Herald of Almaty State Institute of Advanced Medical Education

6-11

Authors: Stabayeva L. M.

The proposed review of the literature is devoted to sarcoidosis of the lungs - granulomatous inflammatory disease, one of the topical problems of modern medicine, manifested by the defeat of various organs and systems, variable flow and lesion of relatively Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous lung disease of unknown origin, affecting people of any age, mostly young people. The disease is extremely heterogeneous with an unpredictable clinical course. Various phenotypes have been identified: acute syndrome can be distinguished from subacute and chronic variants. About 20% of patients progress chronically and fibrosis of the lung can develop.manifestations of this disease are manifold. The article describes what issues have been little studied in this pathology.

18-21

Authors: Zhumakaeva A.M., OmarovaI.M., Sirota V.B., RakhimovK.D., Zhumakaeva S.S., Eleshov D.Z.

In the Republic of Kazakhstan, as in the whole world, breast cancer has the leading positions. In Karaganda region, breast cancer is 15.7% in the structure of all malignant neoplasms and 53.6% among tumors of the reproductive system of the female population. The high incidence of breast cancer falls on the able-bodied age, which demonstrates the particular urgency of this problem and dictates the need for its investigation. According to world statistics, the main age, which accounts for the peak incidence, is 45-59 years. The incidence of breast cancer is not the same depending on the national characteristics, and it often occurs in women of those nationalities, which traditionally have a limited birth rate. The study of the epidemiological features of breast cancer in Karaganda region is topical and of great interest since there are significant age differences. The purpose of this research is to study the epidemiological features of breast cancer in women of different ages in Karaganda region. Materials and methods: a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the data of patients diagnosed with breast cancer for the period 2012-2016 was conducted. Results: the main indicators of the incidence of breast cancer during the observation period in the region fall on the age of 50-59 years.

26-31

Authors: Zetov A.Sh.

The study showed that there is a need for the use of surgical treatment methods in addition to antituberculosis therapy, taking into account antibacterial sensitivity. Results of the surgical treatment of 277 patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are described. The aim of the study was evaluate the significance of surgical treatment of the patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary TB. Application of surgery allowed obtaining positive results in 98.0% of patients with TB on the background of chemotherapy with second-line drugs. Long-term results showed a lower frequency of TB relapses in the operated patients receiving second-line anti-TB drugs.

41-45

Authors: Athezhanov D.O., Zamuraeva A.U.

In children, against the background of somatic pathology and persistent infection, the hygiene of an oral cavity worsens leading to the development of hypoplasia of the teeth, which further contributes to the development of caries. The treatment of caries of the permanent teeth in children is mainly focuses on the development and formation of the teeth and their roots. Broad fissures, observed during the formation of the molars, can be considered as markers for potential caries development. In these cases, tactics of sealing of the fissures takes place. On the other hand, in cases when initial forms of caries already present, either restoration of the tooth enamel or sealing of a carious cavity is required. In the Republic of Kazakhstan a dentifrice InnoDent™ with a unique formula of BioSmart Institute with the participation of the leading biotechnological concern Bachem AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland) was developed. The dentifrice has two forms: InnoDent™ Junior and InnoDent™ Repair. In literature, there are only a few research articles on clinical application of this new domestic dentifrice InnoDent™ in the treatment of initial caries at the stage of a white spot. However, this dentifrice was not applied in the treatment of initial caries at children with somatic pathologies. Our clinical experience of application of InnoDent™ in the treatment of initial caries in children with somatic pathologies showed stabilization of pathological processes and restoration of the enamel of the second teeth within the first three months. The beneficial effects allowed recommending extension of clinical use of dentifrice InnoDent™ for the restoration of the tooth enamel at early stages of the caries development.

50-53

Authors: Temirbayev M., \Pivovarov S\, Rukhin A., Seredavina T., Suchkova N.

This article presents data on the use of electron-paramagnetic resonance in the Q-band to obtain an informative signal from tooth enamel as EPR dosimetry for tooth enamel. For this purpose, a crystal or dental enamel plate with a cross section of less than 1.5 x 2 mm can be used. The task of sampling dental enamel with a cross section of less than 1.5 x 2 mm. without tooth extraction was successfully solved in the treatment and prosthetics of patients. Then it was necessary to solve methodological problems with regard to the optimal conditions for recording and analyzing spectral in the Q-band. In addition, a plate of 1.4 mg of tooth enamel from the teeth of a fossil rhinoceros with a large radiation signal was used, which was explained by natural background radiation of about 0.9 Gy for 1000 years for monitoring [1].

58-68

Authors: Akhmetova Zh.K., Ospanova DA, Sarmuldaeva Sh.K., Laktionova M.V .

In this paper, active methods of teaching in obstetric-gynecological practice are proposed for consideration, and a patent search is carried out on this topic. Objective: to analyze the use of active teaching methods in obstetric and gynecological practice according to scientific literature over the past 10 years. Materials and methods of research: 95 questions were found and analyzed in accessible literature with the use of international databases on the basis of the query on the given topic with the keywords: modern active teaching methods, simulators, obstetrics and gynecology, including 7 large randomized controlled trials, 5 systematic reviews and 1 meta analysis. Results of the study and their discussion: Applied computer technologies are becoming increasingly important for increasing the effectiveness of training specialists, in particular interactive computer simulators. Innovative virtual simulators are able to simulate not only the real kind of surgical instruments, but also the elastic properties of many intra-abdominal organs, large vessels with modeling of fine textural features of the cavities of the human body, objects of operation. Before the surgeon is allowed to independently perform laparoscopic interventions, he should perfectly practice the practical skills on the simulator and confirm (certify) the acquired level. Thus, based on the results of the analysis of the modern approach in the training of a obstetrician-gynecologist, the following conclusions can be drawn: I.The optimal form of teaching practical skills are classes in interdisciplinary simulation or phantom centers with the interaction of students of different specialties in providing obstetric and gynecological care for the simultaneous development of teamwork skills and reducing medical errors. 2. The application of active teaching methods in medical education increases the development of clear and rapid solutions, improves teamwork; develops high communication skills; increases the thinking ability for self-improvement in the course of the whole life, the reproduction of the acquired knowledge after, the transfer of theoretical knowledge into practical skills.