to order Hymenoptera. A total of 145species belonging to 20 families of Hymenoptera were reported. The study reveals that the area under the survey has hymenopteran insects belonging to 20 families, 83 genera, and 145 species and their ecological roles span from predator to crop pollinator and parasitoids. Out of the total of 145 Species recorded in Gujarat, 96 were common, 39 uncommon and 10 species were rare e. During the present inventory, Formicidae family found to be most dominant followed by Apidae and Sphecidae.