Anatolian Clinic Journal of Medical Science / Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi

169-172

Authors: Orhan Alimoglu, Tunc Eren, Kerem Tolan, Ali Kilic, Tamador Shamaileh, Gurhan Bas

Aim: Currently, the primary method for assessing the prognostic differences among patients is the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Our aim was to evaluate the incidence of the presence of pericolonic tumor deposits in patients operated on for colorectal cancer, and to demonstrate its relation with tumor stages. Materials and Methods: The pathological findings of a total number of 190 patients who underwent surgical resections for colorectal cancer were evaluated retrospectively. Staging was carried out according to the 7th edition of the AJCC staging manual. Results: Among all 190 colorectal cancer patients, a total of 30 (15.8%) patients were detected to harbor pericolonic tumor deposits. In the final pathology reports, 66.6% of the patients were reported as T3, and 46.6% were reported as N1c. Thus, 56.6% of the patients were reported as Stage IIIB. Discussion and Conclusion: In the absence of other evidence of lymph node involvement, the presence of pericolonic tumor deposits results in the reclassification of the disease from Stage II to Stage III. The fact that Stage III disease necessitates adjuvant treatment puts forth an emphasis on the importance of upstaging due to the presence of tumor deposits.

179-186

Authors: Vahdet Gormez, A. Cahid Orengul, Omer Faruk Ozer, Selcuk Uzuner, Sehabettin Selek

Aim: Research investigating association between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oxidative stress have reported conflicting and inconsistent findings. We aimed to investigate a novel oxidative stress marker, thiol/disulphide homeostasis, in patients with ADHD and compare the results with the healthy control group. Materials and Methods: A total of 47 medication naïve children and adolescents (35 boys and 12 girls) aged 6–17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD were investigated for oxidative stress parameters and results were compared with that of 41 subjects (28 boys and 13 girls) matched for age and gender. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (KSADS-PL) was conducted to support ADHD diagnosis and to exclude comorbid psychiatric disorders. Thiols, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were measured in serum samples in addition to myeloperoxidase (MPO) and dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Results: TOS, OSI and MPO levels were significantly lower in ADHD group (p=0.001, p=0.022, p=0.007, respectively). Predominantly inattentive type ADHD had significantly higher levels of TAS (p=0.014) and TOS (p=0.01) than those with combined ADHD subtype. Oxidative stress index (OSI) levels decreased with increasing age in both ADHD and control groups as well in the whole sample when control and patient groups were tested together (r=-0.376, p=0.009; r=-0.479, p= 0.002; and r=-0.367, p<0.001, respectively). TAS scores significantly increased with age in ADHD group (r= 0.523, p<0.001). Thiol/disulphide homeostasis showed no difference. Discussion and Conclusion: The current study reveals no association between pediatric-age ADHD and thiol/disulphide homeostasis. The nature of relationship between oxidative stress and ADHD needs to be clarified with methodologically robust studies.

197-206

Authors: Seyit Ankarali, Ersin Beyazcicek, Handan Ankarali, Serif Demir

Aim: Approximately fifty million people in the world suffer from epilepsy, and a large part of these patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs discovered so far. In addition, side effect profiles of these drugs are very wide. Rapamycin that is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has antineoplastic, aging-retarding, and anti-inflammatory effects. The studies regarding the effects of mTOR on nervous system have shown that it has neuro-protective effects. Moreover, it has been reported that use of rapamycin reduces epileptic seizures in tuberous sclerosis patients. In this study we aimed to investigate acute effects of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin on penicillin-induced experimental epilepsy in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, a model of forty adult male Wistar rats with penicillininduced experimental epilepsy was used. The forty rats were divided into five groups, which were saline group, solvent (dimethylsulfoxide) group, and 0.1 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg rapamycin groups. All substances were administered intraperitoneally. After the administration of 1.25 g/kg urethane for anesthesia, the left part of each rat’s skull was opened and electrodes were placed on the brain. Electrocorticography recording was initiated. Penicillin was intracortically administered two hours after the administration of rapamycin. After the administration of penicillin, electrocorticographic data were recorded for another two hours. Results: In rapamycin-treated rat groups, administration of 0.4 mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg rapamycin significantly reduced epileptic spike-wave frequency and amplitude of epileptiform activity. However, when compared in terms of latency no significant difference was found between the groups. Discussion and Conclusion: Acute administration of rapamycin reduced spike-wave frequency and spike-wave amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in the rats, and these findings indicate that rapamycin has an antiepileptogenic potential.

215-217

Authors: Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar

Netherton syndrome is a rare and autosomal recessive form of ichthyosis characterized by ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, trichorrhexis invaginata and atopic manifestations. Mental retardation may be also observed in some patients. We present here a rare case of Netherton syndrome with mental retardation.

223-234

Authors: Hakan Ertin, M. Kemal Temel

Due to the human experimentation conducted in the Nazi Germany in the past, the subsequent Tuskegee syphilis and Guatemala STD studies, and the ongoing clinical pharmaceutical trials, potential harms to and exploitation of human subjects have long been discussed as a serious problem. Especially during the trials held in Nuremberg regarding the human experimentation that had been conducted by Nazi scientists the important lack of an internationally binding regulatory code was recognized, and the Nuremberg Code was created and adopted by countries to fill this gap. Given the ongoing in vivo pharmaceutical trials, in vitro procedures, stem cell research, etc., more various and complicated scientific research than ever before is conducted today on humans and human cells and tissues. The main tension in the field of human experimentation is between potential harms to the human subjects and potential benefits for science and humanity. A variety of scientific and ethical codes and rules have been developed and declared both in ethical declarations and in legal regulations in order to proceed to achieve these benefits without harming the subjects. In parallel with changes in these trials and research, these texts have also been either modified or supplemented by new texts. The Helsinki Declaration, for instance, has been revised for seven times up to the present. This systematic review aims to provide a source that gathers these nationally and internationally binding ethicolegal texts concerning human experimentation.